常规聚合物驱后高浓度聚合物溶液粘弹性改善粘度比作用研究

为明确聚合物溶液粘弹性改善粘度比作用，开展了一次注聚后不同粘度聚合物驱替试验。试验选用2500万分子量聚合物，岩心气测渗透率为1000×10—3μm2左右，变异系数为0．72。设计原油与聚合物溶液粘度比为：1，0．75，0．5，0．25。模拟油粘度为10mpa．S，聚合物粘度为：10mpa．s，13．3mpa．s，20mpa．s，40mpa．s。聚合物所对应的聚合物浓度依次为：550mg／1，650mg／1，750m3．g／1，850mg／1。     

造纸业：2011年我国进口木浆增长27．1％

据海关统计，2011年我国进口废纸2728万吨，同比增长12％，价值69．7亿美元，同比增长30．2％，进口均价255．4美元／吨，上涨16．2％；进口木浆1444．7万吨，同比增长27．1％，价值119．4亿美元，增长35．3％，进口均价826．5美元／吨，上涨6．5％。     

厦门几种建筑材料放射性的检测与评价

运用HPGeγ能谱仪测定了厦门地区8种建筑材料：水泥，花岗岩，沙子，陶瓷砖，滑石粉，红砖中的天然放射性核素的比活度，得到226Ra、232Th和40K的比活度分别为5．3～64．8Bq．kg-1、5．2～68．1Bq．kg-1和15．5～966．3Bq．kg-1，镭当量浓度ECRa范围为：28．9～215．2Bq．kg-1：内外照射指数范围分别为：0．03～0．32和0．08～0．61：建材样品所致居民内、外有效剂量当量的范围分别为0．03～0．34和0．0g～0．69。这些值均在正常范围内，符合有关标准规定的限值，皆为合格的建筑材料，其产销和适用范围均不受限制。     

多元线性超结构关系模型参数估计的大样本性质

讨论了如下线性超结构关系模型βｘｋ＋α＝０，ζｋ＝ｘｋ＋εｋｋ＝１，２，．．．ｎ，（εｋ，ｋ＝１，２，．．．ｎ）ｉ，ｉ，ｄ，Ｅ（ε１）＝０，Ｖａｒ（ε１）＝σ＾Ｉｍ其中（ｘｋ，ｋ＝１，２，．．．．，ｎ）为相互独立的ｍ维ｒ．ｖ．列，且和随机误差（ε，ｋ＝１，２，．．．．，ｎ）相互独立，在一定条件下，证明了ＬＳ估计量β，α，σ＾２的强相合性，唯一性，并给出了估计量的一类ａ．ｓ．收敛速度０（ｎ＾－１／２     

韩国通用塑料出口中国总量近50％

最近几年，韩国通用树脂出口越来越依存中国市场。据统计，韩国出口中国的通用树脂，2000年为470．5万吨，2001年为471．4万吨，2002年为487．2万吨，2003年为530．1万吨，2004年为565．9万吨，分别占其出口总量的40．5％、48．7％、47．7％、46．9％和46．1％。2004年，韩国出口中国市场的主要通用树脂为：低密度聚乙烯24．8万吨，高密度聚乙烯77．1万吨，     

萨索商品代肉鸡生产性能测定

通过测定特定饲养条件下萨索系列商品代肉鸡生产性能，结果表明：63日龄，红羽萨索肉鸡成活率100％，体重2．33kg，饲料报酬2．36：芦花萨索肉鸡成活率99．5％，体重2．14kg，饲料报酬2．26：黑羽萨索肉鸡成活率99．O％，体重1．95kg，饲料报酬2．31。     

1～5月份江西10种有色金属产品产量增加

1～5月份，江西有色金属行业持续快速增长，全行业完成工业总产值96．65亿元，同比增长123．39％；完成销售产值95．93亿元，同比增长128．62％。其中：江西铜业集团公司完成工业总产值67．52亿元，同比增长149．4％，工业销售产值67．73亿元，同比增长149．6％。     

