Zr基非晶合金微塑性成形工艺研究

研究了Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5块体非晶合金(Vit.1)在370～430℃区域内等温压缩变形行为,获得其高温粘性流变规律。利用透射电镜分析Vit.1在370℃时应变软化及420℃时应变强化现象。根据所确定的高温变形工艺参数,使用快速加热精密微塑性成形系统进行了Vit.1微型齿轮成形试验,研究不同温度及载荷下的齿轮成形工艺。利用扫描电镜、原子力显微镜和显微硬度计对成形件的表面形貌和性能分析结果表明,在温度395℃及载荷350N条件下成形出的非晶合金微型齿轮性能均匀表面光洁度好,利用此微成形工艺可以获得质量良好的微型零件。     

基于微束等离子熔覆的直接金属快速成形系统设计

金属零件直接制造技术目前已成为快速成形技术的研究热点和重要发展方向.提出一种基于微束等离子熔覆工艺的直接金属成形方法,介绍该方法的工作原理和系统构成,设计并开发基于等离子熔覆的金属零件直接制造软、硬件系统,并采用该系统进行中空零件成形实验.实验结果表明,并采用微束等离子熔覆直接制造系统可以得到成形良好、组织细密的金属零件.     

考虑内禀长度的纯铝L2微拉深过程模拟

结合传统拉深成形工艺过程,采用材料的内禀长度来表征微塑性成形过程中的尺度效应,并在建立的三维有限元分析模型的基础上,对纯铝L2的微拉深工艺过程进行数值模拟与分析,研究了纯铝微拉深的塑性成形过程.试验成形出的微拉深件直径在1.4～1.6 mm之间,纵向深度在1.2～1.4 mm之间,拉深力为2.67 N,微拉深试验结果与模拟结果基本吻合.通过试验结果和模拟结果的对比,说明含内禀长度的微塑性本构方程能够用于微拉深成形过程的有限元数值模拟.     

微束等离子弧焊接焊缝熔宽的实时检测控制系统

采用微束等离子弧焊的方法直接制造金属零件是一种新型的快速成形制造工艺。控制累加层之间的累积精度，对控制成形零件的表面精度十分重要，用CCD对焊缝熔宽实行实时监控，考虑到弧光的干扰，对等离子弧光的光谱特性进行分析，采用窄带滤波方法，并对熔池图像进行处理，采用模糊控制实现对焊缝熔宽的实时监测，改善了成形零件的表面质量。     

精密微塑性成形系统的研制

随着微型零件尺寸的减小,对成形设备提出了更高要求,传统的塑性成形设备难以在小行程下实现载荷和位移的精确控制。针对微成形的特点研制了精密微塑性成形系统,设计了宏动／微动相结合的驱动系统,微动部分使用压电陶瓷作为驱动器,宏动部分采用精密丝杠旋钮来实现,借助数据采集系统进行数据的实时采集和处理,使用成形工艺控制器对微成形过程进行精确控制,该系统可以对模具进行加热以实现等温成形,由温度PID控制器控制。使用该精密微塑性性成形系统进行了微成形试验,所成形的微型齿轮零件质量良好。     

微槽道半固态成形流动形貌研究

在已有半固态微成形研究的基础上,将半固态技术应用于微槽道成形过程,针对微成形过程中尺度效应带来的充填性较差的问题,提出微槽道触变成形工艺.通过实验成形出具有4个肋板的微槽道特征结构,并采用SEM研究了工艺参数对微槽道肋板流动形貌的影响规律.引入肋板的最大充填率和形状因子对肋板的成形性进行了探讨.结果 表明,成形得到的微...     

温度对黄铜微成形镦粗的影响规律研究

微成形是微细加工技术群体中的一项技术.由于尺寸效应的影响,微成形比传统的塑性成形更为复杂.研究表明：零件微型化导致了尺寸效应,使传统的塑性加工工艺不能直接应用于微成形,材料不能再看作是均质的,而提高温度进行加工有可能抵消掉非均质材料特性.本文通过H62黄铜（直径从4mm到0.5mm）的加热镦粗实验,其结果与冷成形时进行比较,表明温度影响成形结果,加热使得材料流动趋向于均匀,流动应力降低,因此微成形能通过提高加工温度改进成形结果.     

汽车前防撞梁的热冲压成形数值模拟与试验

采用LS-DYNA软件,对汽车前防撞梁的热成形工艺进行数值模拟分析,计算了在两种摩擦条件下热成形过程中零件的温度场、应力场、减薄率和FLD,预测了零件的成形性能.根据模拟结果开发了热成形模具,冲压出热成形前防撞梁零件,将数值模拟结果和试验结果进行对比,两者基本吻合,变化趋势相同.结果显示,摩擦状态对热成形工艺的成形性能影响较大.     

