应用COMI炼钢工艺控制转炉烟尘基础研究

应用COMI炼钢工艺控制转炉烟尘实验研究表明,随着CO2喷吹比例的增加,烟尘及铁损量持续降低。转炉烟尘现场采集检测试验研究表明,转炉冶炼过程中烟尘量总体趋势不断降低,TFe含量波动较大。结合上述研究,提出应用COMI炼钢工艺分时段控制烟尘产生,为COMI炼钢工艺的工业实施提供了参考。     

应用COMI炼钢工艺控制转炉脱磷基础研究

 基于转炉炼钢过程脱磷的热力学分析和计算,以控制转炉冶炼过程脱磷期温度为出发点,提出一种利用CO2气体代替部分O2进行吹炼的转炉炼钢新工艺,即COMI炼钢工艺。研究发现：COMI炼钢工艺能有效控制转炉熔池温度,降低半钢和一倒钢液磷含量,同时可有效减少炉渣铁损,为转炉高效脱磷提供了一种新思路。     

利用CO2减少炼钢烟尘的实验研究

炼钢过程每冶炼1 t钢产生约10～20 kg烟尘,烟尘量的增加既降低金属收得率又增加了除尘负荷.炼钢烟尘的治理,传统方式是在烟尘产生后再进行回收处理利用;然而如何在冶炼过程中减少烟尘产生的工艺方法还未见文献报道.通过热力学计算和理论分析,进行了利用CO2减少炼钢烟尘产生的探索性实验,实验结果表明,随着混合喷吹中二氧化碳比例的提高,烟尘的产生量逐步减少,铁损呈明显的下降趋势.     

从炼钢烟尘中回收氧化锌的研究

根据炼钢烟尘和锌浸出渣成分的相似性,从理论上分析了应用炼钢烟尘时,挥发窑反应原理及炉料温度,焦粉配比,窑头风量和窑内的负压等工艺技术条件控制,介绍了从炼钢烟尘中回收氧化锌生产试验的结果,并提出了最佳工艺条件。     

转炉炼钢废钢质量控制及结构优化

控制废钢质量、优化废钢结构有利于降低炼钢生产成本,减少环境污染,对转炉炼钢生产具有重要意义。通过理论计算和熔化试验,研究了不同废钢与转炉物料消耗及渣量之间的关系。结果表明,废钢质量对转炉钢铁料消耗和炉渣量具有显著影响。当转炉废钢比为20%时,废钢中杂质质量分数增加6%,钢铁料消耗量增加约为23 kg/t,带入渣量增加约为71.4 kg;锰的质量分数增加1%,产生钢水量约减少12.4 kg。质量较好的废钢带入转炉杂质少,利于降低钢铁料消耗和炉渣量;转炉中大量使用溢渣粉等废钢会引起钢铁料消耗和炉渣量显著增加。在此基础上,利用某企业120 t转炉进行废钢结构优化试验,研究了采用不同废钢配比冶炼对钢铁料消耗、炉渣量、终点磷含量和终点碳含量的影响。发现在该企业实际生产条件下,最优废钢配比(质量分数)为重型废钢33.3%、钢筋头16.7%、普通生铁26.7%、硫钢块6.7%和溢渣物16.6%。当120 t转炉采用最优废钢配比冶炼时,平均钢铁料消耗为1 052.9 kg/t,平均炉渣量为108.7 kg/t,冶炼铁损小;且转炉终点钢水平均w([P])、w([C])分别为0.030%、0.106%,满...     

100t转炉石灰石代替石灰造渣炼钢试验研究

对首秦100t转炉石灰石代替石灰造渣炼钢的试验结果进行研究分析。研究结果表明：石灰石造渣炼钢工艺在转炉单渣法和双渣法均取得良好冶炼效果,较石灰造渣工艺,在入炉CaO质量减少28.6%的情况下,脱磷率均值达到85.69%,提高2.54%,渣中磷元素分布均匀;同时石灰石代替石灰造渣可以减少入炉造渣料用量,吨钢减少转炉渣量15kg;石灰石代替石灰入炉可以增加转炉煤气回收量。     

湿法处理炼钢烟尘

进行了以酸法自理炼钢烟尘的研究，制定的处理烟尘的工艺流程为：炼钢烟尘经煅烧除碳，酸浸除杂、过滤、燃烧氧化制得铁红，过滤所得溶液用于制造ＦｅＣｌ２，这两种产品均达到一级的质量标准。     

