Creep testing and viscous behavior research on carbon constructional quality steel under high temperature

Creep tests under at a certain temperature and different stress levels were performed on two carbon constructional quality steels at a certain stress level and different temperatures,and their creep curves at high temperature were obtained based on analyzing the testing data.Taking 45 steel at a certain temperature and stress as the example,the integral creep constitutive equation and the differential stress-strain constitutive relationship were established based on the relevant rheological model,and the integral core function was also obtained.Simultaneously,the viscous coefficients denoting the viscous behavior in visco-plastic constitutive equation were determined by taking use of the creep testing data.Then the viscous coefficients of three carbon steels(20 steel,35 steel and 45 steel) were compared and analyzed.The results show that the viscosity is different due to different materials at the same temperature and stress.     

Triaxial mechanical creep behavior of sandstone

Based on laboratory results of time-dependent mechanical behavior tests, we investigated short-term and mechanical creep behavior of sandstone, observed in conventional triaxial compression experiments at room temperature, using a servo-con-trolled rheology testing machine. Given our short-term experimental test results, we confirmed deviatoric creep stress levels of sandstone. Multiple deviatoric stress levels were applied in steps to each sample. Each deviatoric stress level before the final failed deviatoric stress was maintained for 48 h or longer. Time-dependent variations of axial strains of sandstone samples are discussed and evaluated. During the creep tests, complete tertiary creep curves of sandstone were observed under failed deviatoric stress lev-els with different confining pressures. Slices of coal in sandstone samples can lead to distinct tertiary creep deformation failure.     

Effects of stress and physical ageing on nonlinear creep behavior of poly(methyl methacrylate)

The effects of stress,ageing time and ageing temperature on creep behavior of poly(methyl methacrylate) were studied.After annealing above its glass transition temperature for a period of time to eliminate the stress and thermal history,the specimens were quenched and aged at various ageing temperatures for different ageing time,and then the short-term creep tests under different stress levels were carried out at room temperature.The creep strains were modeled by means of time-ageing time equivalence and ti...     

一种青藏高原冻结砂土蠕变本构模型

为描述青藏铁路沿线冻结砂土的蠕变特性,建立一个考虑应力和时间耦合的蠕变本构模型.首先进行一系列不同温度、干密度条件下的冻结砂土三轴蠕变试验;其次以Nishihara模型为基础,考虑应力和时间对模型元件的耦合影响,将黏弹性元件中定常的黏滞系数修正为时间和应力的函数,引入损伤变量改进黏塑性元件,构建新的冻结砂土蠕变本构模型;最后基于试验数据验证其科学性.结果表明:试验数据与拟合数据吻合良好,改进模型能较好地描述不同温度和应力水平下冻结砂土的衰减、稳态和加速蠕变特性;改进模型中黏弹性元件的黏滞系数、剪切模量和黏塑性元件的黏滞系数均随温度升高和应力水平增大而减小,损伤变量参数随着温度升高、应力水平增大而增大.成果可为冻结砂土蠕变沉降预测提供一种新的选择,为蠕变理论研究积累资料.     

疲劳载荷下高温波齿复合垫的蠕变波动行为

研究了疲劳载荷下柔性石墨金属波齿复合垫的力学性能和蠕变性能. 对垫片进行了373 K和573 K两种温度下的循环加载实验,基于得到的应力-变形量实测数据,通过计算压缩模量和卸载模量分析了其压缩回弹特性;考虑温度和金属骨架厚度的变化,探索了蠕变-疲劳的交互作用对垫片的影响. 研究表明:疲劳载荷下随着时间增长垫片压缩速率增加,回弹速率减小;在稳态蠕变阶段,蠕变-疲劳载荷的交互作用使垫片的蠕变曲线出现周期性波动,波动周期不随实验条件改变而改变.     

火灾下钢筋混凝土热弹塑性徐变本构方程研究

火灾高温作用下钢筋和混凝土材料的力学性能变化非常复杂.为了研究钢筋混凝土材料的抗火性能,基于热弹塑性徐变理论,考虑了材料性能随温度的变化,并根据不同的屈服法则,推导出了钢筋和混凝土材料热弹塑性徐变问题的增量本构方程.采用了向后Euler积分法和隐式积分的广义中心法,根据给出的求解步骤对推导得出的钢筋和混凝土热弹塑性徐变本构方程进行了数值模拟,所得结果与现有试验模型基本吻合.从计算结果可以看出,高温下钢筋混凝土材料的徐变应变是不可忽略的,并且随着温度的升高而升高.该研究为进行钢筋混凝土结构在火灾高温作用下的耐火性能分析提供了理论依据.     

