热处理对WCp/B4Cp/6063Al复合材料组织与力学性能的影响

采用粉末冶金工艺制备了WC_p/B₄C_p/6063Al复合材料,通过SEM和TEM对复合材料的显微组织进行了表征,研究了热处理工艺对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,热处理能使复合材料的拉伸强度明显增加,与T4热处理相比,T6热处理能使复合材料获得更大的拉伸强度,但材料的伸长率和冲击韧度要小于T4态的。热处理后复合材料的断裂形貌表现为基体合金的韧性断裂、基体和颗粒间的界面脱粘和颗粒断裂现象。热处理后复合材料出现了新的析出相,这有助于提高复合材料的拉伸强度。     

热挤压变形对亚微米Al2O3p/Al复合材料组织性能的影响

利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜和万能拉伸试验机等手段考察了粒度为0.3μm的Al2O3颗粒(体积分数为26%)增强6061Al复合材料在热挤压前后的显微组织及室温拉伸性能。结果表明:以10∶1的挤压比热挤压后复合材料组织的均匀性得到了明显改善,显微组织变化上呈现位错由压铸态的近无位错转变为位错有明显增殖特征,并促进了时效析出;复合材料挤压材的抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率较压铸材普遍提高;热挤压没有改变复合材料的断裂机制,由于挤压后颗粒分布均匀等原因,使复合材料的塑性得到改善。     

不同凝固压力条件下A356-10%SiC复合材料的微观组织及性能

通过搅拌法制备A356?10%10SiC复合材料,并分别在0.1(重力条件)、25、50和75 MPa压力条件下进行该复合材料的直接挤压铸造成形,研究了铸态和 T6热处理后复合材料的微观组织及力学性能。结果表明：随着挤压力的增大,铸件的增强颗粒?孔洞团簇缺陷减少,并改善了增强颗粒与基体间的结合强度,拉伸强度、硬度和热膨胀系数增加。与铸态复合材料相比,T6热处理后复合材料的抗拉强度和硬度增大而热膨胀系数减小;在重力条件下凝固的复合材料断口处存在增强颗粒?孔洞团簇缺陷,而在挤压力下凝固的复合材料断口未观察到该缺陷,断口特征表明两者存在不同的断裂机制。     

热挤压和时效处理对SiC_w/LD2复合材料拉伸性能的影响

对SiCw/LD2复合材料进行了热挤压 ,并对铸态和挤压态复合材料进行了时效处理。比较铸态、挤压态、时效态复合材料间的拉伸性能的结果表明 ,挤压变形可提高复合材料的强度和塑性 ;时效处理能够提高复合材料的强度 ,但却降低塑性。挤压变形后再时效处理可使复合材料达到最大的强度和模量。     

热处理对Mg_2B_2O_(5w)/6061Al复合材料组织和性能的影响

研究了单级固溶及峰值时效处理对粉末热挤压法制备5 vol%Mg2B2O5w/6061Al复合材料组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:经粉末热挤压制备的材料,晶须分布相对均匀,但长径比显著降低,材料主要由α(Al)、Mg2B2O5w和Mg2Si相为主;热挤压态复合材料经固溶时效(510℃×1 h+160℃×9 h)处理后,晶粒内部析出大量的β'相;拉伸强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为357.6 MPa、205 MPa和8.77%,相比挤压态复合材料,拉伸强度和屈服强度分别提高了81%和78%;拉伸断口分析表明,材料的失效形式以基体的韧性断裂和晶须团聚体的脆性开裂为主。     

热挤压和时效处理对SiCw/LD2复合材料拉伸性能的影响

对ＳｉＣｗ／ＬＤ２复合材料进行了热挤压,并对铸态和挤压态复合材料进行了时效处理。比较铸态、挤压态、时效态复合材料间的拉伸性能的结果表明,挤压变形可提高复合材料的强度和塑性;时效处理能够提高复合材料的强度,但却降低塑性。挤压变形后再时效处理可使复合材料达到最大的强度和模量。     

SiC_P添加量对铝基复合材料组织和性能的影响

采用机械搅拌法制备了体积分数分别为3%、6%和9%的Si C颗粒增强铝基复合材料,研究了该复合材料的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明,Si C颗粒的添加量为6%时,颗粒在基体中的分布最好。挤压态的组织明显优于铸态。随着增强相颗粒添加量的增大,材料的拉伸强度逐步提高,含量在9%左右时达到最高,复合材料的塑性随添加量的增大而降低,但硬度有所增加。     

