锗对重掺硼直拉硅中氧沉淀的影响

通过单步长时间退火(650～1150℃/64h)和低高两步退火(650℃/16h 1000℃/16h和800℃/4～128h 1000℃/16h),研究锗对重掺硼硅(HB-Si)中氧沉淀的影响.实验结果表明,经过退火后,掺锗的重掺硼硅中与氧沉淀相关的体微缺陷密度要远远低于一般的重掺硼硅,这表明锗的掺人抑制了重掺硼硅中氧沉淀的生成,并对相关的机制做了初步探讨.     

锗对重掺硼直拉硅中氧沉淀的影响

通过单步长时间退火(650～1150℃/64h)和低高两步退火(650℃/16h+1000℃/16h和800℃/4～128h+1000℃/16h),研究锗对重掺硼硅(HB-Si)中氧沉淀的影响.实验结果表明,经过退火后,掺锗的重掺硼硅中与氧沉淀相关的体微缺陷密度要远远低于一般的重掺硼硅,这表明锗的掺人抑制了重掺硼硅中氧沉淀的生成,并对相关的机制做了初步探讨.     

氮对重掺锑直拉硅中氧沉淀的影响

通过在不同条件下退火,研究氮杂质对重掺锑硅(HSb-Si)中氧沉淀的影响.实验结果表明,在高温单步退火(1000～1150℃)和低高两步退火(650℃+1050℃)后,掺氮HSb-Si中与氧沉淀相关的体微缺陷的密度都要远远高于一般的HSb-Si.这说明在HSb-Si中,氮能分别在高温和低温下促进氧沉淀的生成.因此,可以认为与轻掺直拉硅一样,在HSb-Si中,氮氧复合体同样能够生成,因而促进了氧沉淀的形核.实验结果还表明氮的掺入不影响HSb硅中氧沉淀的延迟行为.     

氮对重掺锑直拉硅中氧沉淀的影响

通过在不同条件下退火,研究氮杂质对重掺锑硅(HSb- Si)中氧沉淀的影响.实验结果表明,在高温单步退火(10 0 0～115 0℃)和低高两步退火(6 5 0℃+10 5 0℃)后,掺氮HSb- Si中与氧沉淀相关的体微缺陷的密度都要远远高于一般的HSb- Si.这说明在HSb- Si中,氮能分别在高温和低温下促进氧沉淀的生成.因此,可以认为与轻掺直拉硅一样,在HSb- Si中,氮氧复合体同样能够生成,因而促进了氧沉淀的形核.实验结果还表明氮的掺入不影响HSb硅中氧沉淀的延迟行为.     

重掺杂直拉硅单晶氧沉淀及其诱生二次缺陷

研究了重掺杂直拉硅单晶中掺杂元素硼、磷、砷、锑对氧沉淀及其诱生二次缺陷行为的影响.实验结果表明:重掺p型(硼)硅片氧沉淀被促进,氧沉淀密度高但无诱生二次缺陷;重掺n型(磷、砷、锑)硅片氧沉淀受抑制,氧沉淀密度低却诱生出层错;不同掺杂元素及浓度对重掺n型硅片氧沉淀抑制程度不同,并对氧沉淀诱生层错的形态产生影响.讨论了重掺硅单晶中掺杂元素影响氧沉淀及其诱生二次缺陷的机理,并利用掺杂元素-本征点缺陷作用模型和原子半径效应模型对实验结果进行了解释.     

重掺杂直拉硅单晶氧沉淀及其诱生二次缺陷

研究了重掺杂直拉硅单晶中掺杂元素硼、磷、砷、锑对氧沉淀及其诱生二次缺陷行为的影响 .实验结果表明 :重掺p型 (硼 )硅片氧沉淀被促进 ,氧沉淀密度高但无诱生二次缺陷 ;重掺n型 (磷、砷、锑 )硅片氧沉淀受抑制 ,氧沉淀密度低却诱生出层错 ;不同掺杂元素及浓度对重掺n型硅片氧沉淀抑制程度不同 ,并对氧沉淀诱生层错的形态产生影响 .讨论了重掺硅单晶中掺杂元素影响氧沉淀及其诱生二次缺陷的机理 ,并利用掺杂元素 本征点缺陷作用模型和原子半径效应模型对实验结果进行了解释 .     

