焦化二甲苯中邻二甲苯-间二甲苯分离萃取剂的研究

针对苯加氢过程中产生的二甲苯副产品进行邻间异构体的分离,通过模拟软件Aspen Plus建立的二甲苯分离模型,结合萃取精馏试验对其分离萃取剂进行研究。通过萃取精馏可以实现焦化二甲苯中邻二甲苯和间二甲苯组分的分离;利用二甲基亚砜作为萃取剂时,可以得到95%邻、间二甲苯产品,利用环丁砜作为萃取剂时,可以使间二甲苯产品纯度达到98%,但回收率较低。模拟试验结果为工业生产中实现分离二甲苯异构体提供了必要的基础数据。     

模拟移动床分离二甲苯试验

在省科技局、冶金局、湘潭市科委的关怀和领导下,湘潭钢铁厂于一九七三年成立模拟移动床分离二甲苯科研项目,研究生产上实现这项分离技术所必要掌握的机理和设计依据,要求从炼焦混合二甲苯中分离出对位二甲苯,并为这项工艺发展应用到冶金生产或其他化工生产中去建立一点认识。项目于七三年十月开展工作,年底建成试验装置,规模为年产对位二甲苯2吨。经过七四年一年来试验,已经取得成果,分离出来的对位二甲苯,纯度97.3％,碳八浓度10—11％,单程收率95％,将石油铂重整的混合二甲苯作了对比试验,结果相同。     

杯[8]芳烃衍生物的合成及其对镧、铈离子萃取分离研究

通过取代反应一步合成了一类对轻稀土离子萃取效率高,且具有一定选择性的杯[8]芳烃磷酸酯衍生物。研究结果表明,杯[8]芳烃磷酸酯衍生物对轻稀土La和Ce离子的萃取率可高达98%;与杯[8]芳烃相比,在相同条件下萃取率可提高10%。在一定的萃取条件下,杯[8]芳烃磷酸酯衍生物对La的萃取率比对Ce的萃取率高6%。若利用多级离心萃取分馏,可望实现对La和Ce离子的高效萃取分离。     

深冷结晶法分离对二甲苯

以武钢产的混合二甲苯为原料，采用深冷结晶的方法分离对二甲苯，经过实验室反复研试，找出最佳结晶条件，取得了对二甲苯纯度在９９％以上的结果，为扩大试验提供了可靠依据。     

C272萃取剂在稀土分离中的研究进展

综述了C272对稀土萃取分离性能的研究,比较了萃取剂C272与P507的优缺点,并指出单一 C272未能在稀土萃取分离应用的原因.详细介绍了C272与其它萃取剂混合作为稀土分离的协同萃取剂,阐述了协同萃取剂具有良好的萃取性能,并克服了单一 C272萃取剂的不足,分析了C272与不同类型萃取剂协同萃取分离稀土的行为,并解...     

杯[8]芳烃磷酸酯萃取分离镧铈混合离子的研究

合成了对叔丁基杯[8]芳烃磷酸酯(简记为TPA),通过红外光谱和核磁共振谱表征了TPA的结构,研究了TPA对镧铈混合离子的萃取分离条件,初步探讨了TPA萃取La~(3+)、Ce~(4+)的分离机理。在水相pH=6.5、O/A相比1∶1、萃取时间150 min、萃取剂浓度3.0×10~(-3) mol/L下,TPA对La~(3+)、Ce~(4+)的萃取分离效率最高,Ce~(4+)/La~(3+)分离因子为6.74,略优于传统萃取剂P507-磺化煤油,且无需对镧铈混合离子溶液进行皂化处理,无氨氮废水产生。TPA在镧铈混合离子溶液中对Ce~(4+)有较好的选择性,若利用多级离心萃取分馏,有望实现La~(3+)、Ce~(4+)的高效、无氨氮污染萃取分离。     

