合肥市某会展中心空调冷热源改造方案碳排放分析

空调系统碳排放是建筑能源消耗的重要一环,但空调冷热源系统选择通常从其初投资、运行费用等经济性角度分析,很少从碳排放角度分析其特点。利用实际改造项目,从碳排放角度分析不同冷热源方案的空调系统年碳排放量,为空调冷热源系统选择提供参考。结合合肥市某会展中心调研情况,提出四种空调冷热源方案,根据空调系统的年碳排放量分析不同冷热源系统方案的特点,为项目冷热源系统选择提供参考。     

地源热泵推广应用还有待时日

由于地热能源的不同,现今地源热泵系统也分以下几大类:一类是利用土壤为热源或热汇的系统为土壤耦合热泵系统,另一类为利用地下水为热源或热汇的系统为地下水热泵系统,还有就是利用地表水(江河湖海)为热源或热汇的系统为地表水热泵系统。系统的不同决定了应用区域的不同,举个最简单的例子,北方特别是东北冬季温度低,地表水通常是以固态形式存在,     

河北省地源热泵应用与发展

近年来河北省地源热泵项目发展迅速,各种热源形式都有应用,并出现了利用新的热源形式的地源热泵系统,如工业余热、地热尾水、污废水源等作为新的热源形式应用在地源热泵系统中。河北省地源热泵系统的发展趋势正在向着热源形式多样化、建立区域供热供冷站为大的区域的各种类型建筑供暖供冷方向发展。     

要特别重视地源热泵系统中“源”的问题

地源热泵系统和其它热泵系统一样“是一种利用高位能使热量从低位热源流向高位热源的节能装置”。用热泵系统来采暖,主要热量不是来自燃料而是来自“低位热源”。按照GB50366-2005对地源热泵系统的解释,岩土体、地下水或地表水都可以是上述“低位热源”。     

太阳能-空气源热泵组合热源系统在大理卷烟厂联合工房中的应用

本文介绍了一种将太阳能空气源热泵组合热源系统用作卷烟厂联合工房空调热源的应用方法,并对组合热源系统的工作原理、系统构成等进行了分析、总结,提出了在空调末端中利用热水和微雾替代蒸汽的方法,并对工程的节能减排效果和经济性进行了分析总结。     

深圳某五星级酒店空调系统设计

介绍了该工程空调系统设计的总体情况。重点分析了冷热源设计、空调水系统设计以及BIM技术在项目中的应用。本工程利用冬季热源风冷热泵机组作为夏季备用冷源,采用"抽出式"系统降低冷热源承压等级以及使用BIM技术解决建筑空间利用问题,为同类项目设计提供一些设计思路。     

办公楼太阳能热水系统设计探讨——以浙江省城乡规划设计研究院为例

结合实际工程案例,提出了三个具体的设计方案并分析其利弊,以适应客户的要求,将一套不考虑辅助热源的纯太阳能热水系统应用于高层建筑中,用经济的投资打造一例节能建筑。     

太阳能-地源热泵与地板辐射空调系统联合运行方式探讨

论述了太阳能及地热能作为地板辐射空调系统冷热源的可行性及必要性,提出了一种利用太阳能和土壤热源热泵通过地板辐射空调供暖供冷的方案,讨论了系统在冬夏和过渡季的运行方式。     

基于价值工程的住宅太阳能热水系统优化方案选择

以兰州市一栋住宅楼为研究对象，利用价值工程对以天然气为辅助热源的建筑一体化大型太阳能热水系统与常规热水系统进行比较。结果表明，以天然气为辅助热源的建筑一体化大型太阳能热水系统为优化方案。     

BA系统在建筑节能方面的应用

从建筑的主要能耗系统：冷热源系统、空调新风系统、照明系统三个方面,结合某项目的具体案例,就如何利用BA技术实现建筑物内的冷热源、通风空调、照明等设备的有效控制,以达到系统节能进行了具体分析,从而充分发挥BA系统在节能方面的作用。     

分户计量供暖对热源负荷的影响

分析了用户调节对热源的影响,讨论了热源负荷的影响因素。通过计算不同散热器、不同供回水温度条件下,室内温度变化对热源热负荷的影响,给出了在实行住宅分户计量供暖后热源负荷确定的参考数据。     

武汉供电局办公楼暨客户服务中心蓄能冷热源设计

武汉供电局办公楼暨客户服务中心为典型的办公服务类建筑,空调冷热源采用蓄能方式,蓄冷为全冻结冰球式蓄冷,蓄热为电锅炉加热,水显热蓄热。本文针对办公楼的蓄能冷热源设计,阐述了设计和计算方法,通过获得的实际运行数据分析,说明了办公类建筑物采用蓄能冷热源的现实意义。     

Operational management of trunk main discolouration risk

Despite significant on-going investment, water companies continue to receive an unacceptable number of discolouration related customer contacts. In this paper, data from intensive distribution system turbidity monitoring and cluster analysis of discolouration customer contacts indicate that a significant proportion of these contacts are due to material mobilising from the trunk main system, and operational flow increases are shown to have a higher discolouration risk than burst incidents. A trunk main discolouration incident highlighting this risk is discussed, demonstrating the need for pro-active trunk main risk assessments. To identify the source of the material event flow rates were modelled using the PODDS (prediction of discolouration in distribution systems) discolouration model. Best practice pro-active management is demonstrated in a case study where the PODDS model is used to implement managed incremental flow changes on a main with known discolouration risk with no discolouration impact to customers and significant cost savings.     

我国城市供水行业的客户服务现状及问题分析

供水客户服务因其行业自然垄断性而长期受到忽视，但随着城市水业改革的推进和行业绩效评估的开展，逐渐受到重视。通过问卷调查和案例调查等方式对我国供水企业客户服务的现状进行了深入了解，并从不同层面对客户服务目前存在的问题进行了分析。认为我国供水客户服务在行业定位、政府监管、企业管理、制度建设和公众意识上仍存在问题。该调查结果可对我国城市水业客户服务在企业管理和行业监管方面提供帮助。     

A Joint US and UK Approach to Water Supply and Distribution Modelling

Network analysis has been practised in the water industry for many years, both in the UK and US, especially for capital investment planning and operational strategies. Driven now by the need to improve and maintain customer service levels, the management of water distribution is beginning to rely more on network analysis techniques. The combination of large, detailed models and easy-to-use software is moving network analysis into new areas of benefits in Severn Trent Water using the Stoner workstation service. By providing a simple, geographic interface with the user, the use of network simulation facilities has been increased tenfold in the company. In addition to the hydraulic benefits, Severn Trent Water has followed a lead from the US with water quality modelling, including nitrate blending, source water mixing and chlorine residual analysis.     

Insights into water service quality in Jordan from key performance indicators and consumer perceptions

The study analyzed correlations between water supply service performance and customer satisfaction in Jordan, using key performance indicators (KPIs) and surveys of 914 consumers. The study revealed that the level of water service, including water quality, did not influence consumers' selection of drinking water source but strongly influenced their choice of cooking water. The consumers' overall satisfaction showed a significant correlation coefficient with the operating ratio (revenue/expense for operation) (R = 0.84, P < 0.01) and weekly water supply hours (R = 0.69, P < 0.05), which was influenced mainly by consumers’ perception regarding sufficient water quantity and quality.     

Toward the digital water age: Survey and case studies of Australian water utility smart-metering programs

The role of ‘smart metering’ in demand management, customer service, labor optimization, and operational efficiency is becoming increasingly recognized by Australasian water utilities. The objectives of this paper are to provide a summary of the 2013 and 2014 surveys and in-depth interviews that were aimed at gauging the penetration of smart metering (SM) and intelligent water network (IWN) projects in Australian and New Zealand water utilities and to identify outputs and challenges faced subsequent to their implementation.The key insights are summarized as follows:• Smart meters and intelligent water networks are gaining momentum in Australasia, with at least 250,000 smart meters currently installed or planned for installation and 66% of the surveyed water businesses reporting projects underway or starting in the next 12 months.• Key business drivers were easier to quantify and justify on water system economics rather than customer engagement and satisfaction. There appears to be a business case for deployment of smart metering technology, particularly for utilities seeking to avoid costs by lowering operating costs, reducing wholesale bulk water purchases, and/or deferring augmentation of infrastructure.• Some utilities had well-advanced trials or operational rollouts, together with a similarly advanced understanding of the wider benefits of SM and IWN, while others were constrained by a lack of overall understanding and awareness of developing a business case, technology options, applications of data and the wider benefits of smart metering.• Each water utility should know and understand its business drivers and goals. The value of smart metering and the specific business case drivers are highly contextual to location (e.g., opportunities for cost avoidance). The social benefits of customer satisfaction, community acceptance, and improved customer engagement and trust were major ‘social’ drivers.• There is evidence that utilities are gaining an increased awareness of how digital metering and applying analytics of various data sets in near real-time, can benefit utility efficiency and customer service excellence. Aligned with data analytics was a clear focus towards the customer satisfaction (e.g. introducing web portals, leak alerts, two-way communications and customer consultation).• In the last 12 months there has been a doubling in the number of utilities that are pursuing intelligent water networks – the integration of intelligent devices including water meters, pressure sensors, meter data, into all relevant business processes and systems and using this information to guide strategy and investment.• As many respondents commented, there is an important need for an agreed upon and standardized set of definitions relating to smart-metering technology.     

Assessing the public health risk of microbial intrusion events in distribution systems: conceptual model, available data, and challenges

Low and negative pressure events in drinking water distribution systems have the potential to result in intrusion of pathogenic microorganisms if an external source of contamination is present (e.g., nearby leaking sewer main) and there is a pathway for contaminant entry (e.g., leaks in drinking water main). While the public health risk associated with such events is not well understood, quantitative microbial risk assessment can be used to estimate such risk. A conceptual model is provided and the state of knowledge, current assumptions, and challenges associated with the conceptual model parameters are presented. This review provides a characterization of the causes, magnitudes, durations and frequencies of low/negative pressure events; pathways for pathogen entry; pathogen occurrence in external sources of contamination; volumes of water that may enter through the different pathways; fate and transport of pathogens from the pathways of entry to customer taps; pathogen exposure to populations consuming the drinking water; and risk associated with pathogen exposure.     

呼叫中心系统在水务企业中的应用

提出了水务企业建立呼叫中心系统的必要性,通过水务企业客服模式的分析,确定了基于呼叫中心的新客服模式,并从软件功能、体系结构和硬件组成等方面来说明呼叫中心的构成,最后总结了呼叫中心系统在厦门水务应用产生的效益。     

Factors influencing customer satisfaction with water service quality in Chile

Consumers satisfaction with water and service quality are not always in line with monitored water and service quality compliance. Reducing the difference between perceptions and realities requires understanding how perceptions are formed and the factors that affect them. Most studies have researched these factors in developed countries. This study analyzes the factors that explain customer satisfaction with water and service quality and of the service provided by water supply and sanitation providers in Chile, shedding light on the factors that affect customer satisfaction in a developing country context and, also in a situation with stringent water service standards and reliable water supply. A Structural Equation Model was estimated, using an unbalanced pseudo panel with 32,745 observations collected by the Superintendencia de Servicios Sanitarios of Chile. Results indicate that perceived water quality has a strong influence on the perceived health risk.Additionally, customer risk perception mainly depends on organoleptics, which are explained by taste, odour, and clarity. Service quality and price are mainly influenced by the consumer's perception of water quality and the payment system. Furthermore, perceived health risk and service quality negatively impact customer satisfaction with water and service quality. Reducing the difference between perceptions and realities requires an understanding of how perceptions are formed. This research sheds light on these processes.