低碳经济新秩序:中国的选择

<正>当发达国家大力推进以高能效、低排放为核心的"低碳革命",着力发展"低碳技术"之际,全球的产业、能源、技术、贸易等政策都面临着重大调整,中国经济面临的压力和挑战是不言而喻的。发展低碳经济对中国而言,紧迫性是显而易见的,因     

有机热载体炉技术及其进展

文章在分析有机热载体特点和结构设计的基础上讨论了有机热载体炉的技术及其进展。指出：高能效、低排放技术,先进的设计技术,精确的制造技术,在线过滤、监测、分析、清洗技术等运行控制技术是有机热载体炉未来发展方向。     

为中国低碳交通发展鼓与呼——访能源与交通创新中心中国区副总裁方芳

交通运输部部长李盛霖曾表示：“交通运输行业是节能减排的重点领域。‘十二五’期间，交通运输业将加快建立以低碳为特征的交通运输体系。”低碳交通是一种以高能效、低能耗、低污染、低排放为特征的交通运输发展方式，其核心在于提高交通运输能源效率，改善交通运输用能结构，优化交通运输发展方式。     

减少燃煤锅炉污染有新招

<正>覆盖全国范围的燃煤锅炉拆改大行动进行得如火如荼,那么在燃煤锅炉改造过程中是否有一些值得借鉴推广的工程案例呢?近日,以解耦燃烧技术为核心建立的"河北省固安县南赵各庄村解耦燃煤锅炉集中供热示范工程"通过专家验收。专家组认为,该系统热效率高、供热质量高、经济性和安全性好、污染物排放低,有效解决了农村或城郊中小型集中清洁高效供热问题。解耦燃烧技术由中科院过程工程所发明,是目前国内外唯一可以有效降低二氧化氮排放的高效中小型     

智慧供热系统关键技术浅析

随着国内"互联网"+智慧能源的发展,智慧供热已经成为传统供热工程的重要发展方向。基于供热系统中数据获取、传输和分析的过程,智慧供热技术架构主要包括物理系统层、物联感知层、智慧控制层、系统安全技术和标准化体系建设。物理系统层关键技术包括高效的热源、热网水力平衡、储热、热电协同等;物联感知层关键技术包括数据的全面感知和数据的有效传输;智慧控制层关键技术包括多元热网优化控制、大数据分析和综合评价体系;系统安全技术主要分为管理体系、技术体系和运维体系;标准化体系建设主要涉及热网物理系统和信息系统的相关标准。为进一步推动智慧供热的发展,需要不断提高供热系统的信息化、数字化和智能化水平,合理有效地利用太阳能、地热能、生物质能等可再生能源实现绿色供热;将热力系统与电力系统、天然气系统深度耦合,充分利用不同能源的特性;激发用户的节能意识,并基于大数据、云计算等信息技术改善供热质量和拓展供热服务;鼓励和支持各项供热新技术、新模式的试点工作,理顺供热收费机制,并通过出台相关政策和标准引导智慧供热发展。     

英国科学家发明转化二氧化碳废气新技术

英国纽卡斯尔大学科学家开发出一项能够减少温室气体排放的突破性技术。这项高能效技术能够将二氧化碳废气转化为一种名叫环状碳酸酯的化合物。 据美国每日科学网站报道,由有机化学教授迈克尔&#183;诺思领导的研究小组估计,借助这项技术,每年可望处理多达4800万t二氧化碳废气,从而把英国的二氧化碳排放量减少大约4％。     

链条炉排锅炉的煤粉室燃替换改造及效果分析

传统燃煤链条炉排锅炉普遍存在运行效率低、污染物排放高等问题,而将高效煤粉室燃技术应用于链条炉替换改造是目前较经济合理的选择.针对以往改造存在未将锅炉装备技术改造与炉膛结构和燃烧方式改造有机结合等问题,通过对天津某供热企业4台58 MW燃煤链条炉排锅炉进行煤粉室燃替换改造,采用先进的低氮风冷燃烧结合空气分级技术,取得了预...     

