基波注入锁定谐波耿氏振荡器研究

本文基于同步振荡器的非线性模型，导出了基波注入锁定二次谐波耿氏振荡器的锁定带宽表达式，完成了三毫米波段第二次谐波振荡器的基波注入锁定实验，理论分析与实验结果吻合。     

使用新注入锁定技术的低相位噪声正交振荡器

提出了一种利用新注入锁定技术的低相位噪声正交振荡器,激励信号直接注入子谐波振荡器的共源连接点.原理上,正交振荡器的相位噪声性能会比子谐波振荡器的相位噪声性能好.该正交振荡器已经采用0.25μmCMOS工艺实现,测试结果表明该正交振荡器的振荡频率约为1.13GHz,在偏离振荡频率1MHz处的相位噪声约为-130dBc/Hz.该振荡器采用2.5V电源电压,消耗的电流约为8.0mA.     

使用新注入锁定技术的低相位噪声正交振荡器

提出了一种利用新注入锁定技术的低相位噪声正交振荡器,激励信号直接注入子谐波振荡器的共源连接点.原理上,正交振荡器的相位噪声性能会比子谐波振荡器的相位噪声性能好.该正交振荡器已经采用0.25μmCMOS工艺实现,测试结果表明该正交振荡器的振荡频率约为1.13GHz,在偏离振荡频率1MHz处的相位噪声约为-130dBc/Hz.该振荡器采用2.5V电源电压,消耗的电流约为8.0mA.     

Low Phase Noise Quadrature Oscillators Using New Injection Locked Technique

A low phase noise quadrature oscillator using the new injection locked technique is proposed.The incident signal is directly injected into the common-source connection of the sub-harmonic oscillator.In principle,the phase noise performance of the quadrature output is better than the sub-harmonic oscillator itself.The quadrature oscillator is implemented in a 0.25μm CMOS process.Measurements show the proposed oscillator could achieve a phase noise of -130dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset from 1.13GHz carrier while only drawing an 8.0mA current from the 2.5V power supply.     

Injection Locked Millimeter Wave Oscillators at Ka, V, and W-Bands

Injection locked Gunn oscillators have been developed to amplify the upconverted millimeter wave frequencies. They are being used in millimeter wave communication systems at Ka, V and W-Bands respectively.     

A Beam-Steering Antenna Array Using Injection Locked Coupled Oscillators With Self-Tuning of Oscillator Free-Running Frequencies

The analysis and experimental results of an antenna array using injection locked coupled oscillators with self-tuning of oscillator free-running frequencies are presented. With the use of coupled type-II phase locked loops for tuning oscillator free-running frequencies and an external injection signal for stabilizing the array operating frequency, this antenna array can steer its beam through a single control voltage and hold its output frequency at the injection signal frequency in operation. In addition, its beam-pointing error arising from phase errors in coupled oscillators can be reduced and the array works well over a certain frequency band. Phase dynamics and stability are studied and experimentally verified. Experimental results of a three-element injection locked coupled oscillator array show that its uniform phase progression ranges between $-$16 $^{circ}$ and 52$^{circ}$ , and the phase errors are less than 5 $^{circ}$ at 2.7 GHz. The operation bandwidth is shown from 2.68–2.72 GHz. By loading the injection locked coupled oscillator array with rectangular patch antennas, the beam-steering radiation characteristics are measured at various control voltages.      

Fast Dynamic Control of Medium Voltage Drives Operating at Very Low Switching Frequency—An Overview

Medium voltage AC machines fed by high-power inverters operate at a low switching frequency to restrain the switching losses of power semiconductor devices. Particular care is thus required in the design of the drive control system. The signal delay caused by low switching frequency operation increases undesired cross-coupling effects in vector-controlled schemes. These are not sufficiently compensated by established methods like feedforward control. Improvements are achieved by a more accurate modeling of the machine and the inverter. An adequate controller is introduced, having a transfer function with complex coefficients. The high harmonic distortion due to the low switching frequency is a tradeoff. Using synchronous optimal pulsewidth as an alternative permits reducing the switching frequency without increasing the harmonics. The detrimental effects of conventional control methods are eliminated by forcing the harmonic components on an optimal spatial trajectory. Deadbeat behavior and complete decoupling are thus achieved. The performance of the aforementioned schemes is compared based on mathematical analyses and experimental results.     

注入锁定型半导体激光放大器的响应特性研究

本文讨论了注入锁定(IL)型半导体激光放大器的功率响应、频率响应特性,分析了锁定相位、注入光功率等对这些特性的影响。     

Injection Locking of Klystron Oscillators

If certain criteria are met, a microwave oscillator may be synchronized by the injection of a controlling signal into the oscillator cavity. Synchronization is dependent upon oscillator circuit parameters, the ratio of injected power to oscillator power, and frequency difference between the free-running oscillator and the injection signal. Locking has been observed with injection signals 70 db below the oscillator output and 30-db ratios have been demonstrated to be easily realizable. Injection locking may be considered a form of amplification that permits taking advantage of the fact that microwave oscillators are smafler, lighter, less expensive and more efficient than amplifier devices. The low-frequency theory of Adler is shown to describe accurately the locking phenomena in reflex klystron oscillators and the transient response is extended to determine limitations on the amplification of modulated signals. Experimental verification of the theory is shown for 180/spl deg/ phase modulation of the locking signal at rates up to 100 kc for a VA-201 klystron. Design relations and curves are presented and applications and improvements are discussed.     

