Nonclassical constitutive model involving void evolution of casting magnesium alloy

The void evolution equation and the elastoplastic constitutive model of casting magnesium alloy were investigated. The void evolution equation consists of the void growth and the void nucleation equations. The void growth equation was obtained based on the continuous supposition of the material matrix, and the void nucleation equation was derived by assuming that the void nucleation follows a normal distribution. A softening function related to the void evolution was given. After the softening function was embedded to a nonclassical elastoplastic constitutive equation, a constitutive model involving void evolution was obtained. The numerical algorithm and the finite element procedure related to the constitutive model were developed and applied to the analysis of the distributions of the stress and the porosity of the notched cylindrical specimens of casting magnesium alloy ZL305. The computed results show satisfactory agreement with the experimental data.     

Constitutive model for casting magnesium alloy involving spherical void evolution

Casting magnesium alloys are highly heterogeneous materials inevitably containing numerous voids.These voids will evolve during material deformation and markedly affect material behaviors,so it is important to investigate the equation of the void evolution and the constitutive relation involving the void evolution.By assuming the voids in casting magnesium alloys were spherical,the growth equation of the voids was obtained from the incompressibility and continuity conditions of material matrix. Through c...     

Effect of void nucleation and growth on forming limit diagrams of textured aluminum alloy sheets

A numerical code has been developed to calculate Forming Limit Diagrams (FLDs) of textured aluminum alloy sheets. This code is based on the Marciniak-Kuczynski (M-K) model, but allows for void nucleation and growth so that limit strains and fracture strains can be predicted. The strain induced void nucleation model was employed together with the Cocks and Ashby’s void growth model. The influences of initial texture, texture evolution, and void nucleation and growth during deformation on the FLDs of an Al-Mg alloy were all investigated. Satisfactory agreement was obtained between the predictions and measured data, It was also shown that the introduction of void damage into the old M-K model can lead to more reasonable and accurate predictions.     

多向锻造对变形镁合金AZ31组织和力学性能的影响

文章采用不同锻造工艺对电磁连铸变形镁合金AZ31铸锭进行了多向锻造研究。结果表明,通过大变形的多向锻造后,变形镁合金AZ31可以得到有效细化,多向锻造有利于变形镁合金发生再结晶,锻造后变形镁合金AZ31最终得到均匀细小的等轴晶组织。工艺3得到最好的综合性能,锻造后变形镁合金AZ31硬度和抗拉强度分别提高了22.5%和33.5%,延伸率也有所提高。多向锻造后,室温拉伸试样的断口形貌出现大量的韧窝,表现为剪切断裂为主的韧性断裂。     

镁合金热变形的研究现状

综述了镁合金热变形的研究现状，比较系统地介绍了各种塑性变形工艺（挤压、轧制、冲版等）和热处理工艺对镁合金微观组织及力学性能的影响。通过变形工艺与热处理工艺相结合，可以获得高强度、良好延展性和更多样化性能的镁合金结构材料，因此变形镁合金有望成为本世纪重要的轻金属结构材料。     

Recrystallization behaviour of fine-grained magnesium alloy after hot deformation

Annealing behaviors of hot-deformed magnesium alloy AZ31 were studied at temperatures from 300 to 673 K by optical and SEM/EBSD metallographic observation. Temperature dependence of the average grain size（D） is categorized into three temperature regions, i.e. an incubation period for grain growth, rapid grain coarsening, and normal grain growth. The number of fine grains per unit area, however, is reduced remarkably even in incubation period. This leads to grain coarsening taking place continuously in the whole temperature regions. In contrast, the deformation texture scarcely changes even after full annealing at high temperatures. It is concluded that the annealing processes operating in hot-deformed magnesium alloy with continuous dynamic recrystallized grain structures can be mainly controlled by grain coarsening accompanied with no texture change, that is, continuous static recrystallization.     

Tensile fracture of as-cast and hot rolled Mg-Zn-Y alloy with long-period stacking phase

An experimental Mg97Zn1Y2(molar fraction,%)alloy was produced by rolling the as-cast alloy.The microstructure of the alloy is composed of theα-Mg(also marked as 2H-Mg with reference to long-period stacking structure according to hexagonal close packed structure)and long-period stacking(LPS)phase.Tensile tests of Mg97Zn1Y2 alloy in comparison with pure Mg were conducted.The fracture morphologies of the tensile specimens were characterized and the microstructures near fracture surface were observed.The results show that the rolled Mg97Zn1Y2 alloy shows a mixed fracture mode including dimples indicating a ductile fracture pattern and a small fraction of cleavage planes indicating a brittle fracture pattern,which is different from the single brittle fracture of the as-cast alloy.In addition,the plastic deformation is mainly from dislocations induced strain with small strengthening effect during plastic deformation in the as-cast Mg97Zn1Y2 alloy,and the strain hardening rate is similar to that of the as-cast pure magnesium.The deformation mechanism of Mg97Zn1Y2 alloy is different from that of the pure magnesium according to a metallographical observation that whether twins are found or not.The strengthening effect hardly exists in the rolled Mg97Zn1Y2 alloy under the same dislocations induced strain,which is different from that of the as-cast alloy with moderate strengthening effect.     

