加晶种的油脂分提方法的初步探讨

本文对加晶种的油脂分提进行了初步探讨。提出在分离高熔点组分的油脂分提结晶过程中添加一部分被分提油脂的晶液的方法。 本文叙述了该方法的工艺要点,并且对该方法所用的晶种的形状,结构,数量进行了研究,并在乌桕皮油制取类可可脂的分提方面作了尝试。指出了该方法具有液态油得率较油脂干法分提为高;分提结晶所需时间较短;晶液分离较为容易;分提所需设备较为简单;生产成本较低等优点。 本文试以结晶动力学理论对本文提出的加晶种的油脂分提方法作一解释,并提出该方法在油脂冬化、氢化油、交酯油分提方面应用的可能性。     

干法油脂分提

介绍了比利时迪斯美集团的干法油脂分提分离油脂和脂肪酸的方法，着重介绍了干法油脂分提的基本原理、加工条件以及该方法的先进性。     

油脂分提工艺的进展与应用

油脂分提结晶技术始于20世纪初,分提工艺经近百年的发展,特别是20世纪70年代中叶棕榈油产量的迅猛增加有力地推动了分提技术设备的进步,尤其隔膜压滤机在干法分提中的应用.目前干法分提工艺已被广泛地应用于多种油脂的分提,并能生产出顶级油酸甘油酯、超级硬脂、食品专用油脂在内的多种油脂产品.     

油脂干法分提及其应用

介绍了油脂干法分提的原理和意义，着重介绍分提设备以及干法分提在棕榈油、牛脂、无水乳脂、禽脂、鱼油中的应用。     

猪油干法分提

我国猪油来源丰富,但其晶型为β晶体,颗粒较大,影响口感,故对其进行干法分提改性.干法分提是基于不同类型的甘三酯熔点的差异,将高熔点组分与低熔点组分分离.经干法二次分提的猪油,液体油熔点可达到11.4℃,在室温下呈液态,分提后的固脂经脱臭后可作为人造奶油、起酥油的原料.影响干法分提的因素主要有结晶温度、冷却速率、养晶时间、搅拌速率,通过正交实验确定干法一次分提的最优条件为:结晶温度21℃,冷却速率2℃/h,养晶时间9 h,慢速搅拌.二次干法分提的条件为:结晶温度16℃,养晶时间30 h.     

棉籽油干法分提工艺实践及分提产品的应用

对棉籽油干法分提工艺进行了介绍.重点对棉籽油结晶养晶及过滤过程的工艺参数及设备性能进行了介绍.该棉籽干法分提工艺无废水及溶剂污染,采用PLC系统控制实现了自动化及信息化,产品质量较高.并对棉籽油分提产品——棉籽液油及固体脂在食品工业中的应用进行了介绍.     

干法分提制备液化猪油工艺

为使猪油在常温下可呈液态,采用两次干法分提的方法对结晶温度、冷却速率、养晶时间分别进行单因素和正交试验：将猪油加热平衡后以一定的速率冷却至一定的温度,在晶核形成后经过特定的时间进行养晶使晶体形成,最后通过离心法使固液相分离;同时探讨搅拌方式和一次干法分提的平衡温度对分提效果的影响。结果表明：一次分提最佳条件为结晶温度21℃、冷却速率2℃/h、养晶时间14h;二次分提最佳条件为结晶温度16℃、冷却速率0.5℃/h、养晶时间30h;一次分提液化猪油的得率可达81.59%,二次分提液化猪油的得率可达79.93%。经二次干法分提得到的猪油在室温下可呈液态。     

油脂改性技术研究现状及发展趋势

油脂改性主要包括分提、氢化及酯交换3种方法.主要对这3种油脂改性技术的起源、分类、各自的优劣性以及目前的应用及研究现状进行了介绍,同时指出这3种改性技术存在的问题,并对其未来发展进行了展望.干法分提是物理改性过程,生产中无反式脂肪酸生成、无催化剂污染,因而其应用前景广阔;油脂氢化过程存在反式脂肪酸问题,今后应重点开发具有高活性、低反式脂肪酸、低消耗的催化剂体系;酶法酯交换具有高效、专一,反应条件温和,副产物少,污染少,将是今后油脂改性的重要方法.     

棕榈油的分提方法

棕榈油的分提方法有:干法分提、溶剂分提及表面活性剂分提.综述了这三种方法的原理及加工条件,尤其是干法分提工艺及设备.     

