基于近红外高光谱成像技术的长枣含水量无损检测

利用近红外(NIR)高光谱(900~1 700nm)成像技术对灵武长枣含水量的无损检测进行了研究。通过900~1 700nm高光谱成像系统采集了128个长枣图像,对原始光谱与Savitzky-Golay平滑处理后的光谱反射率R曲线、吸收率A曲线和Kubelka-Munk函数(KM)等曲线的偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)模型进行对比分析;采用PLSR的加权β系数分别提取不同光谱参数下的特征波长,建立RPLSR、A-PLSR和KM-PLSR的长枣含水量预测模型。结果表明,采用原始光谱建立的PLSR模型优于Savitzky-Golay平滑的PLSR模型;原始光谱的特征波长建立的PLSR模型优于全波段的PLSR模型,特征波长建立的KM-PLSR模型优于R-PLSR、A-PLSR模型,决定系数(R2)和预测均方根误差(RMSEP)分别为0.793、1.828。这表明,NIR高光谱成像技术提取特征波长进行长枣水分检测是可行的,同时也为今后长枣品质在线检测提供了理论依据。     

基于高光谱成像技术的小黄瓜水分无损检测

利用近红外高光谱成像技术对小黄瓜的水分进行无损检测研究。采用多元散射校正和 Savitzky-Golay 卷积平滑对900~1700 nm波段范围内的原始光谱进行预处理,选取最优的预处理方法;运用偏最小二乘回归系数选择特征波长,建立全波段和特征波长下的偏最小二乘水分预测模型。结果表明,经过Savitzky-Golay卷积平滑处理后的光谱建模效果最好,且利用特征波长建立的小黄瓜水分校正和验证模型的相关系数和均方根误差分别为0.86,0.90 和0.111,0.156,优于全波段建立的模型。研究表明,采用高光谱成像技术对小黄瓜水分的无损检测是可行的。     

基于高光谱成像技术的土壤盐分含量检测

利用NIR高光谱仪(光谱范围900~1700nm)对土壤含 盐量进行了无损检测,对比分析不同含盐量土壤的水分变化情况、不同时间下土壤光谱曲线 的差异。结果表明,随着土壤中含盐量的增加,土壤中水分蒸发情况受到的影响程度不同, 从而使得不同含盐量土壤的反射率存在明显的规律;在此基础上,对比分析了不同预处理方 法,优选出原始光谱;利用多元线性回归(multiple linear regression,MLR)、主成分回归 (principal component regression,PCR)与偏最小二乘回归(partial least squares regre ssion,PLSR)方法对900700 nm范围的特征波长建立模型,对比分析不同建模效果,优选β系数提取的特征波长的P LSR模型,特征波长为936、1016136、 1151186273395425458535642 nm,最优模型的预测相关系数为0.949,预测均方根误差为2.914 g/kg。因此,今后可采用 不同波段对土壤含盐量进行定量分析,为今后表层土壤含盐量遥感预测奠定基础。     

基于高光谱图谱融合技术的宁夏滩羊肉嫩度检测方法研究

利用可见/近红外高光谱图谱融合技术对宁夏滩 羊肉嫩度检测进行研究。通过高光谱系统(400～1000nm)采集了128个滩羊肉图像,对原始光谱结合偏 最小二乘回归(PLSR)模型进行多种光谱预处理研究,优选出S-G卷积平滑预 处理方法,采用PLSR的加权β系数提取9个特征波长,对比分析 全波段与特征 波长下的PLSR模型;同时提取出与羊肉嫩度相关的4个图像特征参数,建立基 于图像特征的多元线性回归(MLR)模型;在此基础上,融合特征波长与表面脂肪分布图像特 征 参数建立了羊肉嫩度的PLSR模型。结果表明,采用单一光谱数据下S-G卷积平 滑预处理结合特征波长建立的PLSR模型取得了较好预测效果,基于图谱特征 变量融合的PLSR模型相比于单一光谱模型效果更佳,预测集的相关系数和预测 均方根误差(RMSEP)分别为0.89和0.73,表明本文提出的方法 进行羊肉嫩度定量检测是可行的。     