电弧炉炼钢熔清C对N的影响

研究发现，无脱碳量要求的电弧炼钢工艺条件下，熔清Ｃ决定了包样Ｎ的高低，同时对熔清Ｐ也有一定的影响，合理控制熔清Ｃ有利于无脱碳量要求的电弧炉炼钢工艺提高钢质量。     

转炉炼钢粉尘的内循环利用研究

基于转炉炼钢过程的造渣和温度控制机理,利用污泥、除尘灰及粘结剂等原料加工成粉尘球团,在冶炼前期代替铝系化渣剂进行化渣、中后期代替矿石进行调温.研究发现:转炉炼钢过程内循环利用粉尘球团,与采用铝系化渣剂和矿石相比,脱磷率提高了4.9％,可达到80.7％,炉渣的发泡性能和流动性能良好,炉渣碱度和铁损基本相同.既可有效回收铁等有价资源,也可减少环境污染,实现炼钢副产品资源的内循环利用.     

转炉炼钢除尘工艺技术现状及发展

1．概述 我国炼钢氧气顶吹转炉现有500余座,2007年,中国钢产量达到4．89亿吨,其中转炉钢占85％以上。所以,炼钢转炉除尘工艺、设备的先进与否,制约吨钢能耗的进一步降低,也决定转炉烟尘的总排放量。转炉除尘工岂直接决定着国家的节能减排政策能否很好的实施。下面简单介绍我国炼钢转炉除尘的现状,国内外常用工艺流程,重点是讨论几种炼钢转炉除尘工艺的优缺点及改进建议。     

Modern steelmaking technologies

Based on our experimental results, we propose the following low-cost technologies in the field of steelmaking for implementation: the use of briquettes, which are alternative to solid cast iron and scrap metal and contain scale and carbon-containing wastes, in the charges of electric furnaces and converters; microalloying of metal by nitride phases; modification of steel in a ladle by SiCa + Ba master alloys; and the application of daisy-chain blowing of the metal in a ladle (small-bubble conditions). The efficiency of these technologies for melting in electric furnaces and secondary metallurgy is supported. It is shown that electromagnetic mixing of metal in combination with the optimum conditions of soft reduction of a slab should be used in continuous casting to form an internal structure in a slab at the level of the first class on the Mannesmann scale.     

Converter steelmaking in Russia

Conclusion The main trends in the modernization and technical advancement of steelmaking are the rapid development of the converter process and its latest modifications to produce clean, high-quality, economically alloyed supersteels by material-and energy-saving, environmentally clean technologies, the efficient recycling of industrial, metallurgical, and household wastes, and the improvement of existing integrated methods for the optimum treatment of pig iron and steel outside the furnace. Institute of New Metallurgical Technologies of the I. P. Bardin Central Scientific Research Institute of Metallurgy (TsNIIchermet) (a State Science Center). Translated from Metallurg, No. 11, pp. 34–35, November, 1999.     

Radically innovative steelmaking technologies

The steel industry is faced with serious problems caused by the increasing cost of energy, labor and capital and by tough overseas competition, employing new highly efficient process plants. The very high cost of capital and of capital equipment renders the construction of new green field site plants, exemplifying the best available technology economically unattractive. For this reason, over the long term the development radically innovative steelmaking technologies appears to be the only satisfactory resolution of this dilemma. The purpose of this article is to present a critical review of some of the radically innovative steelmaking technologies that have been proposed during the past few years and to develop the argument that these indeed do deserve serious consideration at the present time. It should be stressed, however, that these innovative technologies can be implemented only as part of a carefully conceived long range plan, which contains as a subset short term solutions, such as trigger prices improved investment credits, and so forth and intermediate term solutions, such as more extensive use of continuous casting, external desulfurization and selective modernization in general. JULIAN SZEKELY is Professor of Materials Engineering at MIT. He was born in Hungary, educated at Imperial College in London, and came to the U.S. in 1966 to teach at the State University of New York at Buffalo. He is the author of numerous books and research articles on materials processing and on the energy and environmental aspects of metals production. His research has been recognized by numerous awards, including the Mathewson Gold Medal of The Metallurgical Society (AIME), the Sir George Beilby Gold Medal (British Metals Society), the Curtis McGraw Research Award of the American Society for Engineering Education, and the Professional Progress Award of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers.     

Energetics of steelmaking processes

The basic energy indices of steelmaking processes, namely, the consumption of energy carriers, the total energy intensity, the full energy efficiency of a process, and the amount carbon dioxide released in atmosphere, are considered. The energy, ecology, and economic efficiencies of the processes are quantitatively analyzed for various alternative energy carriers during steelmaking in an ASF. The problem of sustainable development of an object in the environment is analyzed in relation to its main three parameters, namely, economics, energetics, and ecology.