异种材料搅拌摩擦焊接头特点与脆性本征研究

对镁合金与铝合金进行了搅拌摩擦焊连接试验.从接头金相形貌中可以看出,铝合金与镁合金的晶粒以河流状汇合的方式充分交织在一起,其排布具有明显的梯度特征.当这种混合的交织状态过渡到热机械影响区时可以发现,随着速度梯度的变化,混合的均匀程度明显减弱.接头附近存在大量的脆性金属间化合物,导致力学性能显著下降.从接头断口的扫描电镜形貌可以看出,单侧启裂的拉伸断口一侧出现少量韧窝带和大量的变形带断裂特征.     

铝合金及其复合材料在超塑变形过程中的正电子寿命谱

测量了２０２４Ａｌ及其复合材料超塑变形到不同应变量时的正电子寿命谱,讨论了缺陷数量随应变量的变化规律及缺陷类型的相互转化规律,同时也讨论了铝合金及其复合材料超塑变形过程中空洞形核机制,控制空洞长大的因素及微观缺陷对超塑性影响。结果表明;２０２４Ａｌ合金中的缺陷数量无增加,当延伸率达到８０％后显著降低;变形过程中晶格缺陷从变形初期的空位对或位错转变为变形后期的单伫位或位错,并且空洞的尺寸也在随变形量     

Anisotropy and Deformation Mechanisms of As-Extruded Mg-3Zn-1Y Magnesium Alloy Under High Strain RatesEI北大核心CSCD

As a very important design principle, the dynamic properties of materials attracted extensive attention in resent years and a bunch of works have been done concerning with the materials deformation behaviors under high strain rates. However, the dynamic behaviors of magnesium alloys are not through understood, especially the rare earth based magnesium alloys. In order to investigate the dynamic and anisotropic behavior under high strain rates deformation of as-extruded Mg-3Zn-1Y magnesium alloy, the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) apparatus was used to testing the true stress-true strain curves under the high strain rates of 1000, 1500 and 2200 s(-1) of as-extruded Mg-3Zn-1Y magnesium alloy. The OM and SEM were used to analysis the micorstructure evolution and fracture surface morphology of the alloy. The true reason behind the anisotropic phenomenon was revealed based on the deformation mechanism of highly basal-textured magnesium alloy. The results demonstrate that the as-extruded Mg-3Zn-1Y magnesium alloy exhibits pronounced anisotropy during compression according to the loading direction. The anisotropy of the as-extruded Mg-3Zn-1Y magnesium alloy are arised from the variety of the deformation mechanisms. When the loading direction is along extrusion direction, the predominant deformation mode changes from extension twinning at a lower strain to prismatic slip at a higher strain. While compressed along extrusion radial direction (ERD), the predominant deformation mode changes from contraction twinning to a coordination of basal and second order pyramidal slip with the increasing of strain.     

AZ31镁合金压缩变形微观织构演变规律

采用电子背散射衍射(EBSD)原位跟踪实验方法研究了AZ31镁合金压缩变形微观织构演变规律。在温度为170℃条件下,研究了AZ31镁合金轧制板材经过3次连续真空压缩(变形量分别为11%、17%和23%)时,其相同观察区域的微观织构演变。研究结果表明,AZ31镁合金轧制板材的微观织构为典型的(0001)基面织构。当温度为170℃、变形量为11%时,晶粒取向发生显著改变,大部分晶粒都发生了完全孪生,只有少数发生部分孪生,原始的基面轧制织构大幅减弱,孪生变体符合60°/1010和86.3°/1210取向关系。随着变形量的增加,滑移开始启动,孪晶晶界减少,织构变化不明显。压缩变形过程微观织构演变机理主要以拉伸孪生为主,基本上没有压缩孪生出现。     

车用铝合金在剪切应力状态下变形及损伤机理研究

采用Iosipescu和双缺口拉伸实验,对车用铝合金(5052)在剪切和准剪切应力条件下的大变形和损伤机制进行研究。断口分析和有限元三向应力度计算表明纯剪切条件下材料主要以剪切滑移带变形并萌生微裂纹,基本不产生孔洞损伤。而准剪切条件下材料损伤存在有微孔洞和剪切带混合并发机制。高三向应力度区首先出现微孔洞裂纹起始,但随着损伤向剪切应力区过渡,三向应力度不断降低,孔洞的长大聚合受到抑止,转而出现剪切滑移带中的平行微裂纹,材料最终主要以剪切滑移失效。     