喷射沉积Mg-12.55Al-3.33Zn-0.58Ca-1.0Nd合金组织与力学性能研究

利用XRD、OM、SEM、TEM研究了喷射沉积Mg-12.55Al-3.33Zn-0.58Ca-1.0Nd合金挤压态的显微组织和合金的力学性能。结果表明:喷射沉积挤压态镁合金主要包含基体α-Mg和Al2Ca相,基体组织为等轴晶,平均晶粒尺寸为3μm;Al2Ca颗粒主要沿镁基体晶界分布,颗粒尺寸在1.0μm左右,并在Al2Ca相中存在孪晶结构;合金的σb、σ0.2、δ分别为450、325MPa,5%。在拉伸断口上存在大量石块状的Al2Ca相,表明合金的断裂方式为沿晶断裂;与经热挤压的铸造AZ91镁合金对比,该合金强度明显提高,但合金塑性降低;合金强度的提高主要来源于合金的细晶强化和Al、Zn对合金的固溶强化,而伸长率降低是由于合金中存在的大量Al2Ca颗粒是沿镁基体晶界分布,导致合金的塑性降低。     

Al-Zr-O-B原位合成复合材料的微观组织和力学性能

采用Al-Zr(CO3)2-KBF4体系用熔体反应法成功合成了新型颗粒增强铝基复合材料.XRD和SEM分析表明, Zr(CO3)2和KBF4与铝液反应生成了ZrB2、Al2O3、Al3Zr颗粒,颗粒尺寸细小,且弥散分布于基体中,其平均尺寸约为80～90 nm;拉伸试验结果显示.Al-Zr(CO3)2-KBF4体系反应生成的复合材料的抗拉强度和屈服强度随着反应物加入量的增加均显著提高,复合材料的抗拉强度为150.3 MPa,较铝基体的78.0 MPa提高了 92.7%;屈服强度为113.7 MPa,较铝基体的42.0 MPa提高了170.7%;复合材料的伸长率先升后降;由复合材料的拉伸断口SEM可知,随着反应物质量增加,塑性变形区减小,但仍然是塑性断裂.     

热挤压原位合成TiB_2/6351Al复合材料的组织性能

利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜和万能拉伸试验机等测试手段,研究了原位合成TiB2(wt,8%)/6351Al复合材料在热挤压前后的显微组织及室温拉伸性能。结果表明,热挤压变形有助于增强颗粒在基体合金中均匀分布,热挤压后TiB2颗粒与基体界面结合良好,未发现界面处开裂;热挤压变形时TiB2颗粒周围的基体合金中形成复杂的位错;基体合金发生再结晶和回复形成完整的等轴晶和亚结构,显微组织得到细化,基体合金再结晶的主要形核方式为增强体颗粒引起位错塞积区形核,亚晶吞并长大形核及应变诱发晶界迁移形核。热挤压复合材料基体合金具有较强的[111]织构。与铸态相比,热挤压后复合材料的屈服强度Rp0.2、抗拉强度Rm、伸长率A及布氏硬度显著提高。复合材料断口特征由热挤压前的韧性和沿晶的混合断裂,转变为以韧性断裂为主。     

Effect of Spark-Plasma-Sintering Conditions on Tensile Properties of Aluminum Matrix Composites Reinforced with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs)

In this study, aluminum (Al) matrix composites containing 2 wt.% multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were fabricated by powder metallurgy using high-energy ball milling (HEBM), spark plasma sintering (SPS), and subsequent hot extrusion. The effect of SPS conditions on the tensile properties of CNT/Al composites was investigated. The results showed that composites with well-dispersed CNTs and nearly full-density CNT/Al can be obtained. During HEBM, CNTs were shortened, inserted into welded Al powder particles, bonded to Al, and still stable without CNT-Al reaction. After consolidation, Al₄C₃ phases formed in composites under different sintering conditions. With the increase of sintering temperature and holding time, the strength decreased. Conversely, the ductility and toughness noticeably increased. As a result, a good balance between strength (367 MPa in ultimate tensile strength) and ductility (13% in elongation) was achieved in the as-extruded CNT/Al composite sintered at 630°C with a holding time of 300 min.     