不同稀释剂中t-BAMBP萃取铷铯的研究

研究了以t-BAMBP作萃取剂,分别以二甲苯和二乙苯作稀释剂对铷、铯的萃取行为.考察了萃取温度、t-BAMBP浓度、振荡时间、振荡速度、料液相碱度与萃取相比对萃取的影响,比较两种稀释剂在各因素不同的影响.实验结果表明:二甲苯作稀释剂,铷、铯的分离系数较小,但其分配比较高;二乙苯作稀释剂,铷、铯的分离系数较大,但其分配比较低;温度对萃取的影响在二甲苯作稀释剂时更明显且低温对铷、铯萃取有利;不管是二甲苯还是二乙苯作稀释剂,铷、铯的分配比及分离系数均随t-BAMBP浓度的增加而增高,但浓度过高时粘度增加,影响分相速度;不管是二甲苯还是二乙苯作稀释剂,t-BAMBP萃取铷、铯反应较快,在5 min内达到平衡;振荡速度对萃取的影响在二乙苯作稀释剂时更明显,得出最佳振速为180～200 r·min(-1);不管是二甲苯还是二乙苯作稀释剂,铷、铯的分配比及分离系数均随料液相碱度的提高而增高,综合考虑最佳OH(-)浓度为1.0mol·L(-1);二甲苯与二乙苯作稀释剂时分别在萃取相比O/A为1/1和2/1时分配比及分离系数达最大值.     

结晶法分离混合二甲苯中的对二甲苯

对武钢焦化厂的混合二甲苯用分步冷冻结晶法分别在－７０～－６６℃，－１５～－１１℃结晶，重结晶，过滤，吸干，最后得到纯度和产率均符合要求的对二甲苯，并对影响结晶分离效果的各种因素作了初步探讨。     

实验室条件下微生物降解原油的地球化学特征

利用选育出的高效降解菌种对辽河油样进行了微生物降解实验,通过对原油样品微生物作用前后的族组分进行色谱质谱分析,分析了微生物降解对原油中饱和烃、芳烃及胶质和沥青质各组分在原油中相对含量和内部组成的影响.结果表明,辽河油样经微生物降解,120天后正构烷烃和无环类异戊二烯烃完全消失,芳烃中烷基萘也部分降解.以此探讨原油中各组分的地球化学特征,对石油的质量、加工及勘探都有指导作用.     

真菌提取物AMH的肿瘤化学预防活性组分追踪

目的:对真菌提取物AMH进行活性组分追踪,为分离其活性化学成分、开发抗癌药物提供基础.方法:采用苯并(a)芘诱发小鼠肿瘤实验,评价AMH的5个组分对苯并(a)芘诱发肿瘤的预防作用.结果:苯并(a)芘能诱导昆明种小鼠多个脏器发生肿瘤.AMH 5个组分对苯并(a)芘诱发小鼠肿瘤的作用存在明显差异,与阴性对照组相比,组分A、B、C、E具有促进肺腺瘤发生的作用(P<0.05);组分B和E能抑制苯并(a)芘诱导的脏器肿瘤(P<0.05);组分D具有抑制苯并(a)芘诱发小鼠脏器肿瘤和肺腺瘤的作用(P<0.01),是AMH中具有肿瘤化学预防作用的活性组分.结论:AMH组分D具有肿瘤化学预防作用,是下一步活性追踪的功效组分.     

C8芳烃的分离技术

对Ｃ８芳烃混合物的各种传统分离方法及最新分离方法作了系统综述，并对各种分离方法的基本原理作了简要介绍。     

重苯精馏工艺技术的开发与应用

由于重苯中成分复杂,分离提取较为困难,国内大多数厂家只进行初加工。潍焦集团利用重苯中各组分的熔沸点性质不同,应用精馏技术开发出一种重苯加工装置,分离出溶剂油、工业萘、α-甲基萘、β-甲基萘以及洗油等质量稳定的产品,实现了较好的经济效益。     

