Production of 2-[18F]Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose at the Laboratory of Radiochemistry, University of Helsinki

Production 2-[^{1 8}F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([^{1 8}F]FDG) was started at the Laboratory of Radiochemistry in 1998 when a cyclotron, specially designed for the production of short-lived positron emitters, was bought to the laboratory. The radiosynthesis of [^{1 8}F]FDG is based on aminopolyether-mediated nucleophilic fluorination. [^{1 8}F]Fluoride is produced by the ^{1 8}O(p,n)^{1 8}F nuclear reaction. [^{1 8}F]FDG is synthesised with an automated device. The radiochemical yield of the synthesis is 50% (by the end of bombardment). Sterile and isotonic [^{1 8}F]FDG solution is produced within 55 min. [^{1 8}F]FDG is delivered for patient use by the medical company MAP Medical Technologies.     

Synthesis of 2-[18F]Fluoro-L-tyrosine and comparative study of its uptake by rat glioma 35 tumor and by induced inflammation focus in experimental animals

2-[¹⁸F]Fluoro-L-tyrosine (2-[¹⁸F]FTYR), a labeled fluorinated analog of tyrosine, was prepared using chiral phase-transfer catalysis. The radiochemical yield of 2-[¹⁸F]FTYR corrected for radioactive decay was 25±6% (n = 15) at a synthesis time of 110–120 min, including semipreparative HPLC purification. The radiochemical and chemical purity of the product exceeded 99%, and the enantiomeric purity was 98.2±0.7% (n = 15). The uptake of 2-[¹⁸F]FTYR by tumors and abscesses in laboratory animals was studied. The ratios of radioactivity uptake by tumor or imflamed tissue to that of an intact muscle tissue were calculated. Within the time of experiment, the tumor/muscle ratio exceeds the abscess/muscle ratio. The results obtained allow 2-[¹⁸F]FTYR to be considered as potentially useful radiotracer for differential diagnostics of tumors and inflammations by PET.     

Synthesis of Heterocycle-Containing [60]Fullerene Derivatives. II.1 Recent Progress in [4 2]- and [3 2]-Cycloaddition Routes

Recent progress of synthesis of C₆₀ derivatives functionalized with hetero-cycles is reviewed, focusing attention on [4+2]- and [3+2] cycloaddition methodologies and oxidative heterocyclization.     

GLC and Radiometric Determination of Hydrolysis Rate Constants of [[2-[4-(Methoxycarbonyl) 1) Benzamido]Diethyl]Triamino] Methylated Polystyrene

The rate constants of the hydrolysis of the methyl ester in 3N HC1 as function of temperature was determined and found to be in the range of 1.3 × 10^-2 to 1.2 × 10^-1 h^-1 at 40 and 60 C respectively. The rate constants were determined by GLC on Pola-pack-Q and by a radiotracer technique.     

1,1,1,3,5,5,5-七甲基-3-[2-(三甲氧基硅烷基)乙基]三硅氧烷的合成与表征

以七甲基三硅氧烷(MDHM)、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷(VTMS)为原料,氯铂酸的异丙醇溶液为催化剂,采用硅氢加成反应,在氮气保护下合成1,1,1,3,5,5,5-七甲基-3-[2-(三甲氧基硅烷基)乙基]三硅氧烷(β-HTEOs),并用气相色谱-色谱连用(GC-MS)、核磁共振谱(1H-NMR、29 Si-NMR)、傅里叶红外变化光谱(FT-IR)对合成产物进行表征;通过探讨反应温度、反应时间、原料配比以及催化剂浓度对硅氢加成反应的影响,得到β-HTEOs合成的最优化条件,采用视频接触角仪测定其在玻璃基材上润湿铺展情况,表明β-HTEOs在玻璃基材上完全铺展,具有较低的表面张力.     