大直径直拉硅中氮对原生氧沉淀的影响

研究了在大直径直拉硅单晶中掺氮 (N )对原生氧沉淀的影响 .通过高温一步退火 (10 5 0℃ )和低 -高温两步退火 (80 0℃ +10 5 0℃ )发现在掺 N直拉 (NCZ)硅中氧沉淀的行为与一般直拉 (CZ)硅是大不相同的 ,经过高温一步退火后 ,在氧化诱生层错环 (OSF- ring)区氧沉淀的量要小于空洞型缺陷 (voids)区 ,而经过低 -高温两步退火后 ,OSF-ring区的氧沉淀量要远远大于 voids区 .由此可得 ,在晶体生长过程中 ,N通过改变硅晶体中空位的浓度及其分布从而改变原生氧沉淀的尺寸和分布 .并在此基础上讨论了在大直径 NCZ硅中掺 N影响原生氧沉淀的机理 .     

大直径直拉硅中氮对原生氧沉淀的影响

研究了在大直径直拉硅单晶中掺氮(N)对原生氧沉淀的影响.通过高温一步退火(1050℃)和低-高温两步退火(800℃+1050℃)发现在掺N直拉(NCZ)硅中氧沉淀的行为与一般直拉(CZ)硅是大不相同的,经过高温一步退火后,在氧化诱生层错环(OSF-ring)区氧沉淀的量要小于空洞型缺陷(voids)区,而经过低-高温两步退火后,OSF-ring区的氧沉淀量要远远大于voids区.由此可得,在晶体生长过程中,N通过改变硅晶体中空位的浓度及其分布从而改变原生氧沉淀的尺寸和分布.并在此基础上讨论了在大直径NCZ硅中掺N影响原生氧沉淀的机理.     

Ramping热退火直拉重掺锑硅衬底片的增强氧沉淀

本文报道了一种改进本征吸杂技术——低温短时热退火工艺,以增强本征吸杂效果．在本征吸杂工艺的低温热退火中,用连续的线性缓慢升温（Ｒａｍｐｉｎｇ）退火替代常规的长时间低温恒温退火,应用于直拉（ＣＺ）重掺Ｎ型硅衬底片,明显增加了氧沉淀等体微缺陷密度,这些高密度氧沉淀物在随后ＩＣ器件热工艺中继续长大,成为稳定的高效本征吸杂中心．从经典的成核沉淀理论,讨论了Ｒａｍｐｉｎｇ热退火重掺硅衬底片增强氧沉淀机理．     

重掺硅中氧的测定

研究了重掺硅中氧的测定,实验首先选用轻掺(ρ＞10Ω@cm)样品分别用气体熔化分析法(GFA法)和傅里叶变换红外法(FTIR法)测氧,而后用GFA法测定了重掺锑、砷、硼单晶的氧浓度.实验发现用GFA法和FTIR法测氧,二者的结果成很好的线性关系,为便于比较可将重掺硅在GFA法下的测定结果转换为FTIR法下的测定结果,还对影响GFA法测定结果的样品制取、样品处理、测试参数选择等方面进行了探讨.     

p型硅片表面氧化雾缺陷的吸除

利用快中子辐照在p型硅片中产生辐照缺陷,利用其作为热处理时硅中氧沉淀的成核中心,在硅片表面层形成洁净区和在体内形成吸杂区,能有效地抑制硅片表面氧化雾缺陷的形成.提出了较为实用的退火工艺和简单的解释.     

Oxygen precipitates and the formation of thermal donors in silicon

It is established by infrared spectroscopy and Hall measurements that the oxygen precipitates formed during preliminary high-temperature treatment suppress the generation of thermal donors in Si grown either by the Czochralski method or by applying a magnetic field to a melt. Possible mechanisms for the influence of precipitation on the formation of thermal donors are proposed. Fiz. Tekh. Poluprovodn. 32, 712–713 (June 1998)     

Kinetics of structural and phase transformations in thin SiO<Subscript>x</Subscript> films in the course of a rapid thermal annealing

Infrared spectroscopy and analysis of photoluminescence spectra have been used to study variations in the composition of the oxide phase in a SiO_x film and the precipitation of the Si phase in the course of a rapid thermal annealing for 1–40 s at temperatures of 500–1000°C. Kinetics of phase segregation has been observed for the first time at temperatures of 600–700°C: an increase in the amount of precipitated silicon as the annealing duration increases followed by an eventual leveling off. The phase separation is brought to completion in a time as short as 1 s at temperatures higher than 900°C. The diffusion coefficient is estimated in the context of a model of the diffusion-controlled formation of Si nanoparticles. The obtained values of the diffusion coefficient exceed, by five to ten orders of magnitude, those of the silicon diffusion coefficients in SiO₂ and Si and are comparable to the diffusion coefficients of the oxygen contained in these structures. It is assumed that oxygen mobility forms the basis for the mechanism of structural and phase transformations in the SiO_x layers and for the formation of Si nanoparticles in the course of annealing.     

