自然曝气—过滤在卤水净化除铁中的研究应用

卤水净化是提高卤水质量的一个重要环节，为解决三水盐矿卤水浑浊现象，通过对卤水浑浊成因分析和过滤理论的研究，反复试验，将过滤技术应用到卤水净化除铁中，取得了较好的应用效果和经济效益，本文就自然曝气－过滤在三水盐矿卤水净化除铁中的研究应用作简单介绍。     

浅论污水曝气现状与发展

曝气是指利用充气或机械搅动等方法将空气中的氧强制向液体中转移,增大水与气体接触,进行溶氧或散除水中溶解性气体和挥发性物质的过程。主要应用在水产养殖曝气和污水处理曝气两个领域。常用的曝气方式主要有机械曝气、鼓风曝气、射流曝气三大类,现有较好的为射流曝气方式。随着科技进步、节能减排和环境标准的要求,认为未来曝气设备向有多方位曝气扩散器、低耗能曝气能源装置、简便的输送方式发展。     

"青鹤泉"瓶装矿泉水沉淀成因分析和排除沉淀的技术攻关

本文针对高矿化度、高钙、高铁、高锰的重碳酸钙钠型矿泉水通过臭氧O3杀菌时出现紫红色沉淀，消除后过24h又出现黑褐物质沉积瓶底的现象，进行沉淀成因分析，并提出对于该类矿泉水，除了采取一些辅助处理形式如pH值调节、化学氧化、澄清等，还必须曝气除去CO2，再通过除铁、锰装置等。经过这一系列处理后，矿泉水的质量稳定。     

含铁卤水的简易除铁

介绍在含铁卤水中加入氢氧化钠，经简单曝气。连续沉降后除铁的嘣易工艺装置厦生产实践经验。     

射汉曝气活性污泥法处理啤酒生产废水

韶关市环保局科研所与韶关啤酒厂技术部共同合作，对原韶关啤酒厂采用“活性生物滤塔过滤－－射流曝气活性污泥法”处理啤酒生产有机废水的工艺进行了改进，经改进后在来的运行表明，废水处理效果良好。水南指标低于广东省地方排放标准，现就如何在调试过程中发现问题，改进工艺的做法和同行们进行技术交流。     

射流曝气技术在制浆造纸废水处理中的应用

简单介绍了射流曝气的基本原理，阐述了射流曝气技术的性能特点，以及在我国制浆造纸工业废水处理中的应用概况，最后指出了射流曝气技术的优势和潜力。     

射流曝气技术的发展及其在造纸中段废水中的应用

介绍了射流曝气的基本原理及射流器的结构与分类,综述了射流曝气的研究和发展,并列举了一些改进措施和新型射流器,及射流曝气在造纸中段废水处理中的应用实例,最后指出了射流器的研究发展方向。     

造纸废水处理工程曝气器优选

讨论了现有曝气设备,包括鼓风曝气、射流曝气和机械曝气设备的特点及适用范围,针对现有曝气器在造纸废水应用中的不足,系统介绍了新型高效旋流曝气器的特征及其在造纸废水处理中的应用优势和工程实例。     

小型地下水除铁锰工艺在农村小型集中式供水工程中的应用

我国生活饮用水的国家标准规定：铁含量不大于0.3mg/l,锰含量不大于0.1mg/l。但广西广大岩溶石山地区地下水铁、锰含量普遍有超标1-10倍以上。小型地下水除铁、锰装置通常适用于处理水量不大的农村小型集中式供水工程,一般采用曝气,接触氧化,压力式机械过滤这一工艺流程。文章简述其工作原理及设计安装使用中的注意事项。     

甘蔗糖厂除铁技术及其新发展

甘蔗糖厂除铁技术及其新发展周振鸿（广西柳州南方磁电设备有限责任公司广西柳州５４５００５）分类号ＴＳ２４３，ＴＭ５７４１９９７－０６－１７收稿。１概述甘蔗在收割、运输和加工过程中，难免会混入砍刀及其他杂铁，危及榨机安全，这就产生了蔗层的除铁问题。蔗汁在...     