Optical Injection Locking of Baritt Oscillators

Optical injection locking of BARITT oscillators is investigated. Preliminary experimental results are presented for the first time. A sirmple first-order locking theory gives reasonable agreement with measurements.     

Dynamic Behavior of Pulsed-IMPATT Oscillators

A method of simulating the dynamic behavior of pulsed IMPATT oscillators is presented. It is assumed that the simulation variables change slowly with respect to the RF period so that the quasistatic approximation may be used. A comparison of simulation results with experimental results for an X-band circuit is given.     

Measurement of AM Noise in Pulsed Oscillators and Amplifiers

The noise properties of amplifiers and oscillators are critical in systems applications. This paper describes a system for the measurement of AM noise in amplifiers and oscillators pulsed on for durations on the order of a microsecond or less. Such a system is useful in measuring AM noise in pulsed solid-state microwave devices such as avalanche- and Gunn-diode simplifiers and oscillators, where heat-dissipation limitations sometimes make continuous operation impossible.     

一种可快速锁定的低抖动自偏置锁相环设计

设计了一种可快速锁定、具有固定带宽比和良好抖动性能的自偏置锁相环.采用增加VCO延迟单元输出节点放电时间常数的方法,对VCO进行优化设计,获得良好的抖动性能.基于0.25μm混合信号CMOS工艺进行设计和仿真,在2.5 V电源供电条件下,锁相环的工作频率范围为600～1500MHz,在1250 MHz输出频率的峰峰值抖动为14.3 ps,核心电路功耗为44mW.在不同工艺条件下的仿真结果表明,PLL在不同工艺条件下均具有良好的抖动性能.     

利用微引擎技术实现IP快速交换

微引擎是一种可以实现网络数据高速转发的技术。简单介绍了微引擎的特点和内部结构,并说明了如何利用微引擎技术实现3层以太网交换机中IP包快速转发的方法。     

一种低功耗快速锁定简易锁相式频率合成器

采用0.5 μm CMOS工艺,设计了一种简易锁相式频率合成器。采用“类锁相环”结构,在传统锁相环频率合成器的基础上,去除了电荷泵和低通滤波器。利用鉴频鉴相器的输出结果作为开关信号,控制压控振荡器的工作状态,使压控振荡器的输出信号在第N个周期返回鉴频鉴相器后立即被关断,直到下一个参考时钟周期来临。分析了电路的结构和工作原理,并对每个模块进行了理论分析。该频率合成器能够快速地产生固定的时钟频率,具有结构简单、功耗低、锁定时间短等优点。仿真结果表明,输入参考时钟为4 MHz时,该频率合成器的输出频率为15.96 MHz,功耗为2.96 mW,锁定时间小于1 μs。     

Transmission-Type Injection Locking of GaAs Schottky-Barrier FET Oscillators

Transmission-type injection-locked oscillators equipped with both signal-input and power-output ports are studied. A comparison with traditional reflection-type injection-locked oscillators, in which a signal is injected into the output port of the oscillator, is presented theoretically. It is shown that the Iocking range of transmission types always differs from the reflection type by a factor of G/sub s// G/sub p/ where G/sub s/ represents the maximum stable gain of the two-port oscillator and G/sub p/ represents the square root of the output power ratio of the two ports. Experiments on common-source injection-locked oscillators using GaAs FET chips are described and show that, with transmission types, a 1.8 times wider Iocking range can be obtained than with reflection types. Furthermore, investigation of FM noise for both types of injection revealed lower off-carrier FM noise for transmission types than reflection types, even though the Iocking gain of the transmission types was kept the same as that of reflection types. Thus overall features of transmission-type injection locking were found to be advantageous for FM signal amplification even though there is a minimal power loss at the signal input port.     

Dynamic Switching Response of Semiconductor Ring Lasers to NRZ and RZ Injection Signals

Dynamic response of semiconductor ring lasers (SRLs) to external optical injection with nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) and return-to-zero (RZ) waveforms is investigated using a model including linear and nonlinear mode coupling. The switching characteristics are simulated under various device sizes, injection power levels, and frequency detuning. For NRZ, the switching time reduces with decreasing SRL radius, which has a reasonable agreement with the current experimental results. It is also demonstrated that RZ pulse with duration of several picoseconds can reliably switch 6-mum radius SRL over a detuning range of more than 100 GHz, with the end state self-sustained after switching.     

延迟锁定环路的大步进快速捕获

本文提出一种新的延迟锁定环路的大步进快速捕获方法，主要解决目前尚未很好解决的低信噪比长序列伪随机码的快速捕获问题。文中讨论了在步进快速捕捕获延迟锁定环路的原理与实现，分析了这种环路的平均捕获时间，解扩相关器的输出成分及大步进搜索时的虚警与检测概率。     

感性脉冲电流注入装置的SPICE电路建模

为预测电子设备传导敏感度试验中脉冲电流注入在设备端口产生的干扰强度及波形,建立了感性电流注入装置的SPICE(Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis)电路模型.在将装置电路模块化的基础上,应用传输矩阵计算的方法,从实验数据中提取出各模块的电路参数或方程表达式,并转换为SPICE模型,最后再将各模块组合为完整的装置模型.频域和时域的实验显示,模拟结果和测量结果一致性较好.建立的电路模型可用于设计和优化脉冲电流注入试验.     

Optical Injection Locking of BARITT Oscillators (Comments)

We were interested to read the above short paper, but would like to point out that experimental results on the optical injection locking of IMPATT oscillators have indeed been obtained. Over the last few years, reports of such experiments have appeared in the literature from groups in both Europe and the U.S.A.