储氢技术研究进展

介绍了高压压缩储氢、深冷液化储氢、金属氢化物储氢、碳纳米管吸附储氢及有机液体氢化物储氢等几种储氢技术的发展现状,并指出储氢技术未来的发展方向.     

储氢材料在高能固体火箭推进剂中的应用

系统介绍了金属氢化物、金属配位氢化物、金属氮氢化合物以及氨硼烷等储氢材料,在此基础上总结了储氢合金、轻金属氢化物和金属硼氢化合物在高能固体火箭推进剂领域的应用研究进展,指出上述储氢材料能够促进推进剂组分的分解,改善推进剂的燃烧性能并提高推进剂的能量性能;同时分析了各类储氢材料在高能固体推进剂中的应用前景和制约因素,提出金属氢化物和金属配位氢化物是可能应用于高能固体火箭推进剂的储氢材料;同时,需重点关注储氢材料对氧气和水的高敏感性以及与推进剂的相容性差等可能的制约因素。附参考文献37篇。     

镁基储氢材料在含能材料中的应用

根据化学结构不同将镁基储氢材料分为镁基储氢合金氢化物、氢化镁和镁基配位氢化物3类,分别介绍了3类镁基储氢材料在含能材料中应用的研究进展;分析了镁基储氢材料在含能材料中的应用前景和存在的问题;介绍了计算机模拟技术在研究镁基储氢材料对推进剂热分解影响中的应用情况。结果显示,镁基储氢材料能够通过促进含能材料的热分解过程提升其能量水平,同时其较高的热稳定性有利于改善含能材料组分的相容性和安定性。镁基储氢合金氢化物、氢化镁和镁基配位氢化物均可显著提高固体推进剂和炸药的应用性能。因此,镁基储氢材料在含能材料领域具有广阔的应用前景。附参考文献47篇。     

化学储氢研究进展

氢气作为一种高效、清洁的能量载体,被视为21世纪最具发展潜力的能源。氢的储存是氢能规模化应用的关键,相比于物理储氢,化学储氢更加高效安全。常用的化学储氢方式主要有金属氢化物、配位氢化物、有机液体氢化物等。本文综述了上述3种主要储氢方式的研究进展并指出存在的问题。金属氢化物中,如新近发现的多相R-Mg-Ni系储氢合金储氢量较高,价格低廉,但其仍存在过于稳定、加/脱氢动力学性能差等问题;配位氢化物含有丰富的轻金属元素,储氢密度较高,但存在可逆循环性能差的问题,限制了其应用;液体有机物储氢量高,还可以同汽油一样在常温常压下运输,且环己烷、苯等液体有机储氢介质均为工业上可以大规模生产的化学品,如果能开发出高稳定性、高转化率和高选择性的脱氢催化剂,将大幅度推动氢能规模化应用。     

浅谈金属氢化物储氢及常用的金属储氢材料

综述了具有安全性能高、储氢密度大和便于运输优点的金属氢化物储氢技术及其常用材料,主要包括综述镧系、钛系、镁系和锂系等不同金属储氢材料国内外应用现状;介绍了金属氢化物材料的储氢原理、容量和动力学行为,表明通过加入适当的催化剂以及通过引入具有改善的表面性质的缺陷的球磨,可以提高材料动力学性质和循环寿命。提出通过改善金属氢化物的热行为和循环行为,研发具有竞争性的高容量储氢材料。     

储氢功能材料的研究进展

综述了各种不同储氢材料的分类、储氢机理、研究进展,指出未来应用于质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）车用氢燃料电池中的储氢材料,最具发展潜力的是大容量储氢合金、锂-铝及锂-硼金属配位氢化物和有机液体储氢。     

储氢技术的研究发展现状

简要介绍了高压储氢、液化储氢、金属氢化物储氢和有机液体氢化物储氢等几种主要储氢技术的原理和研究进展.讨论分析了各种储氢技术的特点,指出有机氢化物在低温下高效脱氢,将是储氢技术的发展方向.     