猪油OPO富集与猪油分提组分物性研究

本试验利用干法分提、溶剂法分提和干法偶联溶剂法分提3种工艺来对猪油进行改性,对比了3种不同工艺条件下的分提液脂的1,3-2油酸-2棕榈酸(OPO)富集效果,同时对每种工艺条件下的分提产物进行了全面的理化性质分析。试验结果表明:分提液脂中OPO含量均有一定程度的富集,干法分提液脂的OPO含量为26.12%,溶剂法分提液脂OPO含量为34.02%,干法偶联溶剂法分提工艺OPO含量为43.36%,确定富集OPO的最佳工艺条件为干法偶联溶剂法分提工艺。     

Effect of dietary flax seed and oil on milk yield,gross composition,and fatty acid profile in dairy cows: A meta-analysis and meta-regression

Several experiments were conducted over the past few years to evaluate the feeding value of flax seed and oil in dairy cow diets. The current meta-analysis and meta-regression was undertaken to assess the overall effect of different forms of flax, as a source of trienoic (cis-9,cis-12,cis-15 18:3) fatty acids (FA), on lactation performance and on transfer efficiency of its constituent n-3 FA from diet to milk fat. Comparisons were first conducted with nonsupplemented controls or with diets containing either saturated (mainly 16:0 or 18:0 or both), monoenoic (mainly cis-9 18:1), or dienoic (mainly cis-9,cis-12 18:2) FA. Results indicate that supplementing flax seed and oil decreased dry matter intake, as well as actual and energy-corrected milk yield without affecting the efficiency of utilization of dietary dry matter or energy as compared with nonsupplemented iso-energetic controls. When compared with the other 3 types of dietary fat evaluated, flax rich in trienoic FA supported a yield of energy-corrected milk similar to supplements rich in saturated, monoenoic, or dienoic FA. Greater milk fat concentration and feed efficiency were observed with saturated supplements. However, milk fat concentration and yield were lower with dienoic FA than with flax supplements. Further analyses were conducted to compare the effect of different forms of flax oil, seed, or fractions of seed. Among the 6 categories evaluated, mechanically processed whole seed (rolled or ground) allowed the greatest yield of energy-corrected milk and the best feed efficiency when compared with free oil, intact or extruded whole seed, protected flax, and flax hulls. Feeding protected flax and flax hulls allowed the greatest milk fat concentration of cis-9,cis-12,cis-15 18:3. Moreover, the greatest transfer efficiencies of this fatty acid from diet to milk were recorded with the same 2 treatments, plus the mechanically processed whole seed. These results make this last category the most suitable treatment, among the 6 flax forms evaluated, to combine optimum lactation performance and protection of flax constituent cis-9,cis-12,cis-15 18:3.     

溶剂萃取脱酸前后麻疯树籽油脂肪酸组成分析

用实验方法对脱酸后麻疯籽油中析出白色结晶物现象进行分析,认为该现象是因麻疯树籽油在溶剂中萃取脱酸时,处于分散状态各种脂肪酸在较低温度下(约为5-8℃左右)处于固体脂肪酸和液体脂肪酸熔点之间,固体脂肪酸凝固点高,呈晶体,液体脂肪酸凝固点低,呈液态,脂肪酸组成发生变化所致。用气相色谱法分析萃取脱酸后白色结晶物和液体麻疯籽油脂肪酸组成,有助于麻疯籽油进一步开发利用。     

Determination of moisture and oil in the seed of winter rape (Brassica napus) II.-Comparison of extraction methods for the estimation of oil

The rate of oil extraction from moist and dry rape seed was compared over an extraction time of 20 h and showed oil to be more readily extractable from oven-dried seed. Three methods of determining the oil content by extraction of single samples were compared with a method in which a number of samples contained in single satchets were extracted in one large extractor. No significant differences were shown between any of the methods used, and it is proposed where sample numbers are large, and oil content is the only analysis required, that the multiple extraction method of oven-dried seed is satisfactorily quick and accurate.     

