锌镀层着仿金色的探索

全光亮的镀锌件可以用下述配方及工艺着上仿金色,氰化物或铵盐镀锌件则应先出光再着色。一、配方及工艺流程: 配方:重铬酸钠 15g/L 三氯化铁 20g/L 硝酸铜 4g/L pH 1.2-2 温度 20-20℃工艺流程:氯化物全光亮镀锌件→清洗→着色→回收→清洗→彩虹消色→清洗→罩漆→烘干→成品或:氰化物、铵盐镀锌件→清洗→出光→清洗→着色→回收→清洗→彩虹消色→清洗→罩漆→烘干→成品。二、温度及pH的影响:着色液的温度在20-25℃之间。高于上限值要缩短着色时间,低于下限值膜层呈黑褐色。     

POE/PPR制备非PVC输液袋外层与中间层

聚氯乙烯(PVC)输液袋具有质轻、不易破损、易于加工成型、阻隔性好等多种优点,然而PVC及其各种添加剂对人体的健康和环境存在很大的隐患。基于此,研究了可高频焊接的非PVC输液袋材料,根据外层和内层的材料要求,主要选取不同牌号和配比的聚烯烃弹性体(POE)/无规共聚聚丙烯(PPR)共混物来作为三层共挤出输液袋的外层和中间层。通过拉伸性能测试、硬度测试、维卡软化温度测试以及X射线衍射测试考察了共混物结构与性能,结果表明选取20%POE VM3000共混PPR作为外层材料,拉伸强度达22 MPa,断裂伸长率达850%,维卡软化点为121℃,基本满足外层材料对透明性、力学性能、耐121℃高温蒸煮试验的要求;选取80%POE VM3000共混PPR作为中间层材料,拉伸强度达17 MPa,断裂伸长率达850%,硬度为82,维卡软化点为71.1℃,基本满足了透明度、力学性能,更满足了输液器材料柔软性和中间层材料耐热性的要求。     

TPU材料的热压成型工艺研究

介绍热塑性聚氨酯（TPU）材料的热压成型工艺,对比分析TPU材料热压成型前后的性能变化。结果表明：TPU材料的热压成型温度可根据流变曲线确定,应在软化温度与粘流温度之间,本研究确定为140～165℃;在热压成型时TPU材料由于受热氧环境的影响,TPU分子容易出现部分软段降解和断链,从而导致TPU材料相对分子质量减小、早期黄变和物理性能下降,而热压成型后采用快速冷却方式可显著减少这些现象。     

3，3’-二乙基-4，4’-二苯甲烷型多马来酰亚胺树脂的合成与性质研究

以邻硝基乙苯为原料,通过四步反应合成出一种重要的热固性树脂——3,3'-二乙基-4,4'-二苯甲烷型多马来酰亚胺(PEDM)。PEDM的软化点为88～93℃,远低于3,3'-二乙基-4,4'-二苯甲烷型双马来酰亚胺BEDM树脂的熔点:203～204℃(数字显微熔点仪)或212℃(DSC)。同时,PEDM在三氯甲烷、丙酮等低沸点溶剂中具有良好的溶解性。PEDM树脂较低的软化点和良好的溶解性有利于加工成型和提高材料性能,因而具有较好的应用前景。     

铝及铝合金的电解着蓝色

铝及铝合金经阳极氧化后再在赤血盐溶液中电解着蓝色在文献中虽有记载,但无有关配方及工艺条件的具体报导.实际上,此项着色并不那么容易实现.我们较详细地研究了阳极氧化及交流着色溶液的配方以及工艺条件和多种添加剂的作用,使铝及铝合金着上了美丽的蓝色.并有很好的均匀性和再现性.一着色的工艺流程铝或铝合金→机械抛光→碱脱脂→水洗→化学抛光→水洗→阳极氧化→水洗→赤血盐溶液电解着色→水洗→封闭处理→水洗→干燥二阳极氧化制着蓝色用氧化膜赤血盐溶液电解着蓝色时氧化膜的要求,可以说是非常苛刻.在我们试用过的多种氧化膜中,只有磷酸氧化膜和磷酸、硫酸二次氧化的氧化膜能达到目的.     

