SHS反应火焰喷涂TiC-TiB2梯度过渡陶瓷涂层摩擦磨损机理研究

以Ti-B4C-C为主反应体系，Ni-Al金属粉末为过渡材料，采用自蔓延高温合成反应火焰喷涂技术．在45钢基表面制备TiC-TiB2梯度过渡复相陶瓷涂层。对涂层进行摩擦磨损试验，利用扫描电镜观察陶瓷涂层的磨损表面形貌，并分析其摩擦机制得出：涂层的耐磨性呈梯度变化；在不同的摩擦层面存在着粘着磨损、磨粒磨损、疲劳磨损等多种不同的磨损机理。     

梯度过渡复相陶瓷涂层的制备及其耐磨性能研究

采用幂函数分布形式设计梯度过渡涂层,以Ti-B4C-C团聚粉和Ni-Al自粘结复合粉的混合物为自蔓延反应火焰喷涂体系,在45号钢基体表面制备了Ti(Cx,Ny)-TiB2和NimAln梯度过渡的复相陶瓷涂层,研究了梯度过渡涂层的组织特点与耐磨性能.研究表明,当梯度指数为1,涂层按6层设计时,涂层为典型的多相非均质结构.Ti(Cx,Ny)-TiB2复相陶瓷与NimAln金属间化合物实现了沿涂层厚度方向的梯度过渡连接.梯度过渡陶瓷涂层的耐磨性是普通45号钢耐磨性的14倍,涂层磨损失效过程受粘着磨损与磨粒磨损共同作用,失效过程中陶瓷相的剥落是涂层磨损的关键环节,涂层中的粘接相、氧化物相和孔隙对涂层磨损有重要影响.     

梯度过渡复相陶瓷涂层的制备及其耐磨性能研究

采用幂函数分布形式设计梯度过渡涂层，以Ti-B4C—C团聚粉和Ni-A1自粘结复合粉的混合物为自蔓延反应火焰喷涂体系，在45号钢基体表面制备了Ti（Cx，Ny）TiB2和NimA1n梯度过渡的复相陶瓷涂层，研究了梯度过渡涂层的组织特点与耐磨性能。研究表明，当梯度指数为1，涂层按6层设计时，涂层为典型的多相非均质结构。Ti（Cx，Ny）-TiB2复相陶瓷与NimA1n金属间化合物实现了沿涂层厚度方向的梯度过渡连接。梯度过渡陶瓷涂层的耐磨性是普通45号钢耐磨性的14倍，涂层磨损失效过程受粘着磨损与磨粒磨损共同作用，失效过程中陶瓷相的剥落是涂层磨损的关键环节，涂层中的粘接相、氧化物相和孔隙对涂层磨损有重要影响。     

高铬铸铁表面制备陶瓷涂层的研究

以Ti-B4C-蔗糖-Al和Ni-Al自粘结复合粉为喷涂体系,通过白蔓延反应火焰喷涂技术,采用梯度过渡涂层设计,在高铬铸铁泵叶表面制备了梯度过渡陶瓷涂层.主要研究了喷涂工艺、涂层性能以及喷涂前后基体组织及性能变化等问题.结果表明:利用自蔓延反应火喷涂技术在高铬铸铁表面制备梯度过渡陶瓷涂层是可行的:引入梯度过渡涂层设计后尽管使涂层的显微硬度有所下降,涂层孔隙率有一定增大,但可以明显改善陶瓷涂层与基体的结合,提高结合强度,同时不会造成基体材料和性能发生明显变化.     

SHS火焰喷涂梯度过渡陶瓷涂层的显微组织及耐磨性分析

以Ti-B4C-C团聚粉和Ni-Al“自粘结”复合粉的混合物为自蔓延反应火焰喷涂体系,在45钢基体表面制备Ti(Cx,Ny)-TiB2和NimAln梯度过渡的复相陶瓷涂层,分析研究了梯度过渡涂层的显微组织结构与耐磨性。研究表明:Ti(Cx,Ny)-TiB2复相陶瓷与NimAln金属间化合物实现了沿涂层厚度方向的梯度过渡连接。梯度过渡陶瓷涂层的耐磨性是普通45钢耐磨性的14倍。     