Fracture behaviors of AZ80 magnesium alloy during multiple forging processes

1 Introduction Pure magnesium and magnesium alloys are the lowest density metals used as structural materials and have excellent specific strength and stiffness, machinability, dimensional stability, and excellent recycling capability. They are, therefor…     

Static recrystallization behavior of hot-deformed magnesium alloy AZ31 during isothermal annealing

The static recrystallization of hot-deformed magnesium alloy AZ31 during isothermal annealing was studied at temperature of 503 K by optical and SEM/EBSD metallographic observation. The grain size change during isothermal annealing is categorized into three regions, i.e. an incubation period for grain growth, rapid grain coarsening, and normal grain growth. The number of fine grains per unit area, however, decreases remarkably even in incubation period. This leads to grain coarsening taking place continuously in the whole period of annealing. In contrast, the deformation texture scarcely changes even after full annealing at high temperatures. It is concluded that the annealing processes operating in hot-deformed magnesium alloy with continuous dynamic recrystallized grain structures can be mainly controlled by grain coarsening without texture change, that is, continuous static recrystallization.     

镁合金零件等温复合挤压技术研究

研究了镁合金的变形温度、变形程度对塑性成形的影响,介绍了实验用的模具和设备,从润滑剂的选用、挤压速度、挤压温度、坯料加热几方面介绍了镁合金的挤压工艺,得出镁合金在等温复合挤压条件下成形性能较好的结论。制定的AZ31镁合金挤压工艺及工艺参数是合理的,对于实际生产有参考作用。     

脉冲电流对AZ31镁合金显微组织及拉伸变形行为的影响

为改善镁合金塑性变形能力,在AZ31镁合金的拉伸变形中引入高密度脉冲电流,研究了脉冲电流对合金显微组织及拉伸变形行为的影响规律,并探讨了其机理。结果表明,与未加脉冲电流拉伸相比,施加脉冲电流的AZ31镁合金的变形抗力显著降低,并且随脉冲电流密度的提高,其变形抗力下降的幅度增大。施加脉冲电流的合金在拉伸过程中发生了明显的动态再结晶,再结晶晶粒细小均匀,从而降低了合金的变形抗力。这是由于脉冲电流可以提高原子通量、促进原子扩散、加快小角亚晶向大角度亚晶转变,从而促进了合金的动态再结晶。另一方面,脉冲电流产生的电效应能够改变位错的激活能,使其容易克服滑移面上的障碍,增加位错可动性,从而提高合金塑性变形能力。     

SuperplaSticity and superplastic instability of AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet

1 Introduction Due to its light mass, high specific strength, good damping characteristics, strong thermo-conductivity and electromagnetic shielding, magnesium alloys have been regarded as “the green material” with the greatest application potential in …     

Structure evolution of AZ61 magnesium alloy in SIMA process

The effect of prior compressive deformation, isothermal temperature and holding time on the structure of AZ61 magnesium alloy fabricated by strain-induced melt activation(SIMA) processing was investigated. The specimens were subjected under deformation ratios of 0%, 22% and 40% and various heat treatment time and temperature regions. The results indicate that the ideal technological parameters of semi-solid AZ61 alloy produced with non-dendrites are recommended as 22% (prior compressive deformation), 595℃ (heat treatment temperature) and 40 min(time). The as-cast AZ61 magnesium alloy isn‘t fit for semi-solid forming.     

熔体处理温度对自孕育法制备AZ61半固态浆料的影响

采用自孕育法制备AZ61变形镁合金半固态浆料,研究了熔体处理温度对制备AZ61变形镁合金半固态浆料的影响。结果表明,自孕育铸造法制备AZ61半固态浆料在液相线以下凝固成形,可以获得近球状的初生相。适宜的熔体处理温度为700℃,对应的平均晶粒尺寸为39.8μm。熔体处理温度过低时,组织中的树枝晶减少的同时细小的近球状晶增多,但是其晶粒尺寸大小分布不均匀。熔体处理温度过高时,组织中树枝晶增多,晶粒平均尺寸显著变大。     

镁合金织构与各向异性

介绍了镁合金变形及退火织构的组分与特点,论述了在挤压、轧制、等径角挤压等塑性变形及退火过程中镁合金织构的演变规律及形成机理,分析了织构与镁合金力学性能的基本关系,探讨了合金元素、变形温度、应变速度、外加应力及晶粒度等基本因素对镁合金织构特征与各向异性的影响.结果表明:织构对镁合金力学性能的影响,其实质是通过改变各滑移系特别是{0001}[1120]基面滑移系的Schmid因子、产生织构强化或软化而实现的.