Modification of Automatic Synthesis of [<Superscript>18</Superscript>F]Fluoromisonidazole on a GE TracerLAB Fx F-N Synthesis Module

A procedure for preparing 1-(2-hydroxy-3-[¹⁸F]fluoropropyl)-2-nitroimidazole ([¹⁸F]fluoromisonidazole, [¹⁸F]FMISO) on a commercially available GE TracerLAB Fx F-N synthesis module was developed. The product obtained meets all the requirements of the European Pharmacopoeia (8th ed.) for clinical use. Its decay-corrected radiochemical yield is 59 ± 4% (n = 5).     

聚[9-甲基-9-(8-硫代乙酸辛酯基)-芴]的合成及其金纳米粒子复合物

合成了一种新型的侧链含硫代乙酸辛酯基的聚芴衍生物,聚[9-甲基-9-(8-硫代乙酸辛酯基)-芴](PFMOTA).用这种聚合物修饰金纳米粒子,得到了稳定的PFMOTA/金纳米粒子复合物.采用TEM、GPC、FTIR、UV-vis和PL光谱对聚合物及其修饰的金纳米粒子复合物的结构和性能进行了表征.     

Synthesis and blue electroluminescent properties of zinc (II) [2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole]

This study reports on the properties of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with zinc (II) [2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole] as a hole-blocking layer. OLEDs devices are prepared in a conventional OLEDs structure (i.e., anode/HTL/EL/HBL/cathode and anode/HTL/HBL/EL/cathode). The luminescence efficiencies and the turn-on voltage are significantly affected by the existence of the hole-blocking layer. This is attributed to an excellent hole-blocking property, which is in turn due to the high HOMO energy level (6.5 eV). The device showed luminous efficiency 2.46 lm/W at 5 V. The maximum luminance of about 10,000 cd/m² is obtained, and the turn-on voltage (2.5 V) is affected by the existence of the hole-blocking layer.     

Crystal Structure of Rb[UO2(SO4)F]

Single crystal of Rb[UO₂(SO₄)F] (I) was studied by X-ray diffraction [rhombic system, space group Pca2 ₁, Z = 12, unit cell parameters: a = 25.393(3), b = 6.735(1), c = 11.496(3) Å]. The main structural units of crystals of I are [UO₂(SO₄)F]^- layers belonging to the crystallochemical group AT³M² (A = UO₂ ^{2 +}) of uranyl complexes and combined into three-dimensional framework by electrostatic interactions involving interlayer rubidium ions.     

Synthesis and electroluminescent property of tris{2-(naphtha [3,4]imidazol-2-yl) pyridinato} Aluminum

An emission material, tris{2-(naphtha [3,4]imidazol-2-yl) pyridinato} Aluminum (AlNIP) used for organic light emitting devices, has been synthesized. The decomposition temperature was observed at 510 °C and no melting transition (T_m) of AlNIP was observed up to 400 °C. The emission spectrum of organic emitting device using AlNIP as emitted layer exhibits a broad maximum at 536 nm. The color of the emitted light is in the orange region in the CIE coordinate of x = 0.41 y = 0.53.     

Modification of an Anion-Exchange Procedure for 68Ga Preconcentration and Automated Synthesis of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11

Radiochemistry - An anion-exchange procedure for concentrating 68Ga produced from a 68Ga/68Ge generator (Cyclotron Company, Russia) was studied systematically. The procedure for preparing...     

