应用单亲遗传算法进行树状管网优化布置

树状管网布置优化属于典型的组合优化问题。本文针对树状管网布置的特点，以图论和遗传算法为理论基础，应用改进遗传算法 单亲遗传算法进行树状管网优化布置，并设计了相应的适应度函数、单亲换位算子和逆转算子。与Dijkstra算法和Kruskal算法相比，单亲遗传算法直接以管网投资最小为优化目标，能够获得一批管网投资最小的布置方案，且算法的寻优效率较高，收敛性和稳定性较好。     

解水资源最优分配问题的遗传算法

用基于整数编码和基因换位变异、随机变异及倒位变异等遗传操作的单亲遗传算法 (IPGA)解水资源最优分配 ,并对该单亲遗传算法的全局收敛性和实用性进行了初步分析 .通过算例说明了该算法的可行性和通用性     

解水资源最成分配问题的遗传算法

用基于整数编码和基因换位变异、随机变异及倒位变异等遗传操作的单亲遗传算法（ＩＰＧＡ）解水资源了优分配，并对该单亲遗传算法的全局收敛性和实用性进行了初步分析。通过算例说明了该算法的可行性和通用性。     

基于混沌变异布谷鸟算法的水库供水优化调度

根据水库联合供水优化调度的特点,建立了混沌变异布谷鸟算法求解多阶段组合优化问题的数学模型。针对标准布谷鸟算法全局寻优及局部搜索能力不平衡、后期收敛速度慢等缺点,采用混沌初始化以丰富种群的多样性,为全局寻优建立基础;同时引入变异算子以避免算法后期陷入局部最优。并以"山西大水网"为背景,将改进的布谷鸟算法应用于长治盆地供水区的优化调度,通过与标准布谷鸟算法进行对比,验证了混沌变异布谷鸟算法在水库联合优化调度中的有效性和优越性。     

松江河梯级水电站短期优化调度数学模型分析

应用改进粒子群算法求解松江河梯级水电站短期优化调度问题,建立梯级电站发电量最大和发电效益最大短期优化调度数学模型。针对粒子群算法存在的后期收敛速度慢和易陷入局部最优等缺点,引入收缩因子和基于遗传思想的变异算子对其进行改进。应用改进粒子群算法对松江河梯级水电站进行短期优化调度,分别采用发电量最大和发电效益最大数学模型进行算例分析。结果表明：对梯级电站进行短期优化调度可以提高梯级电站的整体质量和效益;应用改进粒子群算法求解梯级电站短期优化调度问题在求解时间、精度上都取得了满意的效果。     

蜂群遗传算法及在水库群优化调度中的应用

介绍了一种基于蜂群繁殖原理的改进遗传算法--蜂群遗传算法(BSGA),采用改进的遗传算子解决了传统遗传算法中"选择压力"和"种群多样性"之间的矛盾.将该算法应用于梯级水库优化调度的研究中,通过对清江梯级水库群优化调度的实例计算,得到了合理的全局最优解,验证了BSGA的可靠性和实用性.     

基于RUN-XGBoost算法的土石坝渗流预测模型

针对传统土石坝渗流预测模型存在局部最优、抗干扰性差和预测精度低等问题,通过RUN算法优化XGBoost算法得到RUN-XGBoost算法,构建了RUN-XGBoost模型以获得更优的土石坝渗流预测结果。该模型在种群初始化时采用RUN算法对XGBoost算法的3个主要参数进行改进,使预测结果有较高的有效性;通过自动寻找最优参数增进算法的整体收敛速度和预测精度,同时引入随机解,使算法能够排除局部最小值并继续搜索,从而获得全局最优结果。工程实例验证结果表明,RUN-XGBoost模型具有简洁、高效、预测精度高、鲁棒性强等优点。     

蜜蜂进化型遗传算法在水库优化调度中的应用

提出了一种基于蜜蜂进化型遗传算法的水库优化调度问题的求解方法,并通过实例对蜜蜂进化型遗传算法和标准遗传算法的性能做了比较.结果表明,在进化代数相同的条件下,由于蜜蜂进化型遗传算法在配种选择算子上使用种群的最优个体作为蜂王,提高了种群收敛速度;再者,在代进化过程中引入一个随机种群,保持了群体的多样性,提高了算法的勘测能力.     

基于改进遗传算法的复杂泵系统优化调度研究

文章根据复杂泵系统的特点和调度要求,建立了系统优化调度的模型.同时从改进遗传算法性能的角度出发,设计了专门的遗传算子,并采用了新的初始种群选择方法.最后,对由某复杂泵系统的监控系统数据库中所得数据应用遗传算法进行优化调度,计算结果显示此算法性能良好.     

基于改进遗传算法的水电站优化调度模型与算法

基于整数的遗传算法编码规则,满足了染色体和解之间唯一映射的关系,极大的缩短了染色体的长度。引入退火罚因子设计动态罚函数处理约束条件和自适应的遗传算子的设计,建立了基于改进遗传算法的水电站优化调度的数学模型。算例研究表明,上述算法可以快速有效地得到水电站优化调度的全局优化方案,提高运算效率。     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

Serial discontinuities in a Rocky mountain river. I. Distribution and abundance of plecoptera

Samples were taken year-round at eleven sites along the altitudinal profile (2900-1400 m a.s.l.) of the Gunnison River, a 329 km tributary of the Colorado River, to document the distribution of the Plecoptera and to evaluate responses to hypolimnial-release dams in the headwaters and middle reaches. Twenty-two species were present, with the greatest species richness occurring in an unregulated segment upstream of the middle reach dams; average nymphal biomass over the study period (175 organisms, 395 mg dry mass m^?2) was also greatest in this segment. Only four species (58 organisms, 48 mg m^?2) were present in the tailwaters of the headwater dam and values were greatly reduced (nine species; 35 organisms, 180 mg m^?2) below the middle reach dams. The stonefly community recovered ca. 80 km downstream from the last dam (15 species; 244 organisms, 250 mg m^?2), apparently in response to natural resetting of environmental conditions corresponding to those above the middle reach dams. At the most downstream site (11) only four species (four organisms, 16 mg m^?2) were present. The observed distributional pattern is a classic serial discontinuity in response to hypolimnial stream regulation in a temperate latitude river.     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.