热处理对磷酸钙微晶玻璃中β-Ca_2P_2O_7晶相含量的影响

在不同条件下对摩尔组分为 3Na2 O 12TiO2 5 7CaO 2 8P2 O5玻璃进行热处理 ,研究其热处理条件与微晶玻璃的 β Ca2 P2 O7晶相含量和生物活性的关系。实验结果表明 :该组成玻璃经热处理后 ,可以获得含有 β Ca2 P2 O7,CaTi4(PO4) 6 ,NaTi2 (PO4) 3和TiP2 O7晶相的微晶玻璃 ,β Ca2 P2 O7为主晶相。随着成核温度提高和成核时间的延长 ,β Ca2 P2 O7晶相在微晶玻璃中含量增加。含较多 β Ca2 P2 O7晶相的微晶玻璃有较强的生物活性 ,主要是由于 β Ca2 P2 O7晶相有较强的促进生物活性的能力 ,因而使微晶玻璃有较强的生物活性 ,其结果是改变微晶玻璃的热处理条件就改变了微晶玻璃的生物活性     

热处理对磷酸钙微晶玻璃中β-Ca2P2O7晶相含量的影响

在不同条件下对摩尔组分为3Na2O-12TiO2-57CaO-28P2O5玻璃进行热处理，研究其热处理条件与微晶玻璃的β-Ca2P2O7晶相古量和生物活性的关系。实验结果表明：该组成玻璃经热处理后，可以获得含有β-Ca2P2O7，CaTi4(PO4)6，NaTi2(PO4)3和TiP2O7晶相的微晶玻璃，β-Ca2P2O7为主晶相。随着成核温度提高和成核时间的延长，β-Ca2P2O7晶相在微晶玻璃中含量增加。含较多β-Ca2P2O7晶相的微晶玻璃有较强的生物活性，主要是由于β-Ca2P2O7晶相有较强的促进生物活性的能力，因而使微晶玻璃有较强的生物活性，其结果是改变微晶玻璃的热处理条件就改变了向微晶玻璃的生物活性。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备生物活性玻璃陶瓷的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备前驱体粉体,经高温煅烧制备了名义化学组成为MgO4．6,CaO44．9,SiO234．2,P2O516．3,CaF20．5(质量分数)的磷灰石-硅灰石生物活性玻璃陶瓷。用造孔工艺制备了其多孔型材料。通过实验观察、差热和热重分析。体积密度和气孔率的测量,粒度测试、X射线衍射分析。扫描电镜观测,FTIR转换红外光谱分析等方法。研究了玻璃陶瓷前驱体粉末的溶胶-凝胶制备工艺条件,玻璃陶瓷的烧结工艺条件;分析了材料的晶相结构和显微结构。实验结果表明：溶胶-凝胶法可制备出微细的非晶态前驱体粉末,经烧结后玻璃陶瓷主晶相为磷灰石及β-硅灰石。造孔后。多孔型材料具有良好的贯通孔隙结构：微观孔隙约2～3 μm,宏观孔隙约300～400 μm。鉴于其晶相组成及良好的微观结构,通过新型溶胶-凝胶工艺开发的生物活性玻璃陶瓷材料可望被用于骨修复材料及骨组织工程支架材料。     

工艺因素对α-Al2O3多孔陶瓷载体性能的影响

本文采用不同颗粒级配的α-Al2O3为骨料,以固相烧结法制备样品,采用扫描电镜分析试样的平均孔径;用真空法测显气孔率和吸水率;用机械拉力试验机测抗压强度。通过调整球磨时间、烧成温度、保温时间,探讨多孔陶瓷性能与工艺因素的关系。结果表明：球磨时间在1．5～2．5h,烧成温度在1200～1250℃。保温20～40min时,可制得平均孔径1～2μm、显气孔率40％～50％、抗压强度15～30MPa的α-Al2O3多孔陶瓷载体。     

基于正交试验的钡硼硅酸盐玻璃陶瓷的热处理制度研究

热处理是使玻璃陶瓷获得预定结晶相的关键工序.采用正交试验法研究了热处理制度(核化温度、晶化温度、保温时间)对钡硼硅酸盐玻璃陶瓷晶相结构和显微结构的影响.结果表明:采用一步法(核化、晶化同时进行)和二步法(核化、晶化分开进行)热处理时,样品的主晶相均为CaZrTi2O7-2M,还含有少量ZrO2相.对于两步法,在720℃核化2h、850℃晶化3h的条件下,钙钛锆石的晶相含量较高,晶粒为长条状,长约20～30 μm.当晶化温度较高(900～950℃)或晶化时间较长(2～3 h)时,都会出现CaTiSiO5晶相.各参数对玻璃陶瓷中晶相含量的影响顺序为:晶化温度＞核化温度＞晶化时间＞核化时间.一步法热处理温度变化对样品的晶相组成和显微结构变化较小.     