TMT(5-巯基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-硫代乙酸)的合成

TMT是一种重要的照相有机物中间体，可用于合成成色剂、防灰务剂、预灰化剂、稳定剂、增感剂、显影剂等方面，近年又广泛应用于医药、染料、农药等工业，本文介绍其合成方法。以二硫化碳、水合肼为原料，两步法合成5-巯基-1，3，4-噻二唑-2-硫代乙酸，该反应条件温和，操作简单，收率达到80％，适合工业化生产。并利用红外、质谱、液相色谱、元素分析对其进行了鉴定。     

Pyrolytic Trifluoromethylation of [76]-, [78]-, [84]-, and Aza[60]Fullerenes with Silver Trifluoroacetate; Evidence for Coordination of Fullerenes to Silver

Pyrolytic trifluoromethylation of [76], [78], [84], and aza[60]fullerenes with silver trifluoroacetate at 300°C results in extensive polyaddition of up to 18, 18, 20 and 20 CF₃ groups, respectively. In contrast to trifluoromethylation of [60]- and [70]fullerenes that give a full range of derivatives ranging upwards from C_n(CF₃)₂, [76]-, [78]-, and [84]-fullerenes only give C_n(CF₃)_6-18 derivatives, largely in the 10-12 CF₃ range; reaction with [76]fullerene is accompanied by formation of C₆₀(CF₃)₆ attributed to cage fragmentation. For aza[60]fullerene the hexa-addition level dominates, in contrast to its other reactions which give predominantly penta-addition products. All the compounds showed peaks at 1256±2 and 1180-1190 cm^-1, due to the CF₃ group, and peaks in this region are shown also by the soluble extract obtained on trifluoromethylation of nanotubes. As in trifluoromethylation of [60]- and [70]-fullerenes, the products obtained initially are involatile, attributed to formation os silver complexes; these are decomposed on subsequent solution in toluene. Mixed isomeric trifluoromethylated C₆₀F₈ derivatives viz. C₆₀F₇CF₃, C₆₀F₆(FG₃)₂, C₆₀F₅(CF₃)₃ and C₆₀F₄(CF₃)₄, and C₆₀F₄CF₃CF₂CF₃ (a C₆₀F₆ derivative) have been isolated from fluorination of [60]fullerene with MnF₃/K₂NilF₆ at 510°C.     

Structural analysis of 2-(2-thienyl)-1-(2-pyrazinyl)ethene [C10H8N2S] and 2-(2-thienyl)-1-(2-quinoxalinyl)ethene [C14H10N2S]

The crystal structures of the 2-(2-thienyl)-1-(2-pyrazinyl)ethene (TPE) and 2-(2-thienyl)-1-(2-quinoxalinyl)ethene (TQE) have been studied by single crystal x-ray diffraction. Both the structures exhibit whole molecule disorder and each structure consists of two conformers, related to each other by approximate two fold rotation of one of the heterocyclic units, about a plane defined by the pi unit linking the electron rich (sulfur) heterocycle to the electron poor (nitrogen) heterocycle. TPE and TQE crystalize in the centrosymmetric space groups Pbca and C2/c respectively, consequently they will not be suitable candidates for second order NLO activity in the condensed phase.     

基于F18高精密电桥的温度计自动测量检定系统

本文介绍了在F18高精密电桥基础上，利用Visual Basic6．0，Access2000、Microsoft Excel及水晶报表为主要开发工具，以Windows为开发平台设计了一套完善的温度计自动测量检定系统。实验验证该系统提高了测量准确度及温度计检定的工作效率。     

基于F18高精密电桥的温度计自动测量检定系统

本文介绍了在F18高精密电桥基础上,利用V isual Basic6.0,Access2000、M icrosoftExcel及水晶报表为主要开发工具,以W indows为开发平台设计了一套完善的温度计自动测量检定系统。实验验证该系统提高了测量准确度及温度计检定的工作效率。     

一步法合成富勒烯[60]-纳米银复合物

AgNO3乙腈溶液注入热的苯甲醛,一步法合成了不同形貌和粒径的纳米银颗粒;硝酸银的乙腈溶液注入热的C60-二甲苯和苯甲醛混合液中,一步原位合成了富勒烯[60]-纳米银复合物。用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、元素分析、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)分析证实了富勒烯[60]-纳米银复合物的形成。对纳米银晶粒形成过程和富勒烯[60]-纳米银复合物的形成进行了初步的解释。