变形态Mg-Nd合金的组织转变和拉伸性能特征

研究不同变形条件对Mg-2.2Nd-0.5Zn-0.5Zr合金室温拉伸性能和组织的影响.经过不同条件的热挤压变形后,该合金的强度和延性都有不同程度的增加,屈强比从0.58提高到0.87左右.固定变形温度时,强度随变形速率增大而降低,延性反之.固定变形速率时,升高变形温度则强度降低,延性增加.弥散于晶界的Mg9Nd化合物细化了晶粒.变形态Mg-Nd合金的高温超塑拉伸研究发现,375℃是该合金的最佳超塑变形温度,应变速率在1×10-2s-1时,延伸率达到329%;当变形速率提高到2×10-2s-1时,该合金的延伸率仍可达到213%.分析不同真应变下的组织发现,在变形初期发生动态再结晶,晶粒得到破碎而变得细小,随着变形程度的增加,晶粒长大程度较小.在变形后的断口形貌中发现,Mg-Nd合金的超塑变形机制为晶界滑移控制下的孔洞连接协调机制.     

Effect of Particle Size on Mechanical Properties and Fracture Behaviors of Age-Hardening SiC/Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Composites

15 vol.％ SiC/Al-6.5Zn-2.8 Mg-l.7Cu (wt％) composites with varying particle sizes (3.5,7.0,14 and 20 μm),i.e.,C-3.5,C-7.0,C-14,and C-20,respectively,were fabricated by powder metallurgy (PM) method and subjected to microstructural examination.The effect of particle size on mechanical properties and fracture behaviors of the T6-treated composites was revealed and analyzed in detail.Element distribution and precipitates variations in the composites with varying particle sizes were emphatically considered.Results indicated that both tensile strength and plasticity of the T6-treated composites increased first and then decreased with particle size decreasing.The C-7.0 composite simultaneously exhibited the highest ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 686 MPa and best elongation (El.) of 3.1％.The smaller-sized SiC particle would intro-duce more oxide impurities,which would react with the alloying element in the matrix to cause Mg segregation and deple-tion.According to strengthening mechanism analysis,the weakening of precipitation strengthening in the T6-treated C-3.5 composite was the main cause of the lower tensile strength.Additionally,the larger SiC particle,the more likely to fracture,especially in the composites with high yield strength.For the T6-treated C-20 composites,more than 75％ SiC particles were broken up,resulting in the lowest plasticity.As decreasing particle size,the fracture behaviors of the T6-treated composites would change from particle fracture to matrix alloy fracture gradually.     

Tensile and fracture toughness properties of SiC<Subscript>p</Subscript> reinforced Al alloys: Effects of particle size,particle volume fraction,and matrix strength

The goal of this work was to evaluate the effects of particle size, particle volume fraction, and matrix strength on the monotonic fracture properties of two different Al alloys, namely T1-Al2124 and T1-Al6061, reinforced with silicon carbide particles (SiC_p). From the tensile tests, an increase in particle volume fraction and/or matrix strength increased strength and decreased ductility. On the other hand, an increase in particle size reduced strength and increased the composite ductility. In fracture toughness tests, an increase in particle volume fraction reduced the toughness of the composites. An increase in matrix strength reduced both K _crit and δ_crit values. However, in terms of K _Q (5%) values, the Al6061 composite showed a value similar to the corresponding Al2124 composite. This was mainly attributed to premature yielding caused by the high ductility/low strength of the Al6061 matrix and the testpiece dimensions. The effect of particle size on the fracture toughness depends on the type of matrix and toughness parameter used. In general, an increase in particle size decreased the K _Q (5%) value, but simultaneously increased the amount of plastic strain that the matrix is capable of accommodating, increasing both δ_crit and K _crit values.     

改善颗粒增强金属基复合材料塑性和韧性的途径与机制

评述了影响颗粒增强金属基复合材料塑性和韧性的各种因素,在此基础上深入研究了颗粒形状对ＳｉＣｐ／ＬＤ２复合材料塑性和断裂韧性的影响规律。采用有限单元法分析不同形状的ＳｉＣ颗粒增强的ＬＤ２复合材料的微区力学环境和整体力学行为,结果表明颗粒的尖锐化导致基体内应变集中和颗粒尖端断裂的可能性加剧,因而降低材料的塑性;而在外加载荷的作用下,由于复合材料基体整体均处于较高的加工硬化状态,因此颗粒形状对材料断裂韧     

挤压参数对SiC颗粒增强Mg-3.6Zn-0.6Y-0.2Ca基复合材料组织和力学性能的影响

对挤压前后SiC颗粒增强Mg-3.6Zn-0.6Y-0.2Ca基复合材料组织和力学性能的研究表明：随挤压速率或挤压温度的增加,再结晶晶粒的尺寸增加,体积分数则略有增加。随挤压速率的增加,动态析出相的尺寸增加,体积分数减小。当挤压温度设定为230℃时随挤压速率由0.01 mm/s增加到0.1 mm/s,或当挤压速率设定为0.1 mm/s时挤压温度由190 ℃增加到230 ℃,复合材料的屈服强度和抗拉强度降低,而伸长率则逐渐增加。在优化的挤压参数（190 ℃,0.1 mm/s）下挤压态复合材料的屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率分别为312.0 MPa,347.3 MPa和6.6％;其中晶粒细化对强度提升的贡献高于热错配强化与析出强化。     

SiC_p/AZ91镁基复合材料的热挤压

采用搅拌铸造法制备SiC体积分数为5%、10%和15%的颗粒增强AZ91镁基复合材料（SiCp/AZ91）。复合材料经过T4处理后,于350°C以固定挤压比12：1进行热挤压。在铸态复合材料中,颗粒在晶间微观区域发生偏聚。热挤压基本上消除了这种偏聚并有效地改善颗粒分布。另外,热挤压有效地细化基体的晶粒。结果表明：热挤压明显提高复合材料的力学性能。在挤压态复合材料中,随着SiC颗粒含量的升高,基体的晶粒尺寸减小,强度和弹性模量升高,但是伸长率降低。     

轧制变形量对GNPs/Ti复合材料组织与性能的影响

本文采用放电等离子烧结技术(SPS)和热轧制备了石墨烯/钛基复合材料(GNPs/Ti)。重点研究了轧制变形量对GNPs/Ti复合材料的显微组织及力学性能的影响规律。采用扫描电镜观察不同变形量后的显微组织,结果显示,随着轧制变形量的增加,基体晶粒长径比增大,石墨烯取向性提高。拉伸结果表明,GNPs/Ti复合材料的抗拉强度和断后伸长率随着变形量的增加而增加,最大抗拉强度达到680MPa,相比纯钛提高了33%。采用轧制工艺可以使GNPs/Ti复合材料孔洞减少、GNPs分布具有取向性,从而提高材料的力学性能。     

颗粒形状对SiCp／LD2复合材料塑性的影响

采用经钝化处理的ＳｉＣ颗粒作为增强体制备的ＳｉＣｐ／ＬＤ２复合材料,与普通ＳｉＣｐ／ＬＤ２相比,材料明显提高了塑性,有限元与拉伸断口的扫描电镜分析表明,材料经Ｔ６处理后,断裂机制以颗粒断裂为主,塑性得以提高的原因主要是颗粒尖角钝化后,降低了尖角处热残余应变集中,并降低了颗粒尖角部在外加应低时断裂的可能性;而材料未经Ｔ６处理时,断裂机制以基体失效为主,塑性提高主要源于尖角处热残余应变集中的降低,因则     

In situ thermomechanical processing to avoid grain boundary precipitation and strength-ductility loss of age hardening alloys

To avoid grain boundary (GB) precipitation during aging, a new strategy of in situ thermomechanical processing for age hardening alloys was proposed. Specifically, high-density nanoscale precipitates were introduced into ultrafine grain (UFG) interiors of 7075Al alloy by equal-channel-angular (ECAP) processing at 250 °C for 8 passes, thus avoiding GB precipitation. Tensile test results indicated that the UFG 7075Al alloy exhibits superior mechanical properties (yield strength of 350 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 500 MPa, uniform elongation of 18% and tensile ductility of 19%) compared with the UFG 1050Al counterpart (yield strength of 170 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 180 MPa, uniform elongation of 2.5% and tensile ductility of 7%). Fracture surface morphology studies revealed numerous homogeneous micro shear bands in necking shrinkage areas of both UFG 7075Al and 1050Al alloys, which are controlled by cooperative GB sliding. Moreover, the introduction of nanoscale precipitates in UFG 7075Al matrix weakened the tendency of shear fracture, resulting in a higher tensile ductility and more homogeneous deformation. Different from the GB precipitation during postmortem aging, in situ thermomechanical treatment dynamically formed GBs after precipitation, thus avoiding precipitation on GBs.