某型军用V8发动机曲轴的动态强度分析

以某型军用V8发动机曲轴为研究对象,结合三维实体建模,有限元分析与柔性体生成技术,多体动力学的动态事件仿真等手段,搭建了曲轴系统柔性多体系统动力学的仿真分析模型,研究了曲轴在实际工况下实时动力学响应,找到曲轴在工作过程中的危险部位,并对该危险部位进行了结构优化,所得结果与实践结果吻合较好。     

起-停式定宽压力机刚柔耦合模型的动态仿真分析

为研究起-停式定宽压力机柔性体部件对机械运动精度的影响,分别应用Solid Works和ANSYS软件建立定宽压力机的三维刚体系统模型和侧压连杆的柔性体模型,并在动力学仿真软件ADAMS中采用替换法建立刚柔耦合虚拟样机模型,通过仿真分析,得到了锤头的行程、速度和加速度等运动学参数,侧压连杆与滑架和曲柄之间的接触力分布,侧压连杆的应力及变形情况,并对多刚体和刚柔耦合模型的仿真结果进行了对比,结果可知,刚柔耦合模型更能反映机构的真实运动,为其动态性能的评价和优化提供参考。     

曲轴铸造模具的动力学仿真分析

通过对曲轴铸造过程中动力学特性的分析,采用Pro/E建模、有限元分析以及动力学仿真模型等方法,实现了曲轴的铸造特性设计。结果表明,曲轴受到的载荷主要来自于连杆大头的作用力和转矩。轴颈两端较容易发生曲轴疲劳破坏,这些单元的载荷情况要着重进行检查。     

捕捉缓冲机构刚柔耦合多体动力学仿真研究

大部分动力学仿真分析采用的都是刚性构件，在现实生活中把构件看成刚性系统来处理可以满足要求，但这忽略了构件变形的影响。为了得到更真实有效的数据，就必须把模型的部分构件看作柔性体来处理。为研究某捕捉缓冲机构的动力学性能，从理论层面介绍动力学的研究方法和刚柔耦合研究的整体思路，并利用ANSYS和ADAMS导出的MNF文件和LOD文件，从刚柔耦合多体动力学的角度对捕捉缓冲机构进行了综合实验分析和对比。通过刚柔耦合研究实现了动力学和结构学的联合仿真，得到了更精确的仿真数据，在获得动力学测量数据的基础上又获得了结构学数据，使仿真结果更为全面，同时也为对结果要求较高的多体动力学工程仿真问题提供了参考。     

柱塞泵滑靴副油膜动态特性数值模拟北大核心

为研究滑靴副弹流润滑机制,对柱塞泵滑靴副油膜动态特性进行数值模拟。建立滑靴副油膜的离散化模型,通过求解滑靴副油膜雷诺方程,获得油膜压力分布;考虑滑靴副油膜厚度、油膜压力分布与滑靴动力学之间的耦合关系,通过求解滑靴动力学方程组获得油膜厚度变化率,更新滑靴副油膜动态压力分布和油膜厚度。利用MATLAB软件进行仿真模拟,分析滑靴副油膜动态压力分布和厚度变化规律,揭示滑靴副油膜动态特性。研究结果为提高滑靴副油膜承载能力和降低柱塞泵功耗提供参考。     

基于多体动力学仿真的曲柄连杆机构研究及实践教学

本研究以发动机曲柄连杆机构为研究对象,基于多刚体动力学分析理论,建立发动机曲柄连杆机构多刚体动力学模型[1-2].计算了发动机连杆在最大转矩工况和最大转速工况下连杆的动态应力,并与理论计算值对比,证明了仿真方法合理性[3].     

含裂纹曲轴动力学分析及裂纹扩展剩余寿命研究

曲轴在工作过程中不断受到重复性冲击载荷的作用,轴颈圆角处容易因为疲劳破坏而产生裂纹,但曲轴从开始出现裂纹直至断裂仍有一定的寿命。运用ADAMS和ANSYS软件对曲轴进行了刚柔耦合的动力学分析,得到各个连杆轴颈上的载荷谱。在ANSYS中将得到的载荷谱加载到曲轴连杆轴颈上,将加载完的模型导入FRANC3DV6.0软件,设置初始裂纹,进行裂纹扩展计算并运用Pairs公式进行寿命预测。结果表明,当裂纹深度达到21.21mm时,应力强度因子达到材料的断裂韧性,曲轴发生折断;含裂纹曲轴从出现裂纹到折断过程中,剩余寿命为5.91×106次。     

数控机床二轴数控转台动力学仿真与耦合分析

二轴数控转台是五轴联动数控机床的关键部件,文章运用多体动力学理论对摇篮式二轴数控转台的动力学特性进行了研究.首先建立转台的结构仿真模型和动力学模型,然后在理论推导动力学方程和耦合方程的基础之上,借助动力学仿真软件RecurDyn仿真并验证了其动力学性能和耦合作用.在进行耦合分析时,提出了一种将两轴单独运动与同时运动相对比的方法,得出了反映转台在各种运动状态下耦合作用的图形与数据,并提出优化设计的参考建议.     

多连杆高速压力机滑块运动曲线研究

分析了多连杆高速压力机传动系统的运动过程,利用ADAMS建立了多连杆传动系统的多体动力学模型,以开发中的多连杆高速压力机为例,仿真了多连杆机构运动过程中滑块的位移、速度和加速度曲线,研究了曲柄半径和固定支点H点位置对滑块曲线形态和行程的影响.仿真结果表明:与曲柄连杆机构的运动曲线相比,多连杆机构具有下死点附近速度低,回程速度高的特点;曲柄半径增大,滑块运动特性恶化,而固定支点H点位置OH长度对滑块曲线形态的改变有相反的作用.研究结果可供多连杆高速压力机开发参考.     

四辊轧机辊系刚柔耦合动力学建模研究

板带轧机的工作稳定性取决于系统的动力学特性,其中轧辊沿轴线方向的弯曲变形运动是影响板带厚度和表面质量的主要因素。几种运动形式相互影响、耦合作用,令轧机辊系成为一个复杂多变量动态系统。为综合考虑轧制过程中轧辊不同振动形式之间的耦合效应,同时考虑工作辊动特性与轧制外载荷动态增量之间的相互作用关系,本文分别建立了辊系刚柔耦合动力学模型、轧机系统刚性振动耦合动力学模型和轧制变形区耦合动力学模型。通过建立的四辊轧机刚柔耦合动力学模型体系,对轧制过程进行动态控制,仿真分析了轧制过程中轧机辊系和变形区内轧件的动力学特性。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。