从声波全波列波形曲线确定横波时差的方法

本文介绍五种横波速度确定方法，１．波形识别法；２．相关对比法，３．斯通利波法， ４．频谱分析法， ５．泊松比法。     

世界纳米科技发展趋势分析

近5年来，纳米技术逐步向物理．化学，新材料．信息技术．生物技术．医学．国防，环境．能源，农业与食品等领域渗透，已在众多领域取得了重大进步，一些纳米技术已经投入市场应用，纳米技术正在从基础研究向着应用研究和产业化的方向迅猛发展。     

广州市民用建筑室内环境状况分析研究

通过现场测试和调查的形式，对广州市室内环境几种主要参数进行测定。结果显示在7－9月期间，广州个人住宅平均温度为29．95℃，相对湿度为74．83％，呈闷热感，照度为86．05lx，噪声为57．86dB，办公室室内平均温度为27．44℃，相对湿度为60．78％，感觉稍热，照度为75．5lx，噪声为54．96dB。两者的噪声均略超标，但从总的调查结果来看，广州市的室内环境状况是基本令人满意。     

Biomaterials and Advanced Technologies for Hemostatic Management of Bleeding

Bleeding complications arising from trauma, surgery, and as congenital, disease‐associated, or drug‐induced blood disorders can cause significant morbidities and mortalities in civilian and military populations. Therefore, stoppage of bleeding (hemostasis) is of paramount clinical significance in prophylactic, surgical, and emergency scenarios. For externally accessible injuries, a variety of natural and synthetic biomaterials have undergone robust research, leading to hemostatic technologies including glues, bandages, tamponades, tourniquets, dressings, and procoagulant powders. In contrast, treatment of internal noncompressible hemorrhage still heavily depends on transfusion of whole blood or blood's hemostatic components (platelets, fibrinogen, and coagulation factors). Transfusion of platelets poses significant challenges of limited availability, high cost, contamination risks, short shelf‐life, low portability, performance variability, and immunological side effects, while use of fibrinogen or coagulation factors provides only partial mechanisms for hemostasis. With such considerations, significant interdisciplinary research endeavors have been focused on developing materials and technologies that can be manufactured conveniently, sterilized to minimize contamination and enhance shelf‐life, and administered intravenously to mimic, leverage, and amplify physiological hemostatic mechanisms. Here, a comprehensive review regarding the various topical, intracavitary, and intravenous hemostatic technologies in terms of materials, mechanisms, and state‐of‐art is provided, and challenges and opportunities to help advancement of the field are discussed.     

Breakthrough Technologies for the Biorefining of Organic Solid and Liquid Wastes

Organic solid and liquid wastes contain large amounts of energy, nutrients, and water, and should not be perceived as merely waste. Recycling, composting, and combustion of non-recyclables have been practiced for decades to capture the energy and values from municipal solid wastes. Treatment and disposal have been the primary management strategy for wastewater. As new technologies are emerging, alternative options for the utilization of both solid wastes and wastewater have become available. Considering the complexity of the chemical, physical, and biological properties of these wastes, multiple technologies may be required to maximize the energy and value recovery from the wastes. For this purpose, biorefining tends to be an appropriate approach to completely utilize the energy and value available in wastes. Research has demonstrated that non-recyclable waste materials and bio-solids can be converted into usable heat, electricity, fuel, and chemicals through a variety of processes, and the liquid waste streams have the potential to support crop and algae growth and provide other energy recovery and food production options. In this paper, we propose new biorefining schemes aimed at organic solid and liquid wastes from municipal sources, food and biological processing plants, and animal production facilities. Four new breakthrough technologies—namely, vacuum-assisted thermophilic anaerobic digestion, extended aquaponics, oily wastes to biodiesel via glycerolysis, and microwave-assisted thermochemical conversion—can be incorporated into the biorefining schemes, thereby enabling the complete utilization of those wastes for the production of chemicals, fertilizer, energy (biogas, syngas, biodiesel, and bio-oil), foods, and feeds, and resulting in clean water and a significant reduction in pollutant emissions.     