模内微装配成型预成型微型部件颈缩熔断的失效机理

基于聚合物微型机械模内微装配成型加工面临的共性关键科学问题——在二次成型高温熔体充填流动环境下,如何避免预成型微型部件产生颈缩熔断失效问题,研究建立了高温熔体充填流动诱发颈缩熔断失效过程的机理模型。研究表明,预成型微型轴颈缩熔断损伤的直接驱动力是应变软化,一旦预成型微型轴出现应变软化,就必然会诱导颈缩熔断损伤。而应变软化现象的形成受控于其材料的初始屈服应力,初始屈服应力与二次成型注射温度呈负关联关系。当熔体注射温度由200℃增至240℃时,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)微型轴的初始屈服应力由16.5 MPa降至9.89 MPa,降幅高达40.1%,而其颈缩断面的颈缩率由44.5%增至70%。二次熔体注射温度越高,微型轴越易诱发应变软化和颈缩熔断损伤。     

聚四氟乙烯废料回收利用研究进展

介绍聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)废料回收利用的几种方法。其中机械法制得的再生PTFE粉可模压成型,也可作为填料或添加剂;辐射法制得的再生PTFE粉可与其它添加剂共混模压成型,或用作润滑剂和油墨等的添加剂、合成材料的改良剂等;热解PTFE可用于回收TFE、八氟环丁烷等工业原料或液体燃料,但需抑制有毒物质的产生。     

成型压力与热处理温度对合成镁铝尖晶石材料的影响

以特级铝矾土和轻质氧化镁为主要原料,按m(Al2O3):m(MgO)=2.54配料,采用一步烧结法制备尖晶石材料,研究了成型压力(分别为25、50、75、100、125、150 MPa)和热处理温度(分别为1 250、1 300、1 350、1 400、1 450、1 500、1 550℃)对合成材料的物相组成、显微结构、体积密度、显气孔率、荷重软化温度的影响。结果表明:1)以50 MPa压力成型的试样在1 450℃保温4 h热处理后显气孔率最小,以100、125和150 MPa成型的试样在1 450℃保温4 h热处理后存在开裂或扭曲现象;2)1 250~1 550℃热处理后试样的主晶相均为MgAl2O4,MgAl2O4晶粒随热处理温度的升高逐渐发育完整并长大;3)随着热处理温度的升高,试样的致密度逐渐升高,但以1 400℃为转折点,致密度升高速率前高后低;4)随着热处理温度的升高,试样的荷重软化温度逐渐升高。     

探密热固性工程塑料及其应用与发展

<正>所谓热固性塑料,就是以热固性树脂为主要成分,并添加各种添加剂配制成的塑料,如酚醛塑料、氨基塑料等,统称为热固性塑料。它是在第一次加热时软化,呈熔融态,注入模具后冷却挤出成型呈现刚硬状态,再次加热时已不再软化、熔融,当温度升高到一定的数值时会发生分解而遭到破坏。这类树脂一般在制造或加工的某阶段常     

用于净化高温煤气的陶瓷过滤元件的制备及其研究

以氧化铝为基体材料，采用添加成孔剂法，并结合注浆成型和凝胶注模成型制备出用于过滤高温煤气的陶瓷过滤元件。研究了料浆的配方及流动性能等对成型坯体性能的影响、成孔剂的种类及用量对气孔率、抗压强度及过滤元件外形的影响以及适应于该过滤元件的烧结工艺。实验结果表明，采用有机成孔剂AUM和无机成孔剂活性炭混合使用效果好：在成孔剂用量为25vol％、添加适量添加剂条件下，注浆成型和注凝成型后在1360℃下烧结40min，可得到气孔率高达47.4％、抗压强度迭32.26MPa，气孔的孔径为6～10μm的高温煤气过滤元件。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。