Updating knowledge bases II

We consider the problem of updating a knowledge base, where a knowledge base is realised as a (logic) program. In a previous paper, we presented procedures for deleting an atom from a normal program and inserting an atom into a normal program, concentrating particularly on the case when negative literals appear in the bodies of program clauses. We also proved various properties of the procedures including their correctness. Here we present mutually recursive versions of the update procedures and prove their correctness and other properties. We then generalise the procedures so that we can update an (arbitrary) program with an (arbitrary) formula. The correctness of the update procedures for programs is also proved.     

R-Calculus for ELP:An Operational Approach to Knowledge Base Maintenance

Sme concepts used in knowledge base maintenace,such as sequence,new law,user‘s rejection and reconstructions of a knowledge base,are first introduced,and then a framework for extended logic programming(ELP)is given,where an extended logic program is equivalent to a knowledge base.A transition system called R-calculus for ELP is provided.For a given knowledge base and a user‘s rejection,the R-calculus for ELP will deduce best revisions of the base.The soundness and the completeness of the R-calculus for ELP are proved,and the R-calculus for ELP is implemented in Prolog.In addition,the research is compared with other relevant work.     

扩充逻辑程序设计的R－演算──知识库维护的操作方法

本文首先介绍了知识库维护过程中诸如知识库序列、新规则、用户反驳以及重构等概念；然后给出了一个扩充逻辑程序设计的框架，在这一框架下，每个逻辑程序等价于一个知识库；进一步定义了一个转换系统，称为扩充逻辑程序设计的Ｒ－演算，对一个给定的知识库和用户反驳，此演算可以导出知识库的最佳修正；同时证明了该演算的可靠性和完备性；另外，对本文的工作与其他相关工作进行了比较；最后，给出了本文的结论．     

知识库维护过程中检查其协调性的有效方法

本文首先描述了知识库维护过程中的协调性问题，然后给出了扩充逻辑程序设计的框架，在此框架下，每个逻辑程序等价于一个知识库．为了检查知识库的协调性，本文为知识库中的推理规则构造了正支持集和负支持集，并给出了一些定义；基于这些概念和定义，提出了知识库维护过程中检查知识库协调性的一种有效方法，并证明了相关的定理；基于此方法，实现了一个算法ＣＨＩＭＥ，并给出了用ＣＨＩＭＥ分析一些知识库的实验结果．本文还提到一些相关的工作，最后给出结论.     

本体知识库系统研究

该文在传统知识库系统的基础上,将本体论引入到知识库中。介绍了本体的起源及其在知识工程领域的发展,探讨了知识库系统中本体的定义和主要作用。然后,研究了知识库系统的构建方法,并以试题知识库系统为例介绍了它的应用。     

基于伪自然语言理解的CAI开发平台

基于伪自然语言理解,提出并实现了一个种高效率的知识获取方法,并把它用一诉开发中。首先知识工程师利用来自然语言的ＢＬ语言 写书本自然描述,然后利用知识编译系统处理ＢＬ程序以高效率地实现书本知识获取,再后领域专家在书本知识库的基本语义呆引导下利用知识求精系统对书本知识库加以少许求精,接着对领域知识库动态全局规划,把领域知识分解成一个个概念,最后通过方法生成组织成一个个课文传授予学生。     

知识库系统KBASE＋的数据模型,语言及实现

本文讨论具有面向对象特征的知识库系统ＫＢＡＳＥ＋的数据模型，语言及实现，ＫＢＡＳＥ＋的数据模型可以方便地支持对象标识，类层次，多继承等面向对象概念。描述性查询语言ＫＢＬ是扩充的ＤＡＴＡＬＯＧ。本文重构了ＫＢＬ语义理论框架，提出了解决属性继承和实例继承的方案，说明了ＫＢＬ程序可以转换成语义等价的ＤＡＴＡＬＯＧ程序。     

基于关系模式的知识表示方法

本文提出了一种专家数据库系统中知识库的设计方法。采用关系模式来描述知识库，用数据库方法存储管理知识库，以解决紧密耦合结构的专家数据库系统的设计问题，改善知识库管理的功能，克服专家系统不能有效地利用现有的使用常规数据库技术建造起来的数据库的局限。     

基于层次链知识组织的专家系统工具HESTool的设计与实现

摘要提出了专家系统知识库组织中“任务”与“链”的概念,并在此基础上设计和初步实现了基于层次链知识组织的专家系统工具HESTool。HESTool改变了传统专家系统知识库的一维组织结构,为将复杂问题分解为多个具有层次结构的子问题提供了一种新的建模机制,从而有利于知识的重用和共享;并且,通过利用现有的数据库管理系统存储和管理知识使开发出的专家系统能很好地与传统的MIS集成。     