Clay‐Inspired MXene‐Based Electrochemical Devices and Photo‐Electrocatalyst: State‐of‐the‐Art Progresses and Challenges

MXene, an important and increasingly popular category of postgraphene 2D nanomaterials, has been rigorously investigated since early 2011 because of advantages including flexible tunability in element composition, hydrophobicity, metallic nature, unique in‐plane anisotropic structure, high charge‐carrier mobility, tunable band gap, and favorable optical and mechanical properties. To fully exploit these potentials and further expand beyond the existing boundaries, novel functional nanostructures spanning monolayer, multilayer, nanoparticles, and composites have been developed by means of intercalation, delamination, functionalization, hybridization, among others. Undeniably, the cutting‐edge developments and applications of clay‐inspired 2D MXene platform as electrochemical electrode or photo‐electrocatalyst have conferred superior performance and have made significant impact in the field of energy and advanced catalysis. This review provides an overview of the fundamental properties and synthesis routes of pure MXene, functionalized MXene and their hybrids, highlights the state‐of‐the‐art progresses of MXene‐based applications with respect to supercapacitors, batteries, electrocatalysis and photocatalysis, and presents the challenges and prospects in the burgeoning field.     

2D Monoelemental Arsenene,Antimonene, and Bismuthene: Beyond Black Phosphorus

Two‐dimensional materials are responsible for changing research in materials science. After graphene and its counterparts, graphane, fluorographene, and others were introduced, waves of renewed interest in 2D binary compounds occurred, such as in metal oxides, transition‐metal dichalcogenides (most often represented by MoS₂), metal oxy/hydroxide borides, and MXenes, to name the most prominent. Recently, interest has turned to two‐dimensional monoelemental structures, such as monolayer black phosphorus and, very recently, to monolayer arsenic, antimony, and bismuth. Here, a short overview is provided of the area of exponentially increasing research in arsenene, antimonene, and bismuthene, which belong to the fifth main group of elements, the so‐called pnictogens. A short review of historical work is provided, the properties of bulk allotropes of As, Sb, and Bi discussed, and then theoretical and experimental research on mono‐ and few‐layered arsenene, antimonene, and bismuthene addressed, discussing their structures and properties.     

Thermophysical properties of some key solids: An update

In 1985, the CODATA Bulletin published a Report of its Task Group on Thermophysical Properties of Solids which analyzed available data on, and gave recommended values for, the heat capacity of Cu, Fe, W, and Al₂O₃, the thermal expansion of Cu, Si, W, and Al₂O₃, the electrical resistivity of Cu, Fe, Pt, and W, the thermal conductivity of Al, Cu, Fe, and W, and the absolute thermopower of Pb, Cu, Pt, and W. The analysts for the different properties were R. B. Castanet, S. J. Collocott, P. D. Desai, C. Y. Ho, J. G. Hust, R. B. Roberts, C. A. Swenson, and G. K. White. The present paper is an updated version of the earlier report and includes more recent data which change some of the recommended values. notably the heat capacity of Cu and W and the thermal expansion of Si and W.     

Strength, Durability, and Safety of Engineering Systems

The evolution of approaches to the solution of machine dynamics and strength problems on the basis of determining static and dynamic nominal and local stresses of the operating load is discussed. It is shown how the material strength and plasticity characteristics, the cyclic strength characteristics in the high-cycle and low-cycle fatigue regions, the high-temperature long-term strength and creep characteristics, and the linear and nonlinear characteristics of fracture mechanics were sequentially used as the basic criterial parameters of the deformability and strength of structural materials. Particular emphasis was given to the results of studies on machine safety and catastrophe mechanics. Integrated approaches to the solution of strength and safety problems of potentially dangerous facilities (nuclear power stations, spacecraft complexes, aircraft, chemical plants, etc.) by analysis of all stages of their life cycle, including design, manufacture, testing, and operation, are discussed.     