Application of MIVM for Pb-Sn System in Vacuum Distillation

The activity coefficients of components of the Pb-Sn binary alloy system were calculated based on the molecular interaction volume model (MIVM). A significant advantage of this model lies in its ability to predict the thermodynamic properties of liquid alloys using only two binary infinite activity coefficients. Based on the MIVM, the vapor-liquid phase equilibrium of the Pb-Sn alloy system in vacuum distillation has been predicted using the activity coefficients of Pb and Sn. The results showed that the content of tin in the vapor phase was 0.008?wt?pct, while in the liquid phase, it was 83?wt?pct at 1173?K (900?°C); it reached 0.022?wt?pct in the vapor phase, while in the liquid phase, it was 92?wt?pct at 1223?K (950?°C); and it was 0.052?wt?pct in the vapor phase, while in the liquid phase, it was 97.88?wt?pct at 1273?K (1000?°C). The content of tin in the vapor phase increased with the distillation temperature increasing. Experimental investigations into the separation of Pb and Sn from the Pb-Sn alloy by vacuum distillation were carried out for the proper interpretation of the results of the model. The influence of the distillation time (20 to 80?minutes) and the distillation temperatures of 1173?K, 1223?K, and 1273?K (900?°C, 950?°C, and 1000?°C) on the separating effect was also studied. The experimental results showed that the content of tin in the vapor phase was 0.085?wt?pct, while in liquid phase, it was 83?wt?pct under the operational conditions of distillation temperature of 1173?K (900?°C), evaporation time of 20?minutes, and chamber pressure of 20?Pa; it reached 0.18?wt?pct in the vapor phase, while in the liquid phase, it was 92?wt?pct at 1223?K (950?°C), 20?minutes, and 20?Pa; and it was 0.35?wt?pct in the vapor phase, while in the liquid phase, it was 97.88?wt?pct at 1273?K (1000?°C), 20?minutes, and 20?Pa. In all these experiments, it was observed that the content of tin in the vapor phase increased as the distillation time and temperatures were increased. The experimental results are in good agreement with the predicted values of the MIVM for the Pb-Sn binary system.     

锑砷合金除砷试验

研究了物料加入量、蒸馏温度、蒸馏时间和真空度对真空蒸馏分离锑砷合金的影响。在最佳试验条件下,一次蒸馏所得产物中含锑99.08%,含砷0.56%,锑回收率达到91.15%,基本实现了锑砷合金除砷的目标。砷以金属砷的形式产出,避免了二次污染。     

Program for the computation of plausibilities of paternity by means of serological findings. II. Demonstration of examples (author''s transl)

The authors elaborated a gas chromatographic method for the separation and partial identification of ether-soluble volatile flavour constituents obtained from the semimembranous muscles of raw and cooked (100 degree C) pork by distillation and subsequent extraction and condensation. The different constituents were identified using KOVATS index values. The KOVATS indices of the flavour constituents were calculated from the mean values of triplicate measurements performed at different temperatures, and compared with the values for test substances. The isothermal chromatograms of the samples tested at various temperatures were combined in such a manner that they contained of each isothermal record only the parts with the best separation and without superpositions and non-appearences of peaks. By means of the KOVATS index, 32 volatile constituents could be identified with great probability in the ether extract of the meat flavour. The presence of 8 of these constituents was also confirmed by thin-layer chromatography.     

Capillary electrophoresis in biochemical and clinical laboratoriesp selected attractive examples

As demonstrated by selected examples from our laboratories, CE is a unique methodology for purity control of synthetic as well as natural tissue-isolated biopolymers, a prerequisite before reliable biotestings should be performed. A combination of rapid matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass and CE electrophoretic mobility determinations facilitates primary sequence determinations of enzymatic peptide digest mixtures often making costly Edman degradations unnecessary. The enormous separation efficiency and large variety of different possible separation modes in CE, allow detection of single components in complex mixtures which is demonstrated by the apolipoprotein A-I determination in human blood serum in this communication.     