Na2SiF6晶核剂对废碎建筑玻璃制微晶玻璃的影响

利用废碎建筑玻璃制微晶玻璃,探讨不同含量的Na2SiF6晶核剂对微晶玻璃结构及性能的影响.用×RD和SEM及相关分析软件表征不同样品的晶相及微观形貌并测试试样的相关性能指标.实验结果表明:添加Na2SiF6晶核剂试样中形成三种晶相:Na2Ca3Si6O16、SiO2、Ca4F2Si2O7,其中Na2Ca3Si6O16和SiO2为主晶相,Na2SiF6晶核剂能够促进玻璃析晶.确定Na2SiF6最佳添加量为8%.对应的晶相(Na2Ca3Si6O16、SiO2、Ca4F2Si2O7)含量为54.56%,抗折强度为141.1 5MPa,体积密度为2.423g/cm3,吸水率为0.025%.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备铁磁性热种子材料

铁磁性微晶玻璃由于具有良好的磁性和生物活性,可以用来作为温热疗法治疗癌症的热种子材料。本文采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出SiO2-CaO-Fe2O3系基础铁磁性微晶玻璃,以及添加适量的Na2O、P2O5、FeO氧化物的铁磁性微晶玻璃。利用XRD测试样品中的晶相组成,采用VSM测试样品的磁性能数据。在模拟体液浸泡2-3周后,样品表面有羟基磷灰石层的形成,说明样品良好的生物活性。     

生物活性玻璃陶瓷的制备及强度影响因素分析

以CaO—SiO2-P2O3系统玻璃组成为基础，制备了生物活性玻璃陶瓷，借助于DTA、XRD及温度梯度炉法测定析晶温度等测试手段，分析和探讨了影响生物活性玻璃陶瓷材料强度的因素。结果表明，添加7．4wt％的碱金属氧化物、分别在620℃、880℃、1015℃温度下进行核化、析晶及烧结处理，可获得高强度的生物活性玻璃陶瓷，其强度可达128MPa。     

准同型相界附近(Na1-xKx)0.5Bi0.5TiO3的制备及性能研究

利用固相法制备了（Na1-xKx）0.5Bi0.5TiO3系压电陶瓷，XRD分析表明所得陶瓷样品为纯的钙钛矿结构，其准同型相界在x=0．18～0．22之间；电子探针显微分析显示所做陶瓷样品晶粒发育良好，具有规则的外形和明显的晶界；实验所得陶瓷样品损耗tanδ最大不超过5％，最好的压电常数d33=153 pC／N，平面机电耦合系数kp=0．299，它们分别出现在x=0．22和0．20处。     

钙钛锆石-钡硼硅酸盐玻璃陶瓷的制备及表征

采用熔融–热处理工艺制备了Si O2–B2O3–Ba O–Na2O–Ca O–Zr O2–Ti O2体系钙钛锆石基钡硼硅酸盐玻璃陶瓷,研究了Ca O、Ti O2、Zr O2(记为CTZ,摩尔比为2:2:1)含量对玻璃陶瓷相结构、显微结构的影响,采用产品一致性测试法(PCT)测试了玻璃陶瓷样品的抗浸出性能。结果表明:样品的玻璃转变温度为615~650℃且随着CTZ含量增加而升高。CTZ含量为35%的样品和CTZ含量为45%的样品分别在900和850℃附近出现了明显的放热峰。当CTZ含量≥30%时,钙钛锆石晶相开始析出;CTZ含量为45%时,样品中出现大量均匀分布的柱状钙钛锆石晶相;CTZ含量达55%时,样品致密性较差,除钙钛锆石晶相外还有榍石和二氧化硅晶相析出。PCT测试表明:CTZ含量为45%的样品具有较好的抗浸出性能,B和Na在42 d后的归一化质量损失约为0.1 g/m2,Si和Ca约为0.01 g/m2,与硼硅酸盐玻璃固化体处于同一数量级。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.