基于局部放电主成分因子向量的油纸绝缘老化状态统计分析

提出一种新的局部放电模式——脉冲相位分布(17RPD)模式特征参数提取方法,用于油纸绝缘老化阶段的判定。通过对油纸绝缘内部气隙模型的加速老化试验,以及老化过程中局部放电信号的定期采集,采用主成分因子分析方法,从传统的PRPD图谱统计特征参量中提取出一组新的局部放电主成分因子向量。新的主成分因子不仅彼此之间完全独立,而且各自具备清晰的物理意义,并最大程度地概括了PRPD图谱所包含的信息。基于不同老化阶段的主成分因子向量聚类分析表明,它对油纸绝缘的老化状态判别结果可以为绝缘状态诊断提供具有重要参考价值的信息。     

Application of genetic algorithms to pattern recognition of defectsin GIS

A computerized pattern recognition system based on the analysis of phase resolved partial discharge (PRPD) measurements, and utilizing genetic algorithms, is presented. The recognition system was trained to distinguish between basic types of defects appearing in gas-insulated system (GIS), such as voids in spacers, moving metallic particles, protrusions on electrodes, and floating electrodes. The classification of defects is based on 60 measurement parameters extracted from PRPD patterns. Classification of defects appearing in GIS installations is performed using the Bayes classifier combined with genetic algorithms and is compared to the performance of the other classifiers, including minimal-distance, percent score and polynomial classifiers. Tests with a reference database of more than 600 individual measurements collected during laboratory experiments gave satisfactory results of the classification process     

基于聚类–小波神经网络的油纸绝缘气隙放电发展阶段识别方法

基于油纸绝缘气隙放电模型,在实验室搭建了气隙放电及其发展特性研究试验平台;采用恒压法,对其进行局部放电发展特性实验;提取了局部放电最大放电量相位分布、基于油纸绝缘气隙放电模型,在实验室搭建了气隙放电及其发展特性研究试验平台;采用恒压法,对其进行局部放电发展特性实验;提取了局部放电最大放电量相位分布、平均放电量相位分布、放电次数相位分布以及局部放电幅值分布中的29个特征参量,通过核主成分分析,采用系统聚类对放电不同的发展阶段进行划分.建立了基于聚类-小波神经网络的放电发展阶段识别方法,识别结果表明:所建立的识别方法能很好地根据放电有效特征量识别放电所处阶段,与系统聚类分析结果基本吻合     

气体绝缘组合电器多局部放电源的检测与识别

介绍了基于宽带检测的气体绝缘组合电器(gas insulated switchgear,GIS)多局放源检测与识别技术。该技术由脉冲群快速分类和基于最小二乘支持向量机(least square-support vector machine,LS-SVM)的基于相位分布的局部放电谱图(phase resolved partial discharge,PRPD)识别2个主要模块组成。其中脉冲群快速分类模块由基于脉冲波形的时频参数提取和竞争学习网络无监督聚类实现,它将脉冲群分为若干个由相同波形特征脉冲组成的子脉冲群。PRPD放电谱图识别模块对各子脉冲群对应的PRPD谱图进行放电指纹提取,并使用GIS绝缘缺陷特征数据库训练得到的LS-SVM判别函数对各子脉冲群进行识别。仿真和试验结果均验证了该技术的可行性和实用性。     

ODPS平台下的电力设备监测大数据存储与并行处理方法

计算性能是制约电力大数据应用(基于大数据的故障诊断、预测等)的关键问题。利用分布式存储、并行计算加速此类数据密集型应用是目前较有效的手段。尝试利用阿里云开放数据处理服务(ODPS)存储并加速电力设备监测大数据分析过程。以变压器局部放电(PD)数据相位图谱分析(PRPD)为例,提出了适合高采样率、时序性强的局部放电信号数据存储方法。采用ODPS扩展MapReduce模型(MR2)设计了"Map-Reduce-Reduce"方式的PD信号宏观特征提取方法,提出了并行化PRPD分析算法(ODPS-PRPD),实现了大量PD信号的并行基本参数提取、统计特征计算与放电类型识别。在实验室中构造了4种放电模型并采集了大量PD信号,分别在ODPS平台上和实验室自建的Hadoop平台上进行了性能评估和成本分析。实验分析和结果表明,ODPS-PRPD将大量的中间过程数据(PD谱图数据等)一直保存在内存中,相比自建Hadoop MapReduce平台性能明显提升,并在数据可靠性、服务可用性以及成本方面具有明显优势。     

