一种APON上行带宽分配方案

文中介绍了APOW（ATM无源光网络）,在此基础上提出了APON上行带宽动态分配的一种方案--“最小分配”方案：即光线路终端（OLT）在分配上行带宽时,首先满足各光网络单元（ONU）的基本带宽需求,以保证电话等实时业务的传输;同时又以特定的算法使ONU中的上行发送缓冲队列最短。最后,使用仿真手段对本方案与“平均分配”方案进行了性能比较。“最小分配”方案的平均信元接入时延、ONU上发缓冲区尺寸、上行带宽使用效率和信元丢失率等性能指标均优于“平均分配”方案。     

VBR MPEG-2业务统计复用特性的研究

VBR MPEG－2业务是ATM网络中的重要视频业务类型。本文建立了两个流体流视频复用模型，对其信元丢失率和传输延时特性进行了定性分析，得到了一些重要结论。通过对VBR MPEG－2业务进行复用仿真，验证了这些结论，并对业务源参数、复用缓冲器容量、业务强度与信元丢失率、传输延时特性之间的关系进行了分析。对ATM交换机和复用器的设计与性能分析具有一定指导意义。     

ABR流量控制-一种神经网络方法

本文提出ATM网络中ABR业务流量控制的一种基于神经网络方法。利用神经网络对缓冲队列的长度及其变化和相应可能的信元丢失率进行预测,通过自适应地调整业务源端的发送速率,从而更准确地确定RM信元中相应域的显式速率值。同传统静态反馈方法相比,本方法不仅提高了网络资源利用率,而且改善了信元丢失率。另外,对在具有CBR背景业务情况下本方法的性能也进行了讨论,仿真结果证明了神经网络方法的有效性。     

ATM网络中CBR业务连接允许控制机制

该文提出了一种基于有限容量缓冲区下CBR业务信元丢失率和最小速率替换的线性近似连接允许控制机制，与原有的CAC机制相比，该文的CAC机制存在两个方面的改进：一方面，使用更合理、精确的CLR表达式，从而能够作出更为准确的连接允许判断：另一方面，能够提供服务质量服务。     

一种基于PLL的CBR业务时钟恢复方案

信元在 ATM 网内传输时,由于网内缓存的存在,造成了信元延时变化。信元延时变化对基于锁相环(PLL)的恒定比特率业务时钟的恢复有很大影响,即时钟的抖动和漂移比较明显。从而使这种基于 PLL 的CBR 业务时钟恢复方案在某些场合不能应用。本文提出了一种基于 PLL 的时钟恢复新方案,该方案可以明显地降低由于信元延时变化而造成的 CBR 业务时钟的抖动和漂移,同时不增加缓存的容量。     

一种基于差分技术的CBR业务时钟自适应恢复算法与方案

信元在ATM网内传输时,由于网内缓存的存在,造成了信元延时抖动。信元延时抖动对基于PLL的恒定比特率业务时钟的自适应恢复有很大影响,即时钟的抖动/漂移比较明显。这使得这种基于PLL的CBR业务时钟恢复方案在某些场合不能应用。本文提出了一种基于差分技术的时钟自适应恢复新方案,该方案可以明显地降低由于信元延时抖动而造成的CBR业务时钟的抖动和漂移,同时不增加缓存的容量。     

含优先级机制的ATM Mux中的信元丢失率分析

含丢失优先级机制的ATM Mux中的信元丢失率分析是ATM网络流量控制研究中的一个重要问题.本文用两状态的MMDP近似实际输入过程,并采用流体流技术对不同优先级信元在ATM Mux中的丢失率进行了分析,得到了各类信元的丢失率与缓冲容量之间关系的解析式.模拟文验表明该方法足够精确,完全可以满足实际应用的需要.     

ATM中突发业务的缓存性能分析

主要讨论突发业务情况下的ATM缓存的排队性能.首先采用状态转移概率进行模型分析,然后再给出信元丢失率和信元延时的分布.     

APON的帧结构和MAC协议设计及其性能分析

本文参照以ATM为基础的无源光网络(APON)的G.983建议,提出了一种新的传输帧结构和媒质接入控制(MAC)协议.传输帧长选为125μs,这有利于STM业务的接入.考虑到话音业务对时延敏感并且传输速率较低的特点,MAC协议对话音业务实行固定带宽分配.对其它类型的业务则采用基于预留的动态带宽分配方案.通过建模仿真分析了协议的信元时延(CD)和信元时延变化(CDV)特性.     

