A/O2/移动床生物膜反应器组合工艺处理炼油废水的中试研究

采用厌氧-好氧-好氧-移动床生物膜反应器(A/O2/MBBR)组合工艺对炼油废水处理进行了中试研究,考察中试装置对炼油废水中的CODCr、氨氮的去除情况及系统的耐冲击负荷能力.研究结果表明,A/O2/MBBR组合工艺出水水质明显优于A/O2工艺出水,MBBR可以提高A/O2工艺的容积负荷率和处理效率,具有处理效率高、停留时间短、抗冲击负荷能力强的特点.     

MBBR工艺的应用研究及发展前景

在介绍MBBR工艺原理的基础上,结合现有工程实例阐述了MBBR工艺,MBBR+A/O组合工艺、MBBR+A²/O组合工艺、MBBR+MBR组合工艺应用效果。同时对此三种组合工艺从经济、处理能力以及发展趋势做出比较分析。旨在为污水处理提量提标要求下节约污水处理时间,充分发挥成熟工艺潜能,推进组合工艺发展,为提标改造工艺方案设计提出合理方向和参考价值。     

载体移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)在炼油废水处理工程中的研究与应用

载体移动床生物膜反应器(Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor,简称为MBBR)是在流化床基础上形成的污水处理新技术.它具有处理效率高、脱氮和抗冲击负荷能力强、不需要反冲洗、不发生堵塞的工艺特点.本课题采用"活性污泥法(A/O)+MBBR"工艺对MBBR工艺在炼油废水处理中的应用进行了中试研究,考察中试装置对COD、氨氮、悬浮物的去除情况及系统的耐冲击负荷能力,并对MBBR在呼炼污水厂的改造应用可行性进行了分析.研究结果表明,MBBR应用于炼油废水处理效果显著:①在进水量为240L/h时,COD容积负荷为1.00～1.70kgCOD/m3.d、NH3-N容积负荷为0.06～0.11kgNH3-N/m3.d,中试装置出水水质均能满足以下指标:COD≤60mg/L、NH3-N≤3mg/L、SS≤70mg/L;②中试试验与同期呼炼污水厂生化系统效果做对比,结果表明,A/O/MBBR工艺出水水质明显优于与A/O工艺出水,说明MBBR工艺可以提高A/O工艺的容积负荷率和处理效率,具有高效、出水稳定和耐冲击负荷的特点.     

A/O+BAF组合工艺在炼油废水处理中的应用

随着原油劣质化趋势的不断加剧,炼油废水水质日趋复杂,传统的活性污泥法、生物膜法以及A/O法等单一的生化处理工艺已不能满足国家污水排放标准的要求。利用A/O工艺除碳脱氮效能显著和BAF工艺处理微污染水性能突出的优点,中油庆阳石化新厂炼油废水处理采用A/O+BAF组合工艺以应对这一趋势,实现炼油废水处理连续稳定达标,确保回用水处理装置长周期平稳运行。     

A/MBBR污水处理工艺中PPC悬浮填料的性能研究

A/O与MBBR组合的高效污水处理工艺的核心是悬浮填料,为探究PPC填料对水处理工艺的作用和影响,采用生物相镜检、 SEM表面形貌分析、SEM-EDS能谱分析法对PPC填料的微生物种类、表面形貌、元素变化进行检测,结果表明,运行后的填料内部微生物种群丰富,有水质良好的指示生物出现,大孔隙织网状墙体结构附着较多的微生物及有机物,C、O、N元素运行后数量减少、比重下降,有效促进了工艺内部厌氧和外部好氧反应,该PPC填料在A/MBBR工艺中表现出优良的性能。     

A/三级MBBR法处理炼油废水的中试研究

在容积为10.5 m3的装置中,采用A/三级MBBR工艺对炼油废水的处理进行了中试研究。考察了中试装置对炼油废水中CODCr、NH4+—N的去除率。结果表明,采用A/三级MBBR工艺生化反应停留时间(14.3 h)远低于现有炼油废水处理厂的生化反应停留时间(66 h),对COD和NH4+—N的平均去除率分别达到92.4%和99.8%,具有处理效率高、停留时间短的特点,出水水质达到了《国家综合排放标准》(GB8978—1996)中的一级排放标准。     

A/O+BAF组合工艺处理石化废水现场应用

介绍采用A/O与BAF组合工艺对石化混合废水进行处理的情况。在污水厂A/O工艺基础上,加一级低负荷曝气生物滤池(BAF),并进行现场应用,考察A/O+BAF组合工艺对该类混合石化废水的处理效果。运行结果表明,该组合工艺运行成本低,出水满足GB 13457—1996《污水综合排放标准》一级排放标准要求。     

制药工业园区混合尾水组合工艺中试研究

针对制药工业园区混合尾水成分复杂、有机物种类多、水质波动大、高COD、低COD/BOD5、毒性大等特点,采用水解酸化+UASB+MBBR+混凝沉淀组合工艺进行处理。结果表明,处理后出水COD150 mg/L,BOD520 mg/L,色度20倍。该工艺具有运行有机负荷高、耐冲击负荷能力强、出水稳定、易操作、易推广等特点。     

A~2O+MBBR组合工艺处理工业园区污水

本文主要介绍了某工业园区污水处理厂采用A~2O+MBBR组合工艺处理园区综合工业废水的工艺流程、工艺参数、处理效果等,结果显示,在水力停留时间:调节池、事故应急池和水解酸化池均为6h,沉淀池3h,A~2O池12h(厌氧3h、缺氧3h、好氧6h),MBBR池12h,二沉池4.2h,污泥池30min;水温15℃的工况下,A~2O+MBBR组合工艺对废水中COD_(Cr)、BOD_5、SS、NH_3-N和TN的去除效率分别为88%、93.3%、95%、84%和71.4%,外排废水满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)一级B标准要求。     

“A/O+MBBR”工艺在延安石油化工厂污水处理系统升级改造中的应用

文章介绍了延安石油化工厂污水处理系统的情况,研究了该系统"A/O+MBBR"工艺改造的方案及关键技术参数。并对改造后系统的污水处理效果进行了分析。     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

几种针状焦性能对比

针状焦分石油系和煤系两大类,这主要取决于针状焦的原料来源。在同一系列中由于原料不同和工艺条件不同 ,针状焦的各自性能也不相同。针状焦是生产超高功率石墨电极和高功率石墨电极的主要原料 ,针状焦的性能对石墨电极的质量有至关重要的影响。所以对针状焦性能以及其对石墨电极质量影响的研究十分必要的。以下是常用的几种进口针状焦和国产针状焦的性能对比。１原料性能分析对比原料试样包括４种针状焦 ,其中两种为进口针状焦：三菱针状焦和新日化针状焦;另两种为国产针状焦：鞍山针状焦和锦州针状焦。其中除锦州针状焦是石油系针状焦外…     

用两个形状指数表征粉煤灰颗粒形貌的研究

引用两个形状指数表征颗粒形状的概念,即先将颗粒形状近似为椭圆,再将椭圆图像分离:以圆为基准的颗粒宏观形状指数δ;以光滑椭圆为基准的颗粒轮廓凹凸度,即微观形状指数ζ。分析和发展了近似椭圆模型。并运用图像分析仪对粉煤灰、水泥样品进行实验。结果表明,粉煤灰颗粒的两个形状指数δ和ζ都大于水泥颗粒。证明粉煤灰颗粒的球形度、表面光滑度优于水泥,而且,随着粒径增大,δ和ζ呈下降趋势,表明磨制颗粒越粗。(?)粒形状越不规则。文中还运用近似椭圆模型再现了颗粒的模拟图像。