新型储氢材料研究进展

氢能作为一种环保可再生的新型能源,生产技术逐渐走向成熟,成本大幅度下降,将迎来快速发展的机遇期。氢能被广泛利用的关键在于是否能够实现高效储存。本文重点讨论了四类新型储氢材料,即金属络合氢化物储氢材料、碳纳米管储氢材料、沸石以及新型沸石类材料、有机液态储氢材料。文章指出：金属络合氢化物储氢材料储存压力低但循环稳定性差;碳纳米管储氢材料已经有很长的发展历史,安全性高且易脱氢,然而目前对其储氢机理认识不够成熟;沸石以及新型沸石类材料价格低廉,但是对反应条件的要求高;有机液态储氢材料被认为是大规模储存和运输的可行选择,然而昂贵的成本和苛刻的反应条件限制了其发展。文章指出后续需要改进并开发具有较高存储容量和具有经济价值的储氢材料。     

基于金属氢化物的热能-机械能转换系统的研究进展

金属氢化物是近年来在节能方面应用较为广泛的一种高性能材料.简述了热能-机械能转换系统的工作原理以及其具体的应用方式,如热机、氢压缩机和太阳能水泵等,存在合金储氢量低、易中毒、反应床传热传质性能不佳及整体效率低下等主要问题,并对氢化物热能-机械能转换系统进行了展望.     

AB5型金属氢化物研究概述

本文简要介绍了金属氢化物的储氢原理,分析了不同金属氢化物的优缺点,并着重介绍了改善AB5型金属氢化物储氢性能的方法。     

硼氢化钠水解制氢技术研究进展

随着石化能源的日益枯竭,氢能成为解决当前能源危机的一种新能源。制氢的方式多种多样,由于金属氢化物在储氢容量上具有其他材料无法比拟的优势,因此,金属氢化物制氢技术得到了迅速发展。硼氢化钠就是一种典型的金属氢化物,硼氢化钠水解制氢技术作为一种安全、方便的新型制氢技术,已成为当前燃料电池氢源研究中的热点之一。介绍了硼氢化钠制氢原理;综述了硼氢化钠水解制氢技术的优点、影响产氢速率的因素;对硼氢化钠制氢技术的装置进行了举例说明;指出了目前此技术所存在的问题;概述了此技术的应用与发展前景。     

规模储氢技术及其研究进展

介绍了几种常用的储氢技术如高压压缩储氢技术、吸氢物质强化压缩储氢技术、液化储氢技术和金属氢化物储氢技术的研究进展,并对规模储氢技术的发展前景进行了预测和展望,指出规模储氢技术目前急待解决的问题是提高储氢密度、储氢安全性和降低储氢成本。     

煤基石墨烯及复合材料在储能领域的应用

石墨烯及复合材料具有比表面积大、电导率高、导热性能和力学性能良好等优点,在电极材料、传感器、储氢材料等领域具有广泛的应用。但以高碳含量的天然资源煤为前体制备煤基石墨烯及复合材料达到煤炭清洁高效利用的研究目前报道有限,尤其是将其作为电极材料应用到储能领域的研究较少。本文重点总结了以不同煤质及衍生物为原料构建不同形貌和结构的煤基石墨烯及复合材料的方法以及存在的问题,详细介绍了煤基石墨烯及复合材料在储能领域,尤其是超级电容器、锂离子电池及钠离子电池领域的应用研究现状,最后提出了当前煤基石墨烯及复合材料的主要研究方向。该综述旨在为煤基新型石墨烯及复合材料的制备开发以及在储能领域的应用提供一定的思路。     

直接法合成三氢化铝的研究进展

三氢化铝被用于新型氢能量电池、储氢材料、有机反应还原剂、加聚反应催化剂等的研究，但因其合成成本高、反应条件苛刻、产率低、产物不利于分离提纯等特点而限制了它的规模生产。铝、氢气作原料直接合成三氢化铝原料简单、催化易反应，是唯一可能实现工业化生产的方法。叙述了氢化铝直接合成的方法及各自的特点，展望了直接法合成氢化铝的研究趋势。     