七种籽油新食品原料的研究进展

与其他食用油脂相比,籽油新食品原料的不饱和脂肪酸含量更丰富,更受消费者青睐。其中,来源于植物成熟种子的七种籽油新食品原料:杜仲籽油、茶叶籽油、元宝枫籽油、牡丹籽油、盐地碱蓬籽油、水飞蓟籽油和番茄籽油,不仅富含不饱和脂肪酸还含有多种维生素、微量元素和黄酮类物质等活性成分,在食品、医药和化妆品等行业有着广阔的发展前景。本文综述了七种籽油原料的来源情况、提取方法、公示情况、主要营养成分、功能性和安全性研究进展,探讨了籽油新食品原料应用前景,以期为籽油类新食品原料的开发利用提供一定的理论参考。     

液晶态分离提纯大豆磷脂的研究

水化油脚中的大豆磷脂在一定条件下可以转变成液晶状态。液晶态大豆磷脂具有良好的流动性和较高的纯度,与水化油脚中的其它物质,如油脂和其它杂质等易于分离。液晶态大豆磷脂(干基)的丙酮不溶物(AI值)高达85%,可以粉碎成颗粒。这种颗粒磷脂非常适合超临界二氧化碳流体萃取技术对物料的要求,从而为超临界二氧化碳流体萃取技术生产AI值超过95%颗粒磷脂的工业化构建了必要的技术平台。本研究不仅可以避免现行的丙酮萃取脱油技术所带来的环境和产品污染,而且还可以降低生产成本。     

Composition and Food Potential of African Oil Bean (Pentaclethra macrophylla) and Velvet Bean (Mucuna uriens)

Fatty acids, protein and amino acids of African oil bean seed (Pentaclethra macrophylla) and velvet beans (Mucuna uriens) were studied. Crude protein of the defatted seeds were 341g and 196g per kilogram dry matter and the ether extract was 46 and 8%, respectively, for oil bean seed and mucuna. Essential amino acids composition compared fairly with that of isolated soybean protein. Lysine was high at 66.5 and 66.4g/kg crude protein (nitrogen × 6.25) for oil bean seed and mucuna, respectively. Methionine was low but cystine was high. The fat had a high content of saturated fatty acids. It is suggested that the seeds may be a potential source of protein and oil.     

薏苡仁油主要成分及其功能性研究进展

薏苡是一种药食同源的谷类作物,原产于我国,种植历史悠久。薏苡仁油是提取自薏苡仁或薏苡仁加工副产物麸皮中的油脂及脂溶性功能成分的混合物。研究表明,薏苡仁油具有降脂、抗癌等作用。综述了薏苡仁油主要成分及其功能性的国内外研究进展,提出了目前存在的不足并展望研究方向,旨在为薏苡仁油综合开发利用及其功能机制的深入研究提供参考。     

猕猴桃籽油软胶囊研究

研究了猕猴桃籽油超临界CO2 萃取的操作条件与保健软胶囊生产工艺 ,并对软胶囊进行了安全性评价试验与保健功能评价试验。结果表明 ,该产品具有辅助降低血脂和延缓衰老等功能。     

Quality characteristics of reduced-fat frankfurters with pork fat replaced by sunflower seed oils and dietary fiber extracted from makgeolli lees

The effects of reducing pork fat levels from 30% to 20% by partially substituting pork fat with a mix of sunflower seed oil (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%) and makgeolli lees fiber (2%) were investigated based on physicochemical properties, textural properties, and sensory characteristics of reduced-fat frankfurters. The moisture and ash content, and lightness were higher in reduced-fat frankfurter samples containing sunflower seed oil and makgeolli lees fiber than in the control. The results showed that reduced-fat frankfurter samples with higher sunflower seed oil levels had lower redness and yellowness values, as well as less cooking loss, emulsion stability, hardness, springiness, and apparent viscosity. The results of this study show that incorporating sunflower seed oil and makgeolli lees fiber into the formulation successfully reduced animal fat in frankfurters, while improving quality characteristics.     

苹果籽及其油脂特性的测定研究

以富士和新红星两个品种的苹果籽为原料,经索氏提取后测定了它们的粗蛋白含量、粗脂肪含量及理化性质,用气相色谱法分析了其脂肪酸组成,结果表明,富士和新红星苹果籽的粗蛋白含量分别为48.85%和49.55%,粗脂肪含量分别为23.69%和24.32%;苹果籽油的理化指标符合食用油标准,富士苹果籽油中油酸和亚油酸的含量分别为37.49%和51.40%,新红星苹果籽油中油酸和亚油酸的含量分别为38.55%和50.70%,苹果籽油具有良好的商业开发前景。