Impact of Transition-Metal Contamination on Oxygen Precipitation in Czochralski Silicon Under Rapid Thermal Processing

研究了快速热处理工艺下直拉单晶硅中过渡族金属铜、镍对内吸杂工艺中氧沉淀形成规律的影响.实验结果表明:在快速热处理工艺下,间隙铜对氧沉淀几乎没有影响,铜沉淀却能显著地促进氧沉淀的形成;而间隙镍或镍沉淀对氧沉淀的形成都没有影响.基于实验结果并结合氧沉淀的形核理论,对金属铜、镍对氧沉淀的影响机理进行了解释.     

快速热处理工艺下直拉单晶硅中铜、镍对氧沉淀的影响

研究了快速热处理工艺下直拉单晶硅中过渡族金属铜、镍对内吸杂工艺中氧沉淀形成规律的影响.实验结果表明:在快速热处理工艺下,间隙铜对氧沉淀几乎没有影响,铜沉淀却能显著地促进氧沉淀的形成;而间隙镍或镍沉淀对氧沉淀的形成都没有影响.基于实验结果并结合氧沉淀的形核理论,对金属铜、镍对氧沉淀的影响机理进行了解释.     

Crystallization and Grain Growth Kinetics for Precipitation‐Based Ceramics: A Case Study on Amorphous Ceria Thin Films from Spray Pyrolysis

The introductory part reviews the impact of thin film fabrication, precipitation versus vacuum‐based methods, on the initial defect state of the material and microstructure evolution to amorphous, biphasic amorphous‐nanocrystalline, and fully nanocrystalline metal oxides. In this study, general rules for the kinetics of nucleation, crystallization, and grain growth of a pure single‐phase metal oxide thin film made by a precipitation‐based technique from a precursor with one single organic solvent are discussed. For this a complete case study on the isothermal and non‐isothermal microstructure evolution of dense amorphous ceria thin films fabricated by spray pyrolysis is conducted. A general model is established and comparison of these thin film microstructure evolution to kinetics of classical glass‐ceramics or metallic glasses is presented. Knowledge on thermal microstructure evolution of originally amorphous precipitation‐based metal oxide thin films allows for their introduction and distinctive microstructure engineering in devices‐based on microelectromechanical (MEMS) technology such as solar cells, capacitors, sensors, micro‐solid oxide fuel cells, or oxygen separation membranes on Si‐chips.     

SIMOX材料顶层硅膜中残余氧的行为

利用光致发光谱 (PL)和二次离子质谱 (SIMS)检测了不同退火条件下处理的 SIMOX材料的顶层硅膜 .实验结果显示 ,SIMOX顶层硅膜的 PL 谱有三个峰 :它们是能量为 1.10 e V的 a峰、能量为 0 .77e V的 b峰和能量为0 .75 e V的 c峰 .与 RBS谱相比 ,发现 a峰峰高及 b/ a峰值比是衡量顶层硅膜单晶完整性的标度 .谱峰 b起源于SIMOX材料顶层硅膜中残余氧 ,起施主作用 .SIMS测试结果显示 ,谱峰 c来源于 SIMOX材料顶层硅膜中的碳和氮 .     

Oxygen stability, diffusion, and precipitation in SiC: Implications for thin-film oxidation

We report a set of first-principles calculations of oxygen stability, diffusion, and precipitation in cubic SiC. The calculations show that i) oxygen has a very low solubility in SiC which explains why it is not incorporated in large quantities during growth. ii) The atomic-scale mechanisms of the nucleation and growth of SiO₂ precipitates in cubic SiC proceed via the formation of a three-oxygen cluster analogous to the well-known “thermal donor” in Si. Emission of a CO molecule converts it into SiO₂-like precipitate that can grow further. We suggest that similar processes can account for the observed CO emission during SiC oxidation and the trapping of C atoms at the SiC-SiO₂ interface. iii) The above mechanisms for SiO₂ precipitation remain practically the same under different doping conditions. This suggests that no difference in SiC-SiO₂ interfaces should be observed under n- or p-type substrate doping.     

直拉单晶硅中氧沉淀的高温消融和再生长

重点研究了直拉(CZ)硅中氧沉淀在快速热处理(RTP)和常规炉退火过程中的高温消融以及再生长行为.实验发现,RTP是一种快速消融氧沉淀的有效方式,比常规炉退火消融氧沉淀更加显著.硅片经RTP消融处理后,在氧沉淀再生长退火过程中,硅中体微缺陷(BMD)的密度显著增加,BMD的平均尺寸略有增加;而经过常规炉退火消融处理后,在后续退火过程中,BMD的密度变化不大,但BMD的尺寸明显增大.氧沉淀消融处理后,后续退火的温度越高,氧沉淀的再生长越快.