两种新型好氧滤池的试验研究

本文介绍了两种广泛用于化学工业污水及其它有机污水处理的新型好氧滤池,一种是采用水射器充氧的生物滤池,另一种是采用溶气泵充氧的生物滤池。通过试验研究得出结论,两种新型好氧滤池的效率均高’于采用单孔膜曝气的传统好氧滤池。     

High-efficiency NO(x) absorption in water using equipment packed with a glass fiber filter

NO(X) absorption in water is quite difficult by comparison with other exhausted gas, such as SO(2), CO(2), and NH(3) because of low solubility of NO(X) in water. We have been developed a NO(X) absorption equipment with a glass fiber filter having high porosity and surface area. When feed NO(X) gas concentration was high, high NO(X) removal efficiency was obtained. This was because the surface area per glass fiber filter volume was about 40 to 600 times higher than for common packing materials. For verification test and industrial application, a high concentration of NO(X) gas (206,000 ppm) produced by a metal dissolution process was treated with a series of two absorption experiments. We can attain 97.6% of NO(X) removal efficiency, and HNO(3) concentration in water was concentrated up to 56.3 wt %. Furthermore, ozone addition to gas and usage of ozone saturated water as an absorbent resulted in complete removal of NO(X) in the gas (up to 120 ppm). This result indicated the importance of aqueous phase oxidation of HNO(2), which produces NO in the gas phase.     

Foams generated from viscous non-Newtonian shear-thinning liquids in a continuous multi rotor-stator device

Whilst aeration is ubiquitous in the food industry, little work has been done on foams generated from viscous non-Newtonian liquids. We study the production of foams from viscous shear-thinning liquids containing a non-ionic food grade surfactant (PGE 55), Xanthan gum and caster sugar, using a continuous pilot-scale device having twelve rotor-stator pairs. The effects of process parameters (rotor speed, gas-liquid volumetric flowrate ratio (G/L)) and liquid composition (surfactant concentration, Xanthan gum concentration) on foam gas volume fraction and bubble size distribution are elucidated. X-ray micro-Computed Tomography is employed to characterise the 3D microstructure of the foams. Rotor speed and G/L ratio are the dominant factors in determining the gas volume fraction and bubble size distribution. The foams produced exhibit a rich fine texture with high static stability. For a given energy input in turbulent flow, a higher G/L ratio results in a higher gas fraction and a smaller bubble size.Industrial relevanceAeration is ubiquitous in the food industry and innovative ways to generate stable foams with fine texture from viscous non-Newtonian media are needed to satisfy the increasing demand for better quality, healthier and cheaper products. The use of continuous multi rotor-stator devices operating in turbulent flow and under atmospheric pressure achieves optimum aeration efficiency and prevents foam expansion. The use of an effective surfactant such as PGE 55 and a thickener such as Xanthan gum help provide the desired fine texture and stability for longer shelf-life. Operating at high gas-liquid ratios in turbulent flow achieves the production of finer more uniform foams with less energy input.     

Sorption and desorption of arsenic to ferrihydrite in a sand filter

Elevated arsenic concentrations in drinking water occur in many places around the world. Arsenic is deleterious to humans, and consequently, As water treatment techniques are sought. To optimize arsenic removal, sorption and desorption processes were studied at a drinking water treatment plant with aeration and sand filtration of ferrous iron rich groundwater at Elmevej Water Works, Fensmark, Denmark. Filter sand and pore water were sampled along depth profiles in the filters. The sand was coated with a 100-300 microm thick layer of porous Si-Ca-As-contaning iron oxide (As/Fe = 0.17) with locally some manganese oxide. The iron oxide was identified as a Si-stabilized abiotically formed two-line ferrihydrite with a magnetic hyperfine field of 45.8 T at 5 K. The raw water has an As concentration of 25 microg/L, predominantly as As(II). As the water passes through the filters, As(III) is oxidized to As(V) and the total concentrations drop asymptotically to a approximately 15 microg/L equilibrium concentration. Mn is released to the pore water, indicating the existence of reactive manganese oxides within the oxide coating, which probably play a role for the rapid As(III) oxidation. The As removal in the sand filters appears controlled by sorption equilibrium onto the ferrihydrite. By addition of ferrous chloride (3.65 mg of Fe(II)/L) to the water stream between two serially connected filters, a 3 microg/L As concentration is created in the water that infiltrates into the second sand filter. However, as water flow is reestablished through the second filter, As desorbs from the ferrihydrite and increases until the 15 microg/L equilibrium concentration. Sequential chemical extractions and geometrical estimates of the fraction of surface-associated As suggest that up to 40% of the total As can be remobilized in response to changes in the water chemistry in the sand filter.     