AZ91D镁合金微弧氧化涂层的干摩擦磨损行为

在硅酸钠电解质体系中,采用电流密度100 A/m2的非对称交流脉冲电源模式处理AZ91镁合金,在其表面获得均匀的陶瓷涂层.采用M2000磨损试验机研究了该涂层合金的干式滑动摩擦磨损行为.采用X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜对陶瓷涂层结构和磨损表面进行观察分析.结果表明:根据载荷大小,涂层处理后AZ91D镁合金的磨损行为明显分为3个阶段,这些阶段同陶瓷层是否磨穿密切相关;微弧氧化涂层AZ91D镁合金的磨损机理主要是磨粒磨损;受表面状况的影响,陶瓷涂层的摩擦因数在 0.20～0.45 间波动;在较高载荷下,涂层被磨穿后,涂层的摩擦因数趋于基体合金的摩擦因数,涂层合金的表面变形能力提高,该阶段质量磨损速率随载荷增加,趋势变得缓慢.     

多弧离子镀TiAlSiN梯度涂层制备及切削性能

针对含Si超硬涂层与基体结合强度不足,切削过程中涂层易发生剥落从而导致涂层刀具切削性能低的问题,采用离子源增强的多弧离子镀技术在硬质合金刀具上制备了不同含Si层梯度结构的TiAlSiN梯度涂层。利用XRD、SEM、OM以及切削试验探讨不同含Si层梯度结构对涂层物相、表面形貌、膜基结合强度、摩擦磨损以及切削性能的影响。结果显示：不同含Si层梯度结构的TiAlSiN涂层主要由固溶的（Ti,Al） N和（Al,Ti） N相组成。其中,低Si直接过渡的TiAlSiN涂层（S3）呈现出较高的硬度、良好的膜基结合力、较低的涂层残余应力和摩擦因数。铣削结果显示,涂层刀具的切削磨损机理主要表现为粘着磨损。当切削速度为80 m/min时,低Si过渡涂层（S3涂层）表现出更高的切削长度（925 m）,显著高于S1涂层的525 m;当切削速度由80 m/min增加至110 m/min时,S3涂层切削长度增加到1650 m。对含Si刀具涂层进行梯度设计,可有效提高涂层的膜-基结合强度和涂层刀具的切削性能。     

多层梯度结构对TiAlSiN涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响

为提高304不锈钢耐磨损性能,采用磁过滤阴极弧等离子体沉积的方法制备TiAlSiN多层梯度涂层,研究多层梯度结构对涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、纳米压痕仪和划痕仪等方法对涂层的表面形貌、物相结构以及力学性能进行表征,并通过MST-3001摩擦磨损试验仪测试不同结构涂层的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:与TiAlSiN单层涂层相比,TiAlSiN多层梯度涂层具有更高的结合力和韧性;两种涂层的摩擦因数和磨损率都远小于304不锈钢,其中TiAlSiN多层梯度涂层具有比单层涂层更低的磨损率,磨损率由2.6×104μm3/(N·m)降至8.5×103μm3/(N·m),降低了67.8%,TiAlSiN多层梯度涂层磨痕表面光滑致密,主要磨损机制为轻微粘着磨损、磨粒磨损和氧化磨损的协同作用。     

等离子喷涂陶瓷耐磨涂层的研究进展

介绍了传统陶瓷耐磨涂层及等离子喷涂陶瓷耐磨涂层,重点介绍了等离子喷涂陶瓷耐磨涂层的表面结构、摩擦磨损性能和磨损机制,并对等离子喷涂陶瓷涂层的发展趋势进行了展望。     

激光熔覆NiCoCrAlY/ZrB2复合涂层结构及高温耐磨性能

通过激光熔覆技术在钛表面成功制备了NiCoCrAlY和NiCoCrAlY/ZrB2复合涂层,用SEM和XRD分析了涂层的组成及结构。在SRV-IV高温摩擦磨损试验机上系统考察了NiCoCrAlY和NiCoCrAlY/ZrB2复合涂层在20、100、300和500℃下的摩擦磨损性能,对偶为Si3N4陶瓷球。采用SEM和3D非接触式表面轮廓仪磨损形貌分析了摩擦磨损测试后涂层和对偶陶瓷球的磨痕形貌。结果表明:NiCoCrAlY/ZrB2复合涂层相对于NiCoCrAlY涂层有更高的显微硬度和更好的高温耐磨性能,NiCoCrAlY和NiCoCrAlY/ZrB2复合涂层在不同温度下的磨损机理主要为磨粒磨损和粘着磨损。     

Plasma spraying of functionally graded yttria stabilized zirconia/NiCoCrAlY coating system using composite powders