Significance of experimental data in the design of structures made from 1.4057 steel

This paper presents experimentally-obtained data which can be of importance in the design procedure of engineering components made of 1.4057 （X 17CrNil 6-2; AISI 431） steel. In this manner, uniaxialy tests related to determine material mechanical properties and short-time creep behavior were performed. Based on the mentioned tests, ultimate tensile strength, 0.2 offset yield strength and modulus of elasticity at low and elevated temperatures were determined. Also, creep behavior of considered steel was tested for selected temperatures and selected stress levels. According to experimentally determined Charpy impact energy an assessment of fracture toughness was made.     

自动喷水灭火工作过程的数值模拟比较

为了研究自动喷水灭火系统与火灾相互作用的规律,利用IS09705火灾标准试验间,对火源和室内外温度相同的条件下,只有火源燃烧无喷淋作用及火源偏置有喷淋作用2种情况进行了试验研究.并以实验结果作为参照对象,分别用场模拟和双层区域模拟方法对火灾房间内的热释放速率和设定温度点的温度变化情况进行了数值模拟和规律性分析.2种数值模拟计算与实验结果对比表明,场模拟和区域模拟均可较好地预测喷淋系统的工作状态.对于自动喷水灭火系统的工程应用和研究,用数值模拟方法是可行的,而且效率较高.     

热连轧403Nb棒材的组织结构与蠕变性能

为了获得403Nb钢更好的加工工艺及优异的高温蠕变性能,借助扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）、x射线衍射仪（XRD）等分析手段,并通过蠕变性能测试,对热连轧403Nb钢蠕变前后的组织结构及行为进行了研究.结果表明：403Nb钢在热连轧期间发生了动态回复及动态再结晶,其组成相包括：α Fe、（Fe,Cr）23C6及（Fe,Cr,Nb）C,其中,（Fe,Cr）23C6多分布于晶界,（Fe,Cr,Nb）C主要分布于晶内.在实验条件下,热连轧403Nb钢具有极强的温度敏感性和应力敏感性,其蠕变激活能Q=287.5kJ/mol.蠕变期间发生了大量的交滑移,碳化物通过阻碍位错运动以及“钉扎”晶界起到提高蠕变抗力的作用.     

Viscoelastoplastic constitutive model for creep deformation behavior of asphalt sand

A uniaxial viscoelastoplastic model that can describe whole creep behaviors of asphalt sand at different temperatures was presented.The model was composed of three submodels in series,which describe elastoplastic,viscoelastic and viscoplastic characteristics respectively.The constitutive equation was established for uniaxial loading condition,and the creep representation was also obtained.The constitutive parameters were determined by uniaxial compression tests under controlled-stress of 0.1 MPa with five different test temperatures of 20,40,45,50 and 60 ℃.Expressions of the model parameters in terms of temperatures were also given.The model gave prediction at various temperatures consistent with the experimental results,and can reflect the total deformation characterization of asphalt sands.     

Prediction of long-term creep behaviour and lifetime of polystyrene by linear extrapolation

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基于修正θ投影法的GH4169高温合金蠕变寿命预测

在不同温度和不同应力条件下,对GH4169高温合金进行了蠕变实验,得到不同参数下的蠕变数据并绘制了相应的蠕变寿命曲线。利用修正θ投影法,对得到的实验寿命曲线进行非线性拟合,建立了温度、应力相关的蠕变方程。用所建立的蠕变方程验证了GH4169高温合金蠕变寿命曲线,结果表明吻合性较好,达到了蠕变寿命预测的效果。     

温度和应变速率对ZK60镁合金压缩变形行为的影响

在应变量为0.6（ε=0.6）、不同温度（523~723 K）和应变速率（0.001~10 s-1）条件下,利用Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机,对铸态ZK60镁合金进行热压缩变形行为的研究,分析变形温度和应变速率对ZK60镁合金压缩变形行为的影响规律,即在相同应变速率条件下,随着变形温度的升高,合金的峰值应力降低。在相同温度条件下,随着应变速率的增大,合金的流变应力增大。计算其应变速率敏感指数m值为0.14和表观激活能Q值为226~254 kJ/mol。研究表明,在温度为573~673 K、应变速率为0.001~0.1 s-1时,合金发生动态再结晶。     

Creep properties and resistivity-ultrasonic-AE responses of cemented gangue backfill column under high-stress area

To investigate the creep and instability properties of a cemented gangue backfill column under a highstress area, the uniaxial compression creep tests were conducted by single-step and multi-step loading of prismatic samples made of cemented gangue backfill material(CGBM) under the high stressstrength ratio. The creep damage was monitored using an electrical resistivity device, ultrasonic testing device, and acoustic emission(AE) instrument. The results showed that the CGBM sample has a creep hardening property. The creep failure strength(CFS) is slightly larger than the uniaxial compressive strength(UCS), ranging in ratio from 108.9% to 116.5%. The instantaneous strain, creep strain, and creep rate increase with increasing stress-strength ratio in the single-step loading creep tests. The instantaneous strain and creep strain decrease first and then increase during the multi-step loading creep process. The axial creep strain of the CGBM column can be expressed by the viscoelastic-plastic creep model. Creep instability is caused by the accumulation of strain energy under multi-step loading and the continuous lateral expansion at the unconstrained middle position during the creep process. The creep stability of a CGBM column in a high-stress area can be monitored based on the variation of electrical resistivity, ultrasonic pulse velocity(UPV), and AE signals.     