突发业务环境下CBR业务性能的实验分析

CBR业务是一类极为重要的实时业务,能否有效地传递这类业务关系到从现有网络向ATM的过渡,因此CBR业务的服务质量是一个值得研究的重要课题。本文利用计算机仿真的方法,全面地分析了突发业务环境下,影响CBR业务服务质量的各种因素,指出复接器占有率、缓冲区容量、背景强度、背景流的自相关特征对CBR业务的时延及时延抖动有很大的影响,尤其是背景流具有长时相关性时,CBR业务的服务质量将严重恶化,必须设法加以控制。     

In-service monitoring for cell loss quality of service violationsin ATM networks

A new method for in-service cell loss ratio (CLR) QoS estimation for asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks has been developed. For a typical CLR, a large number of cells must be observed before statistically meaningful results can be achieved. These results may be obsolete resulting in ineffective network management reactions. For a variety of arrival processes, many analyses have shown there exists a relationship between the logarithm of the cell loss probability and buffer size. For models that do not possess long-range dependence, this relationship is often linear. On the other hand, for the fractional Brownian motion model that captures long-range dependent traffic behavior, this relationship has a polynomial form. The proposed method uses these relationships and observations of cell loss for several small pseudo-buffers to characterize the behavior of the actual system. Specifically, a real-time technique to dynamically detect the failure of meeting a cell loss quality of service (QoS) objective has been developed. The method requires a short observation period and is suitable for in-service monitoring of CLR QoS. Simulation studies show the effectiveness of this method for both modeled traffic and measured network trace data     

Estimation of the cell loss ratio in ATM networks with a fuzzysystem and application to measurement-based call admission control

An important parameter in asynchronous transfer model (ATM)-based network design and management is the cell loss ratio (CLR) in ATM multiplexers. It is a key parameter to many vital functions in the network such as call admission control (CAC), bandwidth allocation, etc. However, the CLR depends usually on many unknown and unpredictable traffic parameters such as input traffic correlations. In this paper, we propose a simple and robust fuzzy-based algorithm to predict the CLR in large-sized systems based on both a small amount of information from small-sized systems, and the asymptotic behavior for very large systems. Unlike the model-based approaches, our approximation avoids the problem of assuming any traffic parameters or arrival process. This algorithm is used with real-time traffic measurement to propose an effective measurement-based call admission control framework for ATM networks     

无线ATM通信网的定时信息恢复技术研究

本文对无线ＡＴＭ通信网ＣＢＲ业务定时信息的恢复技术进行了研究，提出了异步剩余时间标签（ＡＲＴＳ）技术，并通过码速调整改善收端的ＣＢＲ业务时钟性能，给出了实现方案，同时提出采用ＡＲＴＳＦＩＦＯ吸收定时信息的延时抖动，由于无线ＡＴＭ通信网的误码率较大，其信元丢失率较高，本文在分析ＲＴＳ的多重码速调整特性基础上，还提出了利用收到相邻ＡＲＴＳ之间的差值规律来估计丢失的ＡＲＴＳ的新方法，理论计算和模拟结果表     

Transport of IP controlled-load service over ATM networks

A hot topic in the research community is the interworking of integrated IP services, defined by the IETF, with ATM, a technology designed for the transport of multimedia traffic. In particular, the IETF recommends the ATM CBR, nrt-VBR, and ABR service classes for the transport of controlled-load service (CLS) over ATM. In this work the first two alternatives are examined and compared, in order to determine which is the most convenient for CLS. The comparison is carried out in terms of QoS and amount of buffering required at the IP/ATM routers. These performance parameters strongly depend on the parameters of the CLS token bucket shaper, that is, the token bucket depth and token bucket input buffer capacity. A nrt-VBR connection is able to offer a given performance level over a range of values of the token bucket parameters wider than that permitted by a CBR connection. Moreover, in all the examined cases the nrt-VBR connection needs a relatively small ATM buffer at the IP/ATM routers. Since, in order to guarantee acceptable performance, some CLS requests must be rejected, the utilization of the ATM link can be relatively low; this drawback can be overcome by serving the rejected CLS requests as classic best-effort traffic     