Pre-alloyed and plasma spheroidized composite powders were used as the feedstock in the plasma spraying of functionally graded yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ)/NiCoCrAlY coatings. The ball milling parameters of the composite powders and the plasma spraying parameters for preparing functionally graded materials (FMGs) coatings were optimized to obtain the best performance for the thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). Microstructure, physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of YSZ/NiCoCrAlY FGMs coatings were investigated and compared with those of traditional duplex coatings. Results showed that the advantages of using pre-alloyed composite powders in plasma spraying were to ensure chemical homogeneity and promote uniform density along the graded layers. Microstructure observation showed the gradient distribution of YSZ and NiCoCrAlY phases in the coating, and no clear interface was found between two adjacent different layers. Oxidation occurred during plasma spray and the resultant aluminum oxide combines with YSZ in a wide range of proportions. The bond strength of functionally graded coatings was about twice as high as that of the duplex coatings because of the significant reduction of the residual stresses in the coatings. The thermal cycling resistance of functionally graded coating was much better than that of duplex coating.     

Tribological Properties of the Oxide Coatings Produced onto 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy in the Hard Anodizing Process

The aim of this work was to establish the influence of the thickness of the anodic coatings on their mechanical properties and to understand the relation between their hardness and the abrasion resistance. The coatings were produced in the hard anodizing process onto the 6061-T6 aluminum alloy. Their thickness was in the range between 19 and 43 µm. The abrasion resistance was determined by using Taber abrasion test. The weight losses of the coatings obtained were in the range between 15 and 11 mg and decreased with their increasing thickness. It has been shown that the hardness measured on the cross sections of the coatings did not correspond to their abrasion resistance. Thus, the new approach has been proposed. The hardness of the coatings was estimated on the basis of the results of the scratch test performed at the constant load. The results obtained correspond to the abrasion resistance of the coatings.     

Functionally graded carbon nanotubes/hydroxyapatite composite coating by laser cladding

Functionally graded carbon nanotubes/hydroxyapatite (CNTs/HA) composite coatings have been fabricated by laser cladding technique using CNTs/HA composite powders. As the feedstock for laser deposition, CNTs/HA composite powders were prepared by ball-milling different weight ratios (1%, 3% and 5%) of CNTs with HA powders. CNTs/HA composite coatings were fabricated with CNTs/HA composite powders and functionally graded coating was fabricated by sequentially depositing different CNTs/HA composite coatings on pure titanium. The phase composition, microstructure, micro-hardness, bonding strength and in vitro cellular responses of the composite coatings and the functionally graded composite coating were studied. The results show that the crystallinity of CNTs/HA composite coatings increased with increasing amount of CNTs in the powder mixture. The CNTs were dispersed homogeneously in the coatings to form an interconnected web and the cylinder graphic structure of CNTs was not changed after laser irradiation. Compared with pure HA coating, the maximum increase of the micro-hardness of CNTs/HA composite coatings was 46.8% and the micro-hardness of the functionally graded coating increased gradually through the thickness of this coating. Furthermore, the bonding strength of the functionally graded coating was nearly twice higher than that of pure HA coating. The in vitro cellular biocompatibility tests reveal that the functionally graded composite coating has comparable in vitro bioactivity with pure HA coating.     

含碳化物陶瓷粉芯丝材电弧喷涂层的结构和性能

分别将WC、TiC、Cr3C2等碳化物陶瓷粉末与304不锈钢带轧制成3种粉芯丝材,采用电弧喷涂技术在Q235钢基体上制备铁基复合涂层.利用光学显微镜、SEM、XRD对3种涂层的形貌、相组成和磨损表面进行分析,并用湿砂橡胶轮磨损试验机(MLS-225)测试了涂层的抗磨粒磨损性能.结果表明,碳化物陶瓷粉末的加入使涂层的硬度和耐磨性显著提高,涂层的平均显微硬度值高达1100～1200 HV0.1.在本试验条件下,铁基复合涂层的耐磨性比Q235钢高6～18倍.塑性微切削和脆性剥落为涂层的主要磨粒磨损形式.     