Recent Development in Nanoconfined Hydrides for Energy Storage

Hydrogen is the ultimate vector for a carbon-free, sustainable green-energy. While being the most promising candidate to serve this purpose, hydrogen inherits a series of characteristics making it particularly difficult to handle, store, transport and use in a safe manner. The researchers’ attention has thus shifted to storing hydrogen in its more manageable forms: the light metal hydrides and related derivatives (ammonia-borane, tetrahydridoborates/borohydrides, tetrahydridoaluminates/alanates or reactive hydride composites). Even then, the thermodynamic and kinetic behavior faces either too high energy barriers or sluggish kinetics (or both), and an efficient tool to overcome these issues is through nanoconfinement. Nanoconfined energy storage materials are the current state-of-the-art approach regarding hydrogen storage field, and the current review aims to summarize the most recent progress in this intriguing field. The latest reviews concerning H₂ production and storage are discussed, and the shift from bulk to nanomaterials is described in the context of physical and chemical aspects of nanoconfinement effects in the obtained nanocomposites. The types of hosts used for hydrogen materials are divided in classes of substances, the mean of hydride inclusion in said hosts and the classes of hydrogen storage materials are presented with their most recent trends and future prospects.     

Design and optimization of hydrogen storage units using advanced solid materials: General mathematical framework and recent developments

This review presents the general mathematical framework of modeling, design and optimization of hydrogen storage using advanced solid materials. The emphasis is given on metal hydride storage tanks, since these systems have been well studied in the literature, both theoretically and experimentally, and are expected to offer significant advantages when current research and development efforts succeed in commercializing the required technology. Enhanced cooling during hydrogen filling of the storage tank is found to be essential to improve hydrogen storage time requirements. For this reason several innovative design strategies for heat exchanger configurations are presented and evaluated in terms of process design and performance improvement. Finally, control and optimization of certain operating conditions can also have a significant impact in hydrogen storage operation.     

Application of Danckwerts-type boundary conditions to the modeling of the thermal behavior of metal hydride reactors

The paper presents a model-based investigation of a metal hydride reactor applied as a solid state hydrogen storage device. The elements of a metal hydride reactor are hydrogen supply duct, internal hydrogen distribution, hydride bed, reactor shell and the flow domain of the heat transfer fluid. Internal hydrogen distribution and hydride bed are porous media. Therefore, hydrogen flows through non-porous and porous regions during its reversible exothermic absorption and endothermic desorption, respectively. The interface between porous and non-porous regions is a discontinuity with respect to energy transport mechanisms. Hence, Danckwerts-type boundary conditions for the energy balance equation are introduced. Application of the first and second law of thermodynamics to the interface reveals that temperature jumps may occur at the hydrogen inlet but are not allowed at the hydrogen outlet. Exemplarily the loading behavior of a metal hydride storage tank based on sodium alanate is analyzed. It is demonstrated and experimentally validated that only Danckwerts-type boundary conditions predict the important cooling effect of the inlet hydrogen on the exothermic absorption process correctly.     

Noble metal (Pd, Ru, Rh, Pt, Au, Ag) doped graphene hybrids for electrocatalysis

Metal decorated graphene materials are highly important for catalysis. In this work, noble metal doped-graphene hybrids were prepared by a simple and scalable method. The thermal reductions of metal doped-graphite oxide precursors were carried out in nitrogen and hydrogen atmospheres and the effects of these atmospheres as well as the metal components on the characteristics and catalytic capabilities of the hybrid materials were studied. The hybrids exfoliated in nitrogen atmosphere contained a higher amount of oxygen-containing groups and lower density of defects on their surfaces than hybrids exfoliated in hydrogen atmosphere. The metals significantly affected the electrochemical behavior and catalysis of compounds that are important in energy production and storage and in electrochemical sensing. Research in the field of energy storage and production, electrochemical sensing and biosensing as well as biomedical devices can take advantage of the properties and catalytic capabilities of the metal doped graphene hybrids.     

金属氢化物贮氢材料及实验方法

对金属氢化物贮氢材料及其贮氢性能进行了综合评述；探讨了其发展趋势；简要介绍了新材料的制备、性能测试等实验方法。