The preference of cholesterol for phosphatidylcholine in mixed phosphatidylcholine-phosphatidylethanolamine bilayers

The following phosphatidylethanolamines were studied by differential scanning calorimetry: 1,2-dipalmitoleoyl-, 1,2-dioleoyl-, 1,2-dilauroyl-, 1,2-dielaidyl-, 1,2-dimyristoyl- and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoryl-ethanolamine. The saturated and trans-unsaturated species underwent thermotropic phase transitions at temperatures about 20-30 degrees C higher than the corresponding phosphatidylcholines but the enthalpy changes were nearly identical. The transition temperatures for the cis-unsaturated species were about the same as those of the corresponding phosphatidylcholines but here the enthalpy change was markedly decreased as compared with the phosphatidylcholines. Freeze-fracture electron microscopy revealed phase changes from a lamellar to a hexagonal phase for 1,2-dipalmitoleoyl- and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-phosphorylethanolamine at 20 and 0 degrees C respectively. At these temperatures no transitions were apparent in the calorimeter scan. Incorporation of increasing amounts of cholesterol into phosphatidylethanol-amine bilayers gradually decreased the enthalpy changes of the phase transition in the same manner as was demonstrated before for phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol mixtures. This was studied both for 1,2-dipalmitoleoyl- and 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycerophosphorylethanolamine. In an equimolar mixture of 1,2-dioleoyl- and 1,2-dipalmitoylphosphoryl-ethanolamine, which showed phase separation, cholesterol preferentially decreased the transition of the lowest melting component. In equimolar mixtures of phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylcholines, which showed phase separation, cholesterol preferentially abolished the transition of the phosphatidylcholine component present. This occurred both in experiments where the phosphatidylcholine was the lowest melting and where it was the highest melting component present in the mixture. These experiments strongly suggest that in phosphatidylcholine-phosphatidylethanolamine mixtures at temperatures where both components are in the liquid-crystalline state cholesterol is preferently associated with the phosphatidylcholine component in the mixture.     

Distillation Separation of the Copper-Smelting Dusts with Primary Recovery of Lead

The processes of pyrometallurgical separation of the copper-smelting dusts in PPM OAO Uralelektromed’ with primary distillation separation of lead are studied. Conditions for the selective separation of the dusts are found using a thermodynamic simulation of equilibrium states. The calculation results are supported by the experimental results obtained on a laboratory furnace. Our data demonstrate that the distillation separation of the dusts can be applied to form intermediate products to be used for the recovery of lead, zinc, tin, copper, and cadmium.     

超重力冶金:科学原理、实验方法、技术基础、应用设计

超重力显著增大两相间的重力差,可用于加速固?液、液?液、液?气高温黏稠混和体的相分离速度;超重力具有定向性,避免搅拌等技术产生的熔体湍流返混,可用于深度脱除金属液中细小夹杂物;超重力条件下固?液界面张力微不足道,可容易实现微孔渗流;超重力条件下进行结晶凝固,按结晶顺序实现固?液分离,可用于制备梯度材料;超重力加速固?液分离,可细化凝固组织晶粒,但对非共晶熔体也易产生宏观偏析。将超重力技术应用于冶金及材料生产过程中,有望解决高温冶金和材料制备的一些难题,如复杂矿冶金渣有价组分的分离提取、冶炼渣中金属液的分离回收、多金属的熔析结晶分离、复杂矿直接还原铁的渣?金分离;在高端金属材料方面,应用超重力技术,有望解决近零夹物金属材料的精炼除杂难题,提高梯度功能材料、金属?陶瓷复合材料、多孔金属材料、器件材料表面电沉积修饰的制造水平。此外,在材料科学研究方面,超重力凝固可作为一种材料基因组高通量制备方法。      

锑铅合金真空蒸馏规律的研究

对锑铅合金在真空条件下的挥发规律及锑铅合金真空蒸馏分离进行了实验研究,结果表明,真空蒸馏的压力、蒸馏温度、蒸馏时间对馏出锑的铅含量、锑的挥发率有显著影响,真空蒸馏的方法可以用来分离锑铅。