Engineering Materials for Neurotechnology

Neurotechnology applies methods and devices to mitigate the burden of neurological and mental disorders. In particular, neural interfaces establish a long-term, seamless, symbiotic integration between implants and neural tissue. Materials play a pivotal role in neurotechnology. Advanced materials and materials engineering are crucial to achieving the desired function and outcome. Recently, neural interfaces extended their range of applications with the emergence of flexible, conformable, stretchable, injectable, and transient electronics. However, despite this enormous advancement in materials science and engineering, clinical devices still rely on old-fashioned but reliable materials and processes. The gap between research development and industry adoption has recently gained high interest. This article analyzes recent developments, discusses roadblocks, and provides a roadmap for materials engineering applied to neurotechnology.     

材料医学和医学材料

临床医学和生物材料的蓬勃发展, 促进了多种疾病的诊断成像、有效治疗和精准诊疗。材料与医学交叉学科(简称“材料医学”)的发展旨在克服传统临床医学面临的主要障碍和挑战, 如系统性毒性、生物利用度差、靶向部位特异性低、诊断/治疗效果不理想等。本文系统地阐述了近年来各种医学材料在疾病诊断、治疗和诊疗方面的应用进展, 特别是纳米医学材料的研究进展。首先, 重点讨论癌症治疗领域的生物医学成像(如光学成像、磁共振成像、超声成像、计算机断层成像等)和治疗策略(如光热治疗、动力学治疗、免疫治疗、协同治疗等)。此外, 我们还重点介绍了医学材料对骨组织工程、呼吸系统、中枢神经系统等疾病的诊断和治疗的最新进展, 并重点阐述了用于生物传感和抗微生物等其他代表性生物医学领域的医学材料。最后, 我们讨论了这些独特的医学材料在实际临床转化和应用中所面临的挑战和未来的机遇, 以促进其早日实现临床转化, 推动医学进步和造福患者。     

A review of recent research on mechanics of multifunctional composite materials and structures

In response to the marked increase in research activity and publications in multifunctional materials and structures in the last few years, this article is an attempt to identify the topics that are most relevant to multifunctional composite materials and structures and review representative journal publications that are related to those topics. Articles covering developments in both multiple structural functions and integrated structural and non-structural functions since 2000 are emphasized. Structural functions include mechanical properties like strength, stiffness, fracture toughness, and damping, while non-structural functions include electrical and/or thermal conductivity, sensing and actuation, energy harvesting/storage, self-healing capability, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, recyclability and biodegradability. Many of these recent developments are associated with polymeric composite materials and corresponding advances in nanomaterials and nanostructures, as are many of the articles reviewed. The article concludes with a discussion of recent applications of multifunctional materials and structures, such as morphing aircraft wings, structurally integrated electronic components, biomedical nanoparticles for dispensing drugs and diagnostics, and optically transparent impact absorbing structures. Several suggestions regarding future research needs are also presented.     

再论标准和标准化的基本概念

本文是作者再次对标准和标准化的概念进行讨论。首先讨论的是标准化的目的、主体和对象。作者认为标准化的目的是控制、有序化和统一化;标准化的主体是人/机构;标准化对象可以是具体的或抽象的事物,也可以是它们的组合;任何事物都可以抽象地表达为实体(entity)。第二,作者讨论了标准和标准化的本质以及它们的作用;认为从内容角度看,标准是匹配问题解决方案,也是为标准化对象规定需要满足的要求;从实施角度看,标准是规则;标准化则是制定、实施、传播标准的过程;标准的作用是能够创建并组织现实世界,并能够为相关方建立互相交流和共同理解的基础;标准化的作用是对创新方案进行选择和简化,阻止现实世界过度无序化发展,形成复杂化和简化之间的平衡。第三,作者讨论了标准的记录形式、自愿/强制属性和时空范围,认为标准的记录形式有文件、样品、图形符号、物理表达等多种形式;标准具有选择的自愿性和实施的强制性;标准在时空范围内是有限的。文章的结尾给出了理解标准化概念的框架。