粉砂质泥岩蠕变特性与非线性黏弹塑性本构模型

针对边坡、隧道工程中粉砂质泥岩长期稳定性问题,采用DZSZ-150型多场耦合岩石三轴压力试验机,利用粉砂质泥岩相似材料试样,开展不同围压下粉砂质泥岩蠕变试验。根据蠕变试验结果建立可描述粉砂质泥岩蠕变全过程的非线性黏弹塑性本构模型,以7 MPa围压下蠕变试验结果为例,对所提出的蠕变本构模型进行合理性和可行性验证。结果表明：试样的稳态蠕变速率与偏应力大小有关,随着偏应力的增加,试样稳态蠕变速率与偏应力之间符合指数函数关系;在加速蠕变阶段的蠕变速率相对低偏应力水平下减速蠕变和稳态蠕变速率明显要增大很多,且非常短时间内就发生了蠕变破坏;提出一种描述粉砂质泥岩全蠕变过程的非线性黏弹塑性本构模型,该模型能描述粉砂质泥岩蠕变-破坏全过程的蠕变变形规律,反映了粉砂质泥岩在不同偏应力水平作用下的蠕变特性,克服了经典模型中无法准确描述加速蠕变过程的难题。     

SBS改性沥青低温性能评价方法

采用了3种基质沥青、3种SBS改性剂,制备了5种SBS改性沥青,通过BBR试验得到沥青的劲度模量S和劲度模量变化率m,计算得到其低温等级温度TLC,并与各沥青的延度值进行比较,结果表明用TLC评价SBS改性沥青的低温性能更加合理。并分析了基质沥青和SBS类型对TLC的影响规律,结果表明,基质沥青中胶质和芳香分含量越高SBS改性沥青低温性能越好,线型SBS改性沥青低温性能优于星型SBS改性沥青。     

冻结红层软岩的蠕变特性研究

为研究第三系红层软岩在低温下的蠕变特性。对冻结红层进行单轴蠕变试验,试验结果表明,在应力水平较低时,软岩只存在衰减蠕变,随着应力水平的增大,当超过流变长期强度时,出现了非稳定蠕变;同时,随着温度的降低,软岩的瞬时应变量和蠕变量都会明显减少,而长期强度则有较大幅度的增长,说明温度对软岩及冻结壁的流变性质影响十分显著。引入与时间和应力相关的非线性黏滞系数和时间开关函数,对西原模型进行改进,得到了可以描述加速蠕变的非线性流变本构模型,通过试验数据对冻结红层软岩的参数进行了辨识。将流变模型嵌入到abaqus有限元程序,并对井筒开挖进行数值模拟,获得冻结壁最大位移与时间曲线,通过与实测值进行比较,两者较为吻合。可见,建立的流变模型能够很好的描述冻结红层软岩的蠕变规律。     

沥青混合料蠕变柔量的试验研究与力学解析

在不同温度、不同应力条件下进行了单轴压缩蠕变试验,通过数学方法精确计算了蠕变柔量函数式中表征材料黏弹性特性的4个物理参数,进而得到蠕变柔量的定量解析。并根据时温等效原理和实验结果得到温度移位因子的函数关系,把在各恒温条件下得到的实验结果拓展到连续变化的温度区域,从而得到了蠕变柔量随温度和时间变化的二元函数定量解析表达式。     

Prediction of long-term creep behavior and lifetime of PPC pipe materials by linear extrapolation

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温度对PEM燃料电池性能的影响

目的研究质子交换膜燃料电池运行中的电池温度、两极加湿温度对电池性能的影响．方法运用质子交换膜电池单体的测试系统进行了不同工作温度、气体加湿温度对电池性能影响的测试实验．结果得到了3个温度在实验条件下。在一定范围、一定间隔内的所有数据组合．结论固定除温度外的所有操作参数条件下。电池工作温度、阴极和阳极的加湿温度对电池性能的影响顺序也是固定的；低电流工作下．电池性能不受操作温度的影响，只与其几何参数有关；电池的极化曲线中存在两个过渡区，过渡区是在一定范围内出现的．实验结果对质子交换膜燃料电池结构的优化和设计具有重要的指导意义．