大型知识库存储结构的研究

在专家系统及其开发平台的研究中，知识库的存储和管理是一个关键问题。该文提出了多层知识单元的基本概念。基于该知识单元提出了一种基于知识节点(属性)的图矩阵、二维链表、产生式规则的三级管理模式和数据存储结构，通过知识库管理系统(KBMS)实现了二层逻辑结构和一层物理结构的三层独立映射关系。大大压缩r知识的搜索空间。经在农业专家系统综合知识库中的具体应用。该知识库系统结构的定义以及相应的KBMS完全满足上述要求，并可推广至通用的大、中型知识库系统.     

FarsBase-KBP: A knowledge base population system for the Persian Knowledge Graph

While most of the knowledge bases already support the English language, there is only one knowledge base for the Persian language, known as FarsBase, which is automatically created via semi-structured web information. Unlike English knowledge bases such as Wikidata, which have tremendous community support, the population of a knowledge base like FarsBase must rely on automatically extracted knowledge. Knowledge base population can let FarsBase keep growing in size, as the system continues working. In this paper, we present a knowledge base population system for the Persian language, which extracts knowledge from unlabelled raw text, crawled from the Web. The proposed system consists of a set of state-of-the-art modules such as an entity linking module as well as information and relation extraction modules designed for FarsBase. Moreover, a canonicalization system is introduced to link extracted relations to FarsBase properties. Then, the system uses knowledge fusion techniques with minimal intervention of human experts to integrate and filter the proper knowledge instances, extracted by each module. To evaluate the performance of the presented knowledge base population system, we present the first gold dataset for benchmarking knowledge base population in the Persian language, which consisting of 22015 FarsBase triples and verified by human experts. The evaluation results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed system.     

面向对象知识库的设计

面向对象技术的成熟及其在知识库系统中的应用，赋予了知识库一些新的概念。我们就此进行了较为深入的研究，并对知识表达、推理等作了一些探讨，采用基于面向对象技术的原型－代理机制定义和设计了知识对象，实现了知识共享，并通过对象间的消息传递形成多个推理机场境，从而进行知识的推理。本课题初步实现了一个具有一定推理辅助决策能力的原型知识库系统。     

知识库系统的原理及其在智能搜索引擎中的应用

本文主要讨论知识库系统的原理,探讨了知识的定义,知识的表示方法,知识库以及知识库系统的体系结构等。在此基础上,讨论了知识库系统在智能搜索引擎中的应用。     

机场机位自动分配系统知识库的研究与设计

在机场机位自动分配系统中引入知识库，可以提高系统的灵活性和通用性。该文针对机场机位分配系统的实际要求，从知识的组成出发，给出了一种基于关系型数据库的通用知识库结构设计，同时用拆分规则的形式化方法表示知识，从而使得该系统能够完善地表达事实规则体系知识，并且使得推理的过程变得简单高效。     

基于辩论理论的多Agent对话系统的研究

多Agent对话系统是一个能够模仿该领域专家进行辩论的计算机程序。它可以根据当前用户输入的信息进行逻辑分析和判断,最终通过辩论得出对该领域某一具体问题的建议。其基本过程是参与对话的Agent根据系统的知识库围绕主题构造出争议,通过对话构造争议之间的攻击关系,最后根据辩论算法确定可接受争议集,该系统能够模拟专家进行分析和决策,以解决那些需要专家才能做出决策的复杂问题。     

A programmable approach to revising knowledge bases

Knowledge base revision,which is also called belief revision,is an important topic in artificial intelligence and philosophy,and many approaches have been introduced in re-cent years[1―26].An important topic for knowledge base revision is to introduce a pro-grammable approach[9].This paper focuses on showing a programmable approach to revise a knowledge base consisting of clauses.Knowledge base revision is important from both the theoretical and applied point of view[27].Doyle’s truth mainte…     

An interactive tool for knowledge base refinement

We present a tool that combines two main trends of knowledge base refinement. The first is the construction of interactive knowledge acquisition tools and the second is the development of machine learning methods that automate this procedure. The tool presented here is interactive and gives experts the ability to evaluate an expert system and provide their own diagnoses on specific problems, when the expert system behaves erroneously. We also present a database scheme that supports the collection of specific instances. The second aspect of the tool is that knowledge base refinement and machine learning methods can be applied to the database, in order to automate the procedure refining the knowledge base. In this paper we examine the application of inductive learning algorithms within the proposed framework. Our main goal is to encourage the experts to evaluate expert systems and to introduce new knowledge, based on their experience.