酸性废水综合治理改造工程实践

原废酸水处理工艺存在的问题:(1)废酸水酸度偏高;(2)废酸水净化处理设施能力不足;(3)污泥沉淀时间短;(4)排放水铁离子超标准;(5)废水未回用;(6)污泥未进行脱水造成环境污染;(7)沉淀池排泥困难。采取对废酸进行分流、曝气氧化、化学沉淀、重力沉淀、压滤脱水、中水回用等措施,基本实现废酸水的综合治理、集中排放和回用,达到"以废治废,节约资源"的目的,出水基本达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)一级标准。     

酸洗生产中水处理设备的应用及维护

钢丝酸洗过程中产生大量的工业废水,严重污染生产环境。介绍酸洗废水处理系统的基本组成及设备运行过程中的注意事项。各主要设备的作用:混合反应池进行废水中和及悬浮物混凝反应,斜板沉淀池利用物理法净化水中的悬浮物,气浮净水器用于净化水中的细小杂质和油,机械过滤器用于过滤水中的黏结胶质状颗粒,活性炭过滤器用于吸附微小有机物和除臭。在废水处理过程中注意药剂的配置并严格控制絮凝剂和凝聚剂投放量,改进污水池和耐酸泵。运行结果表明,含酸废水处理系统处理的废水符合《钢铁工业水污染物排放标准》要求。     

Colour fixation in ripe olives. Effects of type of iron salt and other processing factors

A detailed study has been made of the colour fixation stage of ripe olive processing. The effects of the degree of iron oxidation and the colour‐fixing liquid on iron availability have been investigated and an explanation is given for the greater effectiveness of ferrous salts compared to ferric salts. Likewise, a 2⁴ factorial design was used to study the influence on olive colour of the pH of the aeration solution, the type of colour‐fixing liquid, the type of ferrous salt and the aeration system. The data were analysed by multivariate and univariate analysis of variance (MANOVA/ANOVA), the best results being obtained with low pH (4.0), tap water, ferrous lactate and no aeration during the first 3 h of immersion in the colour‐fixing solution. These results can be explained by the iron availability averages having been altered by differences in the concentration of organic matter, the pH of the solution and the diffusion of iron into the olive flesh. The results can be used to reduce iron residues in ripe olives. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

PTFE覆膜滤料在氧化铝焙烧使用中的过滤性能分析

氧化铝焙烧烟气净化多采用过滤除尘,而除尘的核心部位是滤料。由于氧化铝焙烧炉尾气具有高温、高湿、高腐蚀等特点,因此,选用PTFE覆膜滤料,通过AFC-133测试平台模拟工况,测试覆膜滤料的过滤效率和过滤阻力,证实PTFE覆膜滤料对氧化铝焙烧炉尾气中的粉尘具有高效捕集的作用,在1 m/min风速下,排放浓度为0.466 9 mg/m~3。     

风机和水泵的调速控制与节能

分析了当前广泛采用的风机、水泵节流控制方式的弊端,详细介绍了风机、水泵使用调速控制的节能原理,对几种常用的调速控制方式的优缺点做了一定的比较,并介绍了调速控制装置的选择原则。     

Beseitigung von Weizenstärkeindustrie-Abwässern – Ein Wirtschaftlichkeitsvergleich

Removal of Waste Water from Wheat Starch Industry – An Economic Comparison. The portion of wheat starch production in the total production of starch out of corn, potatoes and wheat was only of minor importance in the past. Based on new process engineering for the production of wheat starch as well as EC market regulations the production of starch from wheat or wheat flour recently appears more interesting. Due to higher outputs in wheat starch plants there is a demand in methods for waste water engineering alternative to agricultural utilization of waste water. The completely biological waste water treatment in an aeration basin, the evaporation, filtration, protein coagulation. sale for cattle fodder, fermentation, and the anaerob purification are to be indicated. It does not only depend on the process engineering and the efficiency but most essentially on the economic efficiency which of these methods of waste water treatment will prevail in large-scale technique. The anaerobic waste water treatment of highly organic load waste water recently comes to the force more and more. A comparison of the different methods for waste water treatment shows that the charges very much depend on the waste water factor, i. e., the quantity of waste water per ton processed flour and the charges for electricity and fossil sources of energy. The calculation of the charges has to include the charges for an advanced waste water treatment in a sewage treatment as well as the profit for the digester gas or the concentrate.