微束等离子弧粉末熔覆金属成形件的组织及性能

采用微束等离子弧粉末熔覆技术在Q235低碳钢基板上利用铁基合金粉末Fe313直接金属成形筒状零件毛坯.通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜观察成形金属零件显微组织和形貌,进行EDS分析,并测试了熔覆层的显微硬度.结果表明,等离子弧粉末熔覆直接成形工件的显微组织受到后续成形工艺循环加热的影响而晶粒细化,成形工件硬度沿高度呈U形分布.     

宏域微成形与铋系超导带材的加工

铋系高温超导带材是目前唯一能够实现工业化生产并已在强电、弱电领域应用的超导材料,主要加工手段是多道次的拉拔和轧制塑性成形,是一种典型的"宏观作用,微观成形"多芯多场塑性成形过程,即宏域微成形.本文提出了宏域微成形原理和理论框架,包括:宏域微成形的特征、成形尺度的界定、直接微成形与宏域微成形的相互关系、尺度效应、材料组织效应、摩擦效应和温度效应等.采用基本实验测试、计算建模、理论分析和工艺实验来开展宏域微成形的基础科学研究,并提出了可应用于实际生产的节能高效的工艺方案,以指导铋系超导带材的加工成形.     

成膜时间对镁合金镧盐转化膜耐蚀性的影响

稀土盐转化膜是一种绿色环保的金属表面处理技术,为探究硝酸镧成膜时间对镁合金耐蚀性的影响,在镁合金表面成功制备出不同成膜时间下的镧盐转化膜。 试验采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)以及 X 射线衍射仪(XRD) 对膜层的表面形貌及组成进行了表征,采用点滴试验、电化学方法(EIS / Tafel)对不同成膜时间下膜层的耐蚀性进行了测试,并使用软件对结果进行拟合。 试验结果表明,镁合金表面生成了一层微米级的稀土转化膜,转化膜表面存在裂纹,其中 30 min 成膜时间的裂纹最小;点滴试验及电化学测试结果表明镧盐转化膜能够大幅度地提高镁合金耐蚀性, 30 min 成膜时间获得的膜层耐蚀性最佳,相对于空白镁合金,其自腐蚀电流密度下降了 4 个数量级,自腐蚀电位正移了 943 mV;EDS 结果表明,膜层主要由 La 和 O 元素组成,XRD 结果进一步表明 La(OH)₃ 是膜层的主要成分。     

纯铜径向微压缩塑性变形行为尺寸效应

对不同晶粒尺寸的纯铜多晶体圆柱试样,开展径向微压缩试样。实验结果表明,随着晶粒尺寸的增大,成形力减弱,分散性增大,并出现不规则表面。提出了基于表层晶粒位错堆积的修正表层模型和基于标准偏差理论和晶粒尺寸分布的流动应力波动性公式,分析了微压缩变形中的成形力尺寸效应。从表层晶粒以旋转为主要变形模式的角度,讨论了表层晶粒非均匀塑性变形。与实验结果吻合很好。     

Lubrication for Micro Forming of Ultra Thin Metal Foil

The objective of the present investigation is to establish lubrication technique in micro forming operation. Conventional lubricant, in general, cannot be applied directly to micro forming process, since the lubricant thickness is similar to the dimensions of feature size in micro forming operations. In present investigation, the Octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) self-assembled monolayer (SAM) was chosen as a potential lubricant because it sticks to Si wafer die and can be applied to surface with uniform thickness of several nanometer thick. Friction coefficient and adhesion force were measured for OTS SAM coated wafer. It is shown that OTS SAM coated Si wafer offers substantially lower friction and lower adhesion than bare Si wafer. Micro channel wafer die was coated with OTS SAM and channel forming operation with 1μm thick copper foil was carried out. Experimental results show that OTS SAM coated wafer die improves forming characteristic of ultra thin copper foil substantially. These results show that SAM coating can be used as a lubricant in micro forming successfully.     

Ni-W合金镀层在电池外壳成形模中的应用

介绍采用电镀法在不锈钢电池外壳成形凸模上沉积Ni-W合金镀层,并对成形凸模失效形式、镀层的表面形貌、组织结构、显微硬度、耐磨性能等进行了分析。结果表明,已镀凸模的使用寿命比未镀凸模使用寿命有较大提高。     

Towards the first generation micro bulk forming system

The industrial demand for micro mechanical components has surged in the later years with the constant introduction of more integrated products. The micro bulk forming process holds a promising pledge of delivering high quality micro mechanical components at low cost and high production rates. This work describes a number of prototype system units, which collectively form a desktop sized micro forming production system. The system includes a billet preparation module, an integrated transfer system, a temperature controlled forming tool, including process simulation, and a dedicated micro forming press. The system is demonstrated on an advanced micro forming case where a dental component is formed in medical grade Titanium.     