高光谱成像技术检测冷却羊肉表面细菌总数

为了对冷却羊肉表面细菌总数进行无损检测,采用不同波段范围高光谱成像系统结合多种建模方法建立预测模型,进行理论分析和实验验证。分别在400nm~110nm和900nm~1700nm波长范围内获取冷却羊肉样本的高光谱图像信息,结合偏最小二乘和人工神经网络(反向人工神经网络和径向基人工神经网络)建立预测模型。结果表明,神经网络建模效果优于偏最小二乘;其中,径向基人工神经网络模型在400nm~1100nm和900nm~1700nm波长范围内相关系数分别为0.9872和0.9988,均方根误差分别为0.8210和0.2507,预测效果最好;而900nm~1700nm波长范围为最佳建模波长。这一结果说明利用高光谱图像技术对冷却羊肉表面细菌总数进行快速无损检测是可行的。     

高光谱成像技术对牛肉水分含量及分布的快速检测

利用可见/近红外高光谱成像技术对牛肉水分含量 及分布进行快速检测。采用可见/ 近红外高光谱成像系统(400000 nm)采集150个黄牛肉样本的高光谱图像,利用ENVI软件 提取样本感兴趣区域(ROI)并计算平均光谱值;对原始光谱数据进行预处理并利用连续投 影算法(SPA)、竞争性自适应重加权算法(CARS)和无信息变量消除算法(UVE)进行特征 波长提取,建立基于不同特征波长的偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)模型,进而优选牛肉水分含量 预测的最优模型。通过蒙特卡罗交叉验证法剔除26个异常样本值;经卷积平滑(Smoothing - SG)法预处理后的原始光谱数据所建PLSR模型效果较好,其校正集决定系数(R²c)与预测集 决定系数(R²p)分别为0.817、0.850;利用CAR S、SPA、UVE法分别优选出12、27、27个特征 波长;对比基于全波段光谱与特征波段光谱所建PLSR牛肉水分预测模型的优劣,结果显示基 于CARS-PLSR法建立的牛肉水分预测模型效果最好,其R²_c 、R²p值分别为0.814、 0.750,校 正集均方根误差(RMSEC)与预测集均方根误差(RMSEP)分别为0.477、0.555;最后,利用CARS -PLSR模型计算牛肉样本每个像素点的水分含量并利用伪彩色图对牛肉样本水分分布进行可 视化分析,进而实现牛肉水分含量的快速检测及分布的可视化表达。该研究结果可为黄牛肉 水分含量的快速检测提供理论支撑。     

基于高光谱技术的长枣内外品质同时检测

采用近红外高光谱成像技术,对长枣表面轻微损伤 和果肉硬度进行无损检测。在970～ 1630nm波 长范围内对高光谱图像数据进行主成分分析(PCA),得到第3主成分图像最适合检测长枣表面 损伤。波段比(BR)算法中, 选取1387nm和1 229nm两个波段的图像进行比值运算, 采用 1455nm单波 段图像构建掩膜作用于比值图像, 最后对图像进行阈值分割和形态学变换完成损伤区域的特征提取。BR算法检测长枣轻微损 伤的准确率达 到91.5%。对反射光谱进行多元散射校正(MSC)后与长枣果肉硬度值进 行回归分析,选择相关系数较大的5个特 征波长作为BP神经网络输 入,建立果肉硬度预测模型。预测集相关系数R和均 方根误差(RMSEP)分别为0.904和15.163。研究结果表明,利用高光谱成像技术可以实现长枣内外品质同时检 测。     