无疏水器蒸汽供热闭路循环技术

<正> 1 前言最近,由于工作的关系,笔者接触了一些供热中回收冷凝水的节能技术,颇受启发,为此特向同行们介绍一项简单易行、效益显著的无疏水器蒸汽供热“闭路循环”节能技术。 2 研制过程 10年前,黑龙江省肇东市制油厂针对本企业制油工艺中供热冷凝水不能全部回收,造成了能源浪费的问题,摸索研制了“无疏水器蒸汽供热闭路循环”节能改造技术。它与现有的技术不同之处在于:一是整个系统没有一个疏水器,完全封闭运行,故称无疏水器“闭路循环”;二是可以将整个供热系统中所有用热设备排放的尾汽及冷凝水集中于一个回收装置之中,结构尤为简单。目前这项技术已在黑龙江省肇东市制     

低温度乏风直接利用供热系统在新建煤矿的应用

新建煤矿生产前期乏风温度较低,矿井水水量很少无法利用,怎么解决冬季供热问题成为当务之急,低温度乏风如何利用成了研究的主要内容。以甘肃某新建煤矿为例,利用低温度乏风直接利用系统可解决生产前期大部分供热负荷需求,同时对该系统与燃煤锅炉进行运行费用对比分析,结果显示低温度乏风直接利用系统具有节能环保,无任何污染物排放的优势。     

摩托车发动机可变技术研究进展

随着排放法规和燃油经济性要求的加严,开发更加高效、低排放的发动机已经成为该领域研究的热点。可变技术可以提高发动机的综合性能,将成为摩托车发动机实现节能减排的主要技术之一。概述了可变技术的理论依据,介绍了可变进气道技术、可变排气道技术、可变配气技术、可变压缩比技术等在摩托车上的研究进展,指出了尚待解决的问题,展望了未来摩托车发动机可变技术的发展方向。     

钢板横向感应加热磁-热耦合的有限元数值模拟

采用电磁-热耦合二维有限元法模拟钢板感应加热,得到了加热频率和电流密度对加热时间、加热速度和温度均匀性的影响。结果表明,采用U型线圈加热钢板,可以形成一个完整的磁回路,符合感应加热钢板的要求;频率增加能够缩短加热时间和扩大钢板温度的温差;而电流密度增加,加热时间缩短,其对温度均匀性的影响则随电流增加温差增大。     

Performance modeling of air cycle heat pump water heater in cold climate

Air (reverse Brayton) cycle has promising features in cold climate heat pump applications. In this study, an air cycle heat pump water heater (ACHPWH) simulation model considering the off-design performance of components was developed and validated with experimental data from literature. With this model, the performance of ACHPWH was numerically compared with two typical vapor compression heat pump water heaters (VCHPWH) under two different heating schemes, namely instantaneous heating and recirculation heating. For instantaneous heating, the COP of ACHPWH is comparable to that of VCHPWH when supplying high temperature water or operating at low ambient temperature. A significant improvement on annual performance would be achieved as well if higher efficient compressor and expander were applied in ACHPWH system. For recirculation heating, although the COP gap got larger, ACHPWH would save plenty of heating time when operating at low ambient temperature.     

建筑节能前后采暖热负荷模拟分析

节能建筑通过对围护结构、输送管路及热源采取相应的节能措施,改变各类负荷在整个热负荷中权重比例。本文通过对建筑节能前后的热负荷的比较与分析,得出节能建筑采暖热负荷显著降低,热源及末端的配置方法发生较大变化。     

Sensing hydrogen transitions in homes through social practices: Cooking,heating, and the decomposition of demand

Hydrogen is increasingly being positioned as an essential part of low-carbon transitions. While the role of hydrogen in decarbonising industrial processes and transportation has received growing attention in recent years, very little research has focused on hydrogen as a fuel for homes. This paper uses theories of social practice to illustrate how the physical and chemical properties of hydrogen may disrupt domestic practices of cooking and heating. It focuses on one specific characteristic of hydrogen, that it burns with a near-invisible flame, and reports on a research project that investigated how one hundred people in the North East of England believed this would change their sensorially mediated social practices of heating and cooking. Participants imagined their practices of cooking would be severely disrupted while their practices of heating would be largely unaffected. The paper concludes by summarising the implications of the research for policy, industry, and researchers interested in hydrogen transitions; that these two key home domestic practices have potentially different transition pathways.     