A multi-region model for numerical simulation of micro bulk forming

Due to the small billet size in micro forming, each grain, especially that on the surface layer, has direct influence on the deformation behavior of the billet. The multi-region model was proposed for simulating the micro bulk forming process in this paper. The object in the model is divided into three different regions: the inner polycrystal region, the grain interior of the surface region and the grain-boundary layer in the surface region. Each surface grain has different orientation. Depending on the Hall-Petch formula, which is applicable to describe polycrystal materials, and introducing scale parameters, the constitutive equation of each region is deduced based on the unidirectional compression tests data of the copper specimen. Using the multi-region model, the coining process with micro feature is simulated to investigate the size effect in micro forming. Moreover, an experiment of coining process with micro-feature is performed to verify the correctness of the multi-region simulation model. The experimental results show a good agreement with those in numerical simulation.     

Investigation on mechanism of metal foil surface finishing with vibration-assisted micro-forging

Vibration-assisted forming is able to reduce forming force and prolong the tools life significantly. Applying vibration-assisted forming in micro-forming is necessary for better form accuracy of micro metal products. In this paper, vibration-assisted micro-forging was proposed for metal foil surface finishing. Different parameters were investigated at different vibration time. It was found that the surface asperity deformation takes place mainly in the initial stage. The surface roughness reduction is closely related to forming work, which is increasing with vibration time. After vibration-assisted micro-forging, the surface roughness could be reduced by 50%.     

Forming of Micro Channels with Ultra Thin Metal Foils

The objective of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of producing micro scale structures by forming ultra thin metal foils. During this investigation, flat rolled foils of AISI 304 stainless steel (2.5μm in thickness) and pure copper (3.0μm in thickness) were formed into channels of varying shapes. The shapes of these channels were straight lines, concentric circles, crosses, and other curved shapes. The cross sections of the channels ranged from 10∼20μm wide and 5-10μm deep. Forming was done by cold isostatic pressing. Two types of micro dies were used. One was made of SU-8 photo resist on a Si wafer, the other of dry etched (DRIE) Si wafer. The die and metal foil were vacuum packed in a bag made of multilayered film. The forming was conducted with a 240MPa cold hydrostatic press. The formed structures were examined in terms of their dimensions, surface qualities, and potential for defect. The fabrication results show that the sheet metal forming process can be applied to the manufacturing of micro scale structures.     

Tribological behavior of micro structured surfaces for micro forming tools

Mechanical micro machining processes, like milling and grinding are appropriate technologies for the flexible production of precise molds with complex shapes for metal forming processes. In most cases machining strategies are orientated towards form accuracy of the desired forming tool only. Thus, the generation of tribologically advantageous surfaces is often carried out in subsequent machining steps like honing. In micro scale the subsequent treatment of complex surfaces is very difficult. For that reason it is desirable to create the shape and a suitable surface texture with one tool in one step.This paper is focusing on the comparison of the tribological behavior of polished surfaces with structured surfaces machined by micro milling and micro grinding processes. Micro milling tools and grinding pins with ballend shape are used to create micro structured surfaces. The machining strategy (tool path and line pitch) was varied for both tool types in the same manner. The experiments were carried out on hardened cold working steel using tungsten carbide micro cutters with TiAlN coating and micro grinding pins with an abrasive diamond layer. White light interferometry was used to characterize the machined surfaces and determine the surface parameters. Moreover, a strip drawing test was set up to investigate the tribological behavior of the system consisting of the machined surfaces and thin sheet metals. The results of the strip drawing test suggest a relationship between micro structure and tribological behavior. Finally, the dependencies between machining technology, surface parameters and tribological behavior will be discussed.     

汽车轴承部件异常开裂的电子探针分析

使用电子探针对某汽车轴承部件在成型过程中出现的开裂失效进行了解析,解释了出现失效裂纹的主要原因是部件中间位置出现元素硫的偏析聚集使得中间位置不易形成与其他位置一致的铁素体＋珠光体组织,而能够细化晶粒的元素铝的负偏析导致中间位置形成粗大的铁素体组织,另外,粗大的非金属复合夹杂物的存在进一步割裂了基体性能的连续性,恶化了中间位置的综合性能。结果表明,电子探针高灵敏度的特征,能够直观地表征微量元素铝和硫的偏析分布。同时,可借助电子探针背散射检测器高灵敏度的特点,直接进行渗层的观察和评价。