变压器内单一局放PRPD谱图统计参量的主成分分析

设计了4类由变压器油纸绝缘缺陷引起的"单一局放模式"模型:气隙放电模型、针板放电模型、介质表面金属杂质放电模型、油隙放电模型。通过标准化试验方法得到了不同模型局部放电相位分布模式(phase resolved partial discharge,PRPD模式)的二维谱图,并对谱图进行分析得到25个局部放电统计参量。采用主成分分析对统计参量的有效性进行了分析,得到了25个统计参量对不同类型放电信息表达的新特征参量组,以及对不同放电类型识别的贡献率。     

TEV与HFCT法测量开关柜局部放电的特性对比

探究了暂态对地电压(transient earth voltage,TEV)法对于开关柜局部放电现象的检测性能,并与脉冲电流检测的效果进行了对比.研究了二者对于不同类型局部放电的检出能力;分析了2种方法测量下4种局部放电PRPD(phase resolved partial discharge)图谱的相似性与差异;通过...     

环氧绝缘内部气隙局部放电超声信号特性分析

建立了1套超声波法测量局部放电的试验系统,模拟了GIS环氧绝缘子内部扁平气隙放电,采用脉冲电流法和超声法对局部放电进行了测量和相互验证,分析了气隙缺陷的尺寸和施加电压变化对局放信号特性的影响。试验结果表明,超声法和脉冲电流法检测的结果均呈现出相似的、典型的PRPD(局放信号相位分布)谱图,并且由于施加电压增加,超声波信号幅值随着放电量的增大而增大,气隙缺陷的尺寸越大,则产生的初始放电量越大。研究结果为通过超声波法测量研究环氧介质内部放电特性提供了试验依据。     

基于深度学习和多模型融合的局部放电模式识别方法

局部放电与电力设备的绝缘状态息息相关,准确识别局部放电类型对于保障电网运行具有重要意义。文中提出一种基于深度学习和多模型融合的局部放电模式识别方法。首先,设计并搭建开关柜内4类典型局部放电缺陷模型,采集局部放电相位分布(phase resolved partial discharge,PRPD)图谱并建立样本集;其次,搭建基于迁移学习的深度残差网络,对局部放电缺陷进行识别;最后,利用Sugeno模糊积分将深度残差网络(deep residual net￣work,DRN)模型与传统识别模型进行融合。实验结果表明：迁移学习模型相比于无迁移学习模型有着更好的更新能力和泛化性能;融合模型与单一模型相比具有更高的识别准确率。所提方法能够准确识别局部放电缺陷类型,对于电力设备的运维检修具有一定的参考价值。     

Activity of moving metallic particles in prebreakdown state in GIS

The paper presents experimental results of measurements of prebreakdown activity, caused by free metallic particles in GIS, obtained using a phase resolved partial discharge (PRPD) analysis and acoustical measurements. The numerous parameters characterizing prebreakdown activity of particles were identified and analyzed. These included phase resolved distribution of charge, maximum charge, average charge per period, or per pulse, a balance of charge in positive and negative half-wave of voltage, pulse rate (number of pulses per period) for electrical and acoustic methods. The measurements were conducted in a compartment of real GIS, and Al as well as Cu particles of different shapes were investigated. The pressure varied from 150 to 550 kPa, however most measurements were taken at 450 kPa. A discharge model which takes into account the effect of a free metallic particle in GIS is presented     

基于t-SNE与CFSFDP算法的多源局部放电脉冲分类技术

为解决在进行多源局部放电脉冲分类时因等效时频特征分布重叠而导致的脉冲无法有效分离的问题,提出一种基于t-SNE与CFSFDP算法的局部放电脉冲分类技术.该技术首先通过一种相位同步装置同时采集放电脉冲信号与其对应的相位信息,以单一放电脉冲的时频谱图作为对象,通过t-SNE算法对频谱数据进行降维,再对降维结果进行CFSFD...     

热机联合应力对油浸纸板绝缘及机械特性影响研究

油纸绝缘系统在热、机械等应力共同作用下所发生的绝缘老化与破坏是电力变压器发生故障的主要原因之一。本文对热机联合应力对油纸绝缘的影响开展了实验研究。对油浸纸板进行不同时间的热老化后施加不同形式的机械应力，测量纸板产生的应变，分析了不同条件对油浸纸板的耐压时间、局部放电相位分布（Phase resolved partial discharge, PRPD）谱图、平均放电量等局放特征的影响。对未经老化的油浸纸板，机械应力加载时间越长、应力幅值越高或者应力频率越低，油浸纸板受到的破坏作用越严重，机械性能和绝缘性能越差。油浸纸板经过热老化处理后，机械应力对其绝缘性能和机械性能的影响趋势与未老化时类似，但热老化后PRPD谱图形态多呈现“兔耳状”。随着热老化时间的增加，纸板的绝缘寿命先有所上升，然后一直下降。本文的研究结果可为热机联合应力下油浸纸板老化模型建立提供试验依据。     

Measurement and simulation of PD in epoxy voids

Experimental data are presented of the development of PD activity in artificial air-filled spherical voids in epoxy resin over a period of ~6 months. The data are presented in the form of phase averaged plots of the charge distribution over the time (aging plots) and phase resolved histograms (PRPD patterns) at various aging states. They are interpreted by comparison to numerical simulations which are based on a physical discharge model. This provides insight into the physical changes in the void during aging. The simulation is the basis for a physically meaningful interpretation of the PD data. It provides rules for the identification of the defect type, the defect quantification, and an assessment of the aging stage     

温度对电缆附件界面缺陷处局放引发影响机制研究

温度对局部放电(partial discharge,PD)的发展过程有着重要的影响,但温度对PD的引发机制目前尚不明确。针对温度变化对电缆附件界面缺陷处PD引发机制进行研究。首先,对电缆附件界面单元与缺陷位置进行设计与仿真,并对界面单元不同温度下气隙缺陷PD特征进行测量。然后,搭建含有半导电层突起缺陷的电缆电热老化平台,通过电流通断模拟冷热负荷对电缆运行温度的影响。对界面单元和缺陷附件的局部放电起始电压（partial discharge inception voltage,PDIV）和PD相位谱图（phase resolved partial discharge,PRPD）进行对比分析,结果表明：随着测试温度的升高,界面单元的PDIV从8.3 kV降至6.9 kV,局部放电量有大幅提升,PRPD图显示出明显的内部放电特征。真实电缆附件缺陷处PD则会在温度快速上升时出现短暂的活跃,此时局部放电量与局部放电数都会出现明显增加,温度稳定后PD逐渐被抑制。上述现象主要与温度变化导致的界面处空间电荷分布和界面材料热胀冷缩所带来的“呼吸效应”有关,研究结果表明：真实电缆附件在大温度梯度下进行局放测试可提高局放检出率,为解决传统测试对局放检出可靠性不足提供了理论依据。     

PD recognition with knowledge-based preprocessing and neuralnetworks

Partial discharge (PD) patterns are an important tool for the diagnosis of HV insulation systems. Human experts can discover possible insulation defects in various representations of the PD data. One of the most widely used representations is phase-resolved PD (PRPD) patterns. We present a method for the automated recognition of PRPD patterns using a neural network (NN) for the actual classification task. At the core of our method lies a preprocessing scheme that extracts relevant features from the raw PRPD data in a knowledge-based way, i.e. according to physical properties of PD gained from PD modeling. This allows a very small NN to be used for classification. In addition to the classification of single-type patterns (one defect) we present a method to separate superimposed patterns stemming from multiple defects. High recognition rates are achieved with a large number of single patterns generated by stochastic PD simulations. Our network architecture compares favorably with a more traditional network architecture used previously for PRPD classification. These results are confirmed by classification of patterns measured in laboratory experiments and power stations     

基于TEV法的电缆终端局部放电状态监测装置的研制

研制了一种基于TEV (暂态对地电压)法的电缆终端局部放电（PD）状态监测装置。基于TEV法原理建立了电缆终端PD传播的波阻抗模型;在此基础上研制了一种用于PD检测的新型贴片式传感器,对其设计方法和响应特性进行了分析,并且提出了一种电缆终端远程无线监测方案并试制了一套装置样机,装置采用PRPD（局部放电相位分析）技术完成PD的统计分析与识别。通过现场实测数据表明,该装置的设计原理和检测效果能够满足电缆终端状态监测的需要。     

油浸绝缘纸损伤与局部放电相位分布模式演化的关系

文章对油浸绝缘纸损伤过程中的表面形貌、表面粗糙度、表面电导率和气隙气体与局部放电相位分布(PRPD)模式演化的关系进行了研究。根据PRPD模式变化将放电损伤过程划分为五个阶段,利用显微镜、扫描电镜、原子力显微镜、高阻仪和气体测量装置,对比分析了每一阶段的表面损伤情况及气隙气体变化。研究结果表明:五个损伤阶段中,电负性气体含量交替下降上升,气隙内的主要放电形式在亚辉光(或辉光)放电和脉冲放电之间交替转换;亚辉光放电的PRPD模式主要由生成的弱电负性气体自身性质决定;脉冲放电的PRPD模式主要由表面损伤决定;脉冲放电的PRPD模式均拥有不同程度的"兔耳"特征和周期特征,"兔耳"特征强弱主要由表面电导率决定,周期特征强弱主要由表面陷阱密度决定;表面粗糙度不改变PRPD模式形状,但随着其值下降放电量呈上升趋势。     

Discharge characteristic investigation on surface discharge initiated by metallic particles attached to gas‐insulated substation insulator

The ultrahigh frequency (UHF) method is used for detecting the three kinds of surface discharges started by metallic particles on the spacer insulators in gas‐insulated switchgear (GIS). Three different designs of the same surface defect are applied to ensure the consistency of the results. The present experiments are made on a 220‐kV GIS, which is close to the actual situations to study the surface discharge characteristic. A measuring system for this purpose consists of an oscilloscope connected to UHF sensors. Partial discharge (PD) data was captured by UHF detection using an oscilloscope and stored as phase‐resolved pulse sequence (PRPS) data. Since PRPS data contain the complete information of the PD, PRPS analysis (PRPSA) pattern and three‐dimensional ϕ − q − n (3D PRPD) pattern can be calculated from the recorded PRPS datasets. The PRPSA data also allows us to obtain the actual test voltage (rms) of every cycle, the number of measuring cycles, and phase information of all PD pulses, together with their peak values, so that a statistical analysis of these data can be discussed. Besides, this paper also focuses on the frequency analysis and time–frequency analysis of the single‐pulse time‐domain signal. It is shown that the characteristic parameters obtained from the PRPS data, frequency spectrum, and time–frequency spectrum have the potential to be used as PD characteristic interpretation and further research on PD pattern identification. © 2015 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

交流局部放电宽带检测与分析仪的研制

笔者系统地介绍了基于Measurement Studio软件平台研制的一种新型交流局部放电宽带检测与分析仪.其主要包括利用NI5112高速示波采集卡和前置信号处理单元实现的采样率为100 MS/s、模拟宽带为10 kHz～40 MHz的局部放电脉冲宽带检测技术,和基于脉冲波形时频特征的脉冲群实用快速分类技术以及基于PR...