仿生涂层磨损及其与表面形貌的关联性研究

为了研究仿生涂层表面形貌与磨损之间的关系,对仿生耐磨涂层磨损前后的表面形貌进行了图像采集,并利用Matlab软件对得到的灰度图像进行二值化处理,进而提取出表征涂层表面形貌的特征参数——凹坑分布率,分别研究了不同载荷工况下涂层磨损量和凹坑分布率的变化规律,并分析了磨损过程中涂层磨损量与表面凹坑分布率之间的对应关系。结果表明:存在一个最佳的凹坑分布率范围,可使得涂层具有较好的耐磨性。     

多弧离子镀负偏压对氮化钛薄膜的影响

目的确定适当的负偏压,提高多弧离子镀氮化钛薄膜的综合性能。方法采用不同的负偏压,在4Cr13不锈钢表面制备Ti N薄膜,探讨偏压对薄膜表面质量、结构、硬度、结合力和摩擦系数的影响。结果负偏压对薄膜表面质量的影响较大:负偏压为0 V时,Ti N薄膜表面凹凸不平,液滴较多;随着负偏压升高,薄膜表面变得光滑,液滴减少并变小,薄膜致密性也得到提高。在不同负偏压下,Ti N薄膜均呈现出在(111)晶面的择优取向,但随着负偏压的增大,这种择优取向逐渐减弱,当负偏压达到400 V时,薄膜在(220)晶面的峰值逐渐增强。随着负偏压从0增至400 V,薄膜的硬度、结合力和耐磨性均先提高,后降低。当负偏压为300 V时,薄膜的硬度和结合力达到最大,分别为2650HV和58 N;摩擦系数和磨损量最小,分别为0.48和0.1065 mm3。结论施加适当的负偏压可以提高薄膜的硬度、结合力、耐磨性等性能,当负偏压为300 V时,薄膜的各项性能达到最佳。     

Influence of Surface Roughness on Rolling Contact Fatigue Behavior of Fe-Cr Alloy Coatings

Fe-Cr coating was prepared by plasma-spraying process. As-sprayed coatings were machined by grinding, lapping, or polishing processes as appropriate to get different surface roughnesses. Rolling contact fatigue (RCF) experiments were conducted using a ball-on-disk setup. RCF lifetime of the coating was calculated. The worn morphologies of the coating were observed. Results show that surface roughness obviously influences RCF behavior of the coating. The smooth coatings showed longer RCF lifetimes, and always failed by delamination. The rough coatings always failed by abrasion or spalling. The failure of smooth coatings was driven by the orthogonal shear stress and radial stress, whereas the failure of rough coatings was driven by the asperity contact.     

Microstructure formation in thermally-sprayed duplex and functionally graded NiCrAlY/Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia coatings

NiCrAlY bond coats were deposited on a number of Inconel-738LC specimens using HVOF spray technique. For duplex coating, a group of these specimens were coated with Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) using plasma spray technique. Functionally graded NiCrAlY/YSZ coatings were fabricated by plasma spray using co-injection of the two different powders in a single plasma torch. The amount of Zirconia in functionally graded coatings were gradually increased from 30 to 100 vol.%. Duplex and functionally graded coatings were then characterized using optical microscope, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive x-ray Spectrometry (EDS), map analysis and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The strength of the Adhesive coatings of the substrate was also measured.The results show that microstructure, porosity and compositions are gradually varied in the functionally graded coatings. EDS analyses revealed that oxidation of aluminum, chromium and yttrium in the NiCrAlY alloy are occur in the high-temperature plasma-spray stream during deposition. The oxidized products, mixed with zirconia at high temperature in a wide composition range, produce ceramic composites and increase the cohesion strength between the layers. The results also show a better performance in as-sprayed functionally graded coatings comparing with duplex coatings, especially regard to the adhesion strength of the coatings.     

Effect of adding WC powder to the feedstock of WC-Co-Cr based HVOF coating and its impact on erosion and abrasion resistance

HVOF grade powders are now commercially available and being used in large scale for different components prone to abrasion/erosion. The literature on HVOF coatings based on WC-Co powder shows that there is a huge difference in hardness between the pure WC powder and WC-Co based HVOF coatings. The objective of this study was to improve the hardness of WC based HVOF coatings by adding pure WC powder to the commercially available powder. The hardness data shows that 20% addition of WC powder will improve the hardness of HVOF coating from 1106 to 1395 Hv_0.3. Hardness increase is due to the embedding of tungsten carbide hard metal matrix. This HVOF coated sample was tested for dry sand abrasion and slurry erosion as per ASTM standards. These tests show that abrasion and erosion resistance of HVOF coated samples goes down with the addition of tungsten carbide powder even though coating hardness has gone up. To understand the negative trend, porosity and SEM studies were carried out. SEM studies show that the porosity of the HVOF coating is higher than the conventional HVOF coating. With increase in WC content (30%), the porosity of the HVOF coating increased up to 10%. The higher porosity is believed to be the reason for poor abrasion and slurry erosion resistance.