基于近红外特征波长提取与最小二乘支持向量机的白芷掺滑石粉定量研究

中药掺假不仅降低疗效而且严重危害身体健康, 本文利用近红外光谱分析技术对中药白芷中掺入滑石粉的含量进 行定量分析。仪器采用自主研制的近红外光谱仪,光谱范围为900～ 1700 nm,分辨率为4nm,采集181份白芷中掺 入了 滑石粉的样本光谱以及7份白芷中掺入了滑石粉和面粉的样本光谱,进行平滑和一阶求导预 处理的基础上,比较研究了 多种不同算法的建模效果,提出了采用移动窗口法(MW)结合遗传算法(GA)进行特征波长 优选,以最小二乘支持向 量机(LS-SVM)建立定量模型的分析方法,结果表明MW-GA能有效筛选波长,提高预测精 度,还用白芷中同时掺入了 滑石粉和面粉的多成分样本对模型进行了验证。MW-GA-LS-SVM与全光谱-PLS、MW-GA- PLS、全光谱-LS-SVM比较, 其性能最佳,在极大减少建模变量的同时,模型的验证集决定系数R²=0.995,校正均方根误差RMSEC= 0.42%,预测均 方根误差RMSEP=0.48%,表明MW-GA-LS -SVM建立的模型准确度高,为近红外光谱在中药成分快速定量分析应用提供了方法依据。     

紫外可见光谱检测水体COD算法研究

应用紫外可见(ultraviolet/visible,UV/Vis)光谱技术对宜昌市环境监测站水体有机物指标化学含氧量(chemical oxygen demand,COD)进行快速检测,对采集的94份水样进行UV/Vis波段全光谱扫描,采用平滑(Savitzky-Golay smoothing,SG)、一阶导数(first-derivative,1-Der)以及二阶导数(second-derivative,2-Der)对光谱进行预处理,并结合偏最小二乘回归(Partial Least Squares Regression,PLSR)对水样建立COD回归预测模型,并利用该回归预测模型预测水样COD浓度。实验结果表明采用SG平滑预处理后结合连续投影算法(Successive Projections Algorithm,SPA)选取全波段光谱中的特征波长得到的PLS模型预测精度最高,相关系数r=0.91882,预测均方根误差RMSEP=2.8156mg/L-1。进一步研究发现,使用SG平滑预处理得到的岭回归(Ridge Regression)模型精度(r=0.92,RMSEP=2.765 mg/L-1)高于PLS模型,且模型仅仅选取了4个特征波长变量,占238个全波段光谱变量的1.38%。说明针对该水样样本,利用平滑光谱预处理后,再建立岭回归模型,能节约时间和降低算法复杂度,能够快速准确地进行水样COD浓度预测,为进一步实现水样的COD浓度快速检测奠定了基础。     

紫外可见光谱检测水体COD算法研究

应用紫外可见(ultraviolet/visible,UV/Vis)光谱技术对宜昌市环境监测站水体有机物指标化学含氧量(chemical oxygen demand,COD)进行快速检测,对采集的94份水样进行UV/Vis波段全光谱扫描,采用平滑(Savitzky-Golay smoothing,SG)、一阶导数(first-derivative,1-Der)以及二阶导数(second-derivative,2-Der)对光谱进行预处理,并结合偏最小二乘回归(PartialLeast Squares Regression,PLSR)对水样建立COD回归预测模型,并利用该回归预测模型预测水样COD浓度。实验结果表明采用SG平滑预处理后结合连续投影算法(Successive Projections Algorithm,SPA)选取全波段光谱中的特征波长得到的PLS模型预测精度最高,相关系数r=0.91882,预测均方根误差RMSEP=2.8156mg/L-1。进一步研究发现,使用SG平滑预处理得到的岭回归(Ridge Regression)模型精度(r=0.92,RMSEP=2.765 mg/L-1)高于PLS模型,且模型仅仅选取了4个特征波长变量,占238个全波段光谱变量的1.38%。说明利用平滑光谱预处理后,再建立岭回归模型,能节约时间和降低算法复杂度,能够快速准确地进行该水样样本COD浓度预测,为进一步实现水样的COD浓度快速检测奠定了基础。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks