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新安江流域水资源管理控制红线措施研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
实行最严格水资源管理制度是实现流域水资源可持续利用,保障经济社会可持续发展的必然要求。在分析和研究新安江流域水资源开发利用现状及其存在问题的基础上,根据太湖流域管理局制订的新安江取水许可总量控制指标,分别从水量管理、水质管理以及水生态管理3个方面提出了符合流域水资源特点的水资源管理"三条红线"保障措施,以期实现新安江流域水资源有效保护和管理。 相似文献
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《水利发展研究》2016,(1)
实行最严格水资源管理制度要求确立水资源开发利用控制、用水效率控制、水功能区限制纳污的"三条红线",严格控制用水总量,全面提高用水效率,推动经济社会发展与水资源水环境承载能力相协调。实践中取水许可管理是落实最严格水资源管理制度特别是用水总量控制的主要手段,但取水许可管理与用水总量控制之间存在时间差,取水许可属于事前管理,用水总量控制属于事后控制,如何实现二者之间的有效结合、将事后控制关口前移,对落实最严格水资源管理制度具有重要的现实意义。以青海省海东市为例,坚持定额管理和总量控制的原则,探索建立实际用水量与取水许可水量之间的关系,确定了与用水总量控制指标相适应的取水许可总量控制指标体系,并引入广义取水许可总量控制指标,将区域全部用水纳入管理范围,可推动"三条红线"落地。 相似文献
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石羊河流域水资源短缺,生态环境脆弱,水资源是制约当地社会经济发展和生态环境改善的主要因素。按照实行最严格水资源管理制度的要求,在调查分析的基础上,对石羊河流域2015、2020和2030不同水平年的水资源进行了供需平衡分析,确定了流域不同水平年各行政区行业取、耗水总量控制指标,以及取水许可控制指标。研究结果对于强化流域水资源管理,提高流域水资源综合效益,促进流域水资源可持续利用和经济社会的可持续发展都具有重要的现实意义。 相似文献
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确定万元GDP取水量定额方法的探索 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
万元GDP取水量是水资源管理的重要宏观指标。本文提出用指数模型预测法和年下降率模型预测法预测城市取水量,并以上海为例,建立了上海市不同行业万元GDP取水量预测模型,计算出上海未来不同水平年万元GDP取水量的预测值。通过与发达国家和城市比较,以及对未来不同水平年取水量估算与上海市供水规划预测成果的对比分析,确定了上海市未来不同水平年、不同行业的万元GDP取水量定额。最后对确定的万元GDP取水量定额进行了评价,说明本文提出的预测、分析方法可以推广应用。 相似文献
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本文提出以区域允许蒸腾蒸发量的控制来实现区域真实节水的技术框架,将节水由原来的只注重取水量的节约扩展到真正耗水量的节约上。该框架以蒸腾蒸发量为控制指标,在不突破流域总可消耗量(蒸腾蒸发量)的基础上,以准天然状态为参考,经由水文模型模拟分别得到流域内各区域允许蒸腾蒸发量、可控和不可控蒸腾蒸发量,并通过作物种植结构调整、减少灌溉水量、保墒等措施对区域可控蒸腾蒸发量调控,实现区域实际蒸腾蒸发量与区域允许蒸腾蒸发量的平衡。最后以河北省馆陶县真实节水为实例,进行了应用研究的尝试。 相似文献
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水温分层作为影响库区水生生态系统的重要因素逐渐成为研究热点。为全面了解叠梁门运行方案改变对取水近区水温-水动力及取水层的影响,进一步优化叠梁门运行调度,本文结合动网格模拟技术对叠梁门运行调度过程进行了模拟,并结合物理模型试验对计算结果进行了验证,分析探讨了水温-水动力耦合作用机理及取水层范围和厚度变化规律等。分析表明:数值模拟方法可行,计算结果可信;分层取水最大流速发生在取水底高程以上15 m左右;相比取水流量,取水高程是影响取水层内流速及水温分布的主要因素;相同边界条件下,随取水水头的增加,上部取水层厚度逐渐增加,下部取水层厚度呈现先增大后减小的现象;取水层厚度与叠梁门顶的流速分布、水温分布及水深有关。 相似文献
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宁夏灌区节水潜力的研究 总被引:13,自引:1,他引:12
通过广义水资源配置模型和平原区水循环模型的有机耦合,分析了宁夏的真实节水潜力——耗水节约量,并建立了宁夏平原区取用水节水与耗水节水二者之间的定量化关系。结果表明,宁夏耗水节水潜力远远小于取用水节水潜力。在宁夏平原区,随着水利用系数的提高,农业取用水量和耗水量不断减少,且减少幅度越来越小。随着水的利用系数的提高,农业取用水节水量和耗水量不断提高,且取用水节水量和耗水节水量的增加幅度越来越小。随着取用水量的减少,耗水量也逐渐减少,但减少幅度越来越小。当取用水达到极值点时,取用水量等于耗水量。随着取用水节水量的提高,耗水节水量也逐渐增加,但增加幅度越来越小,最后趋近于零。 相似文献
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Complying with the demands of drinking water supply whilst minimizing environmental impact poses a great challenge in water management. This study investigates the potential of withdrawal management of drinking water reservoirs to alleviate the disruption of the river continuum by a reservoir dam with respect to temperature and discharge. The aim is the identification of an optimal withdrawal strategy to provide a near‐natural discharge temperature and flow for the downstream river without jeopardizing drinking water production. First, we identify the applicability of new withdrawal regimes for raw water security and downstream river demands. Second, we search for an ideal withdrawal regime in scenario simulations using a numerical reservoir model (“General Lake Model”). The scenarios on a drinking water reservoir in Germany demonstrate that we are able to derive an optimized reservoir management. The numerical model is provided for operators as a simple and efficient tool for optimizing the withdrawal strategy within reservoir management. 相似文献