Assessment of long-term sustainable end-use energy demand in Romania*

Romania is the 10th largest economy in EU-28 and also one of the fastest growing economies in the region. An end-use energy demand model is developed for Romania to assess energy requirement by sector and by end-use for 2015–2050 period. Industry would surpass residential sector as the largest final energy-consuming sector from 2035 onwards. Services sector would exhibit the fastest growth of energy consumption. Despite expected decline in country’s population, demand for electricity would grow in the future driven by increased household income and expanded services sector, which is relatively electricity intensive. Still, Romania’s per capita electricity consumption would be about half of the EU-28 average. At the end-use level, thermal processes in industry, space heating in the residential and services, and road passenger travel in transport sector would be dominant throughout the study period. Improvement of energy efficiency in the heating system exhibits the highest potential of energy saving.     

A transient test method applied to air heating collectors

In many parts of the world steady state testing outdoors can only be done on a few days in the year. A transient test method has recently been developed that overcomes this problem. It has been specified only in relation to liquid heating collectors. We have tried it on air heating collectors and have found that it yields an efficiency curve that resembles that which would have been obtained under steady state conditions equal to the average of the transient ambient conditions. We have also found that the time interval central to the transient analysis has to be defined in a different way for air heating collectors than for liquid heating collectors.     

A review on gasification of biomass

Studies on the effect of size, structure, environment, temperature, heating rate, composition of biomass and ash are reviewed. Based on the observations reported so far, auto-gasification of biomass by the bio-oxygen and the catalytic ash would be feasible. The auto-gasification may be explained in terms of heterogeneous catalytic reaction. Better understanding of auto-gasification is possible by further studies carrying out on the effect of heating rate on auto-gasification.     

Urban residential heating in hot summer and cold winter zones of China—Status,modeling, and scenarios to 2030

Space heating energy consumption in urban residential areas of the hot summer and cold winter zones (HSCW) in China has increased dramatically during the last decade. Large-scale surveys and in-depth measurements of residential heating consumption is important to monitor trends. More importantly, a macro energy model that reflects the current status and that can be used to analyze future scenarios is needed. In this paper, a bottom-up model was established, and the results show the total energy consumption in the HSCW and the influences of building envelops, heating equipment efficiency, and especially occupant behavior on energy use. Related technical and policy suggestions were analyzed in different scenarios. Presently, energy consumption for heating in urban residential areas of the HSCW is relatively low, but is increasing rapidly, so the establishment of superior national building energy efficient designs requires attention. The findings suggest that the district heating network would not be feasible for the HSCW and decentralized heating should be the major heating method employed. Besides building efficiency, appliance efficiency should also be improved. Lastly, residents' behaviors in regards to the opening of windows can significantly influence energy use and should be carefully considered by policy makers and engineers.     

减阻技术在集中供热与空调水输配系统中的应用

集中供热与空调系统在我国已经成为耗能大户 ,其中大量能耗消耗在水泵上用来输送热水或冷冻水、冷却水。减阻技术在集中供热及空调水输配系统的应用可以极大地降低泵耗 ,从而具有广阔的节能前景。本文介绍了可用来降低泵耗的粘性减阻技术的减阻机理、减阻方法 ,并介绍了国、内外减阻技术在暖通空调领域的应用研究情况。     

Modeling thermal management of lithium-ion PNGV batteries

Batteries were designed with the aid of a computer modeling program to study the requirements of the thermal control system for meeting the goals set by the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles (PNGV). The battery designs were based upon the lithium-ion cell composition designated Gen-2 in the US Department of Energy Advanced Technology Development Program. The worst-case cooling requirement that would occur during prolonged aggressive driving was estimated to be 250 W or about 5 W per cell for a 48-cell battery. Rapid heating of the battery from a very low startup temperature is more difficult than cooling during driving. A dielectric transformer fluid is superior to air for both heating and cooling the battery. A dedicated refrigeration system for cooling the battery coolant would be helpful in maintaining low temperature during driving. The use of ample insulation would effectively slow the battery temperature rise when parking the vehicle in warm weather. Operating the battery at 10 °C during the first several years when the battery has excess power would extend the battery life.