CELL LOSS QUALITY OF SERVICE IN AN INTEGRATED TRAFFIC ATM NETWORK

This paper explores and evaluates several aspects of quality of service (QOS) in an integrated traffic ATM network. Specifically, we consider the relationships between service class definitions, usage parameter control (UPC) or policing of customer traffic, network resource allocation mechanisms, and specific network conditions under which realistic QOS limits on cell loss ratio (CLR) can be met. Traffic consists of a mixture of voice, video, image and data divided into two service classes for UPC and network resource allocation. The block oriented network simulator (BONeS) tool is used for performance evaluations. Limitations associated with evaluating very low CLR values (e.g. 10⁻⁸ and 10⁻⁶) via simulation are overcome by a hybrid simulation and extrapolation technique. It is found that these stringent QOS limits on CLR can be met for most traffic with the techniques used here, reasonable backbone trunk loads (75 per cent) and reasonable buffer sizes (200–250 cell buffers per queue). However, meeting similar limits for extremely bursty traffic (such as our image traffic model) would require extra care in network design and operation, including judicious segregation of traffic.     

ATM网络异种复用业务信元丢失率快速估计的新算法

ＡＴＭ网络信元丢失率（ＣＬＲ）的估计是呼叫接入和流量控制的关键技术,基于信元丢失机制的分析,本文了一种改进的简单业务模型,并进而得到一种新的算法,能够对异种混合业务复用的ＡＴＭ网络进行快速的ＣＬＲ估计,该算法处理速度快,能够做到呼叫的实时响应,模型采用国际规范的标准参数构造,可以直接应用于实际操作,仿真结果表明,算法的精度,运算复杂度和算法鲁棒性都比较理想,具有较高的实用价值。     

Design and evaluation of an efficient traffic control scheme for integrated voice,video, and data over asynchronous transfer mode networks: Explicit allowed rate algorithm

Asychronous transfer mode (ATM) networks are high‐speed networks with guaranteed quality of service. The main cause of congestion in ATM networks is over utilization of physical bandwidth. Unlike constant bit‐rate (CBR) traffic, the bandwidth reserved by variable bit‐rate (VBR) traffic is not fully utilized at all instances. Hence, this unused bandwidth is allocated to available bit‐rate (ABR) traffic. As the bandwidth used by VBR traffic changes, available bandwidth for ABR traffic varies; i.e., available bandwidth for ABR traffic is inversely proportional to the bandwidth used by the VBR traffic. Based on this fact, a rate‐based congestion control algorithm, Explicit Allowed Rate Algorithm (EARA), is presented in this paper. EARA is compared with Proportional Rate Control Algorithm (PRCA) and Explicit Rate Indication Congestion Avoidance Algorithm (ERICA), in both LAN and WAN environments. Simulations of all three algorithms are conducted under both congestion and fairness configurations with simultaneous generation of CBR, rt‐VBR, nrt‐VBR and ABR traffic. The results show that, with very small over‐head on the switch, EARA significantly decreases the required buffer space and improves the network throughput. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS FOR ATM SWITCHING OF MIXED CONTINUOUS-BIT-RATE AND BURSTY TRAFFIC WITH SMOOTHING FUNCTION

Traditional packet switching networks have typically employed window-based congestion control schemes in order to regulate traffic flow. In ATM networks, the high speed of the communication links and the varied nature of the carried traffic make such schemes inappropriate. Therefore, simpler and more efficient schemes have to be proposed to improve the congestion control for ATM switching. This paper presents an exact performance analysis of ATM switching whose inputs consist of Continuous-Bit-Rate(CBR) and bursty traffic. The CBR traffic and bursty traffic are described by Bernoulli process and the Interrupted Bernoulli Process(IBP), respectively. Bursty traffic smoothing mechanism is analyzed. With the use of a recursive algorithm, the cell loss probability and the average delay for ATM switching of mixed CBR and bursty traffic are exactly calculated. Traffic smoothing could be implemented at a slower peak rate keeping the average rate constant or decreasing the average bursty length. Both numerical a