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Shengwei Ma Stavros C. Kassinos Despo Fatta Kassinos Evaggelos Akylas 《Lakes & Reservoirs: Research and Management》2008,13(1):51-61
Thermal stratification and its seasonal variations in Kouris Dam in Cyprus were simulated, and the impact of five different water withdrawal schemes was studied, using the 2‐D, laterally averaged CE‐QUAL‐W2 reservoir model. Based on the model simulations, it was found that the thermal stratification of the reservoir is significant for most of the year. Most importantly, a complete mixing of the water column, triggered by seasonal variations in meteorological conditions, occurs in late‐January. Predicted thermal stratification and water temperature profiles in the reservoir are noticeably affected by water withdrawal schemes. It was found that deep‐water withdrawals tend to facilitate heat transfer in the water column and deepen the water mixing layer (epilimnion), especially from September to the following January. These study results suggest that it is prudent for Kouris Dam to integrate selective water withdrawal schemes into reservoir management by using the water withdrawal effects on thermal stratification for different water quality management strategies. 相似文献
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The Guanzhong Plain, as an important traditional agricultural area, is suffering from high frequency droughts and a trend towards more serious drought. In this paper, eight factors, precipitation, evapotranspiration, surface water availability, depth to groundwater, well yield capacity, slope, potential water storage of soil, and GDP from agriculture, are integrated into an index to represent drought vulnerability based on the overlay and index method. In this approach, according to the internal connections between factors, precipitation and evapotranspiration are integrated into the moisture index, and depth to groundwater and well yield capacity are integrated into groundwater availability. To improve the rationality and accuracy, normalization is employed to assign rating values, and the analytic hierarchy process is introduced into the weighting scheme. Two local drought monitoring datasets endorses the results of the model. The map removal sensitivity analysis indicates the vulnerability index has low sensitivity in removing each layer. The single-parameter sensitivity analysis indicates the major contribution to the vulnerability index is meteorology followed by groundwater availability and surface water availability. The vulnerability map shows the low vulnerability coincides roughly with irrigation districts on the terraces and floodplains. The northwest tableland generally has moderate vulnerability, due largely to inefficient groundwater withdrawal. The high vulnerability is concentrated at the peripheries of the plain, where agriculture is generally rain-fed without irrigation and groundwater support, and land is rugged with high slopes. 相似文献
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澜沧江-湄公河流域跨境水量-水能-生态互馈关系模拟 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
澜沧江-湄公河是亚洲的重要国际河流,其水量-水能-生态之间的相互作用关系是流域各国进行利益博弈的重要基础。本文选取上游澜沧江距离出境断面最近(对下游影响最大)的3座水电站年发电量代表水能要素,定义了生态改变系数代表河流生态水文要素,另外用灌溉引水集中的流域下游5国农业用水代表水量要素,通过GAMS建模优化发电调度和生态流量、通过WEAP模型模拟下游5国农业供水量,进而进行水量-水能-生态互馈关系的分析。结果表明,水能与生态之间存在显著的竞争关系,与下游国家总体的农业供水量呈协同关系。在不同的取水情景下,各国的水量-水能-生态互馈关系呈现一定差异,主要表现在农业供水量受水库发电量的影响程度不同,且中国水库适当提高发电量有利于下游国家的农业灌溉,但对生态流量有不利影响,需对流域调控作进一步研究。 相似文献