磁控溅射ZrN薄膜厚度对其色度的影响

采用中频非平衡磁控溅射技术在镜面不锈钢板上制备了ZrN薄膜,通过改变镀膜时间控制ZrN薄膜的厚度。用色差仪测定了不同厚度ZrN薄膜的L*,a*和b*值,绘制出不同厚度ZrN薄膜的L*,a*和b*值的变化曲线图,得出膜层厚度对薄膜色度的影响规律:膜层厚度低于63.7nm时,随着膜层厚度的增加,L*和a*值无变化,b*值呈线性递增,且颜色逐渐趋于金黄色;膜层厚度高于63.7nm时,随着膜层厚度的增加,薄膜颜色坐标未有明显变化,颜色为稳定的金黄色。     

白色开金的色度参数和白色分级

评述了合金元素对Au的漂白效果和机制,介绍了白色开金的几种色度参数,如CIE-L a*b*色度参数和颜色盒,CIE-LAB-C-H-L米制色度参数和基于CIE-XYZ色度参数的ASTM D1925黄色指数YI,讨论了某些白色开金的色度参数与冶金学特征。基于金合金的漂白效应与合金成分的密切关系,ASTM D1925黄色指数YI为设计白色开金成分提供了基本的指南。     

热处理工艺对无铅黄铜腐蚀行为的影响

通过向Cu-Zn二元合金中添加高锌当量的铝、镁、硅元素,采用普通铸造法制备了以β相为基体的无铅黄铜,并对其进行670℃×3h固溶,油淬后进行270℃×2h时效,考察了所制备合金在热处理前后的腐蚀行为。结果表明,热处理态的无铅黄铜腐蚀电流密度与脱锌腐蚀速率减小,24h后的脱锌腐蚀层厚度仅为118μm,耐腐蚀性能良好。     

介绍一种用于轧机滑块的铝铁锰黄铜

铝黄铜为特殊黄铜中强度最高的合金,不仅强度、硬度较高,耐磨性较好,且具有适中的塑性和较好的耐腐蚀性。铝黄铜适于作承受高负荷的磨擦件。 铝黄铜的铝含量对合金组织有很大影响。铝的锌当量为6,铝的加入使Cu-Zn二元相图向左移,因此铝有强烈促使γ相析出的作用。含铝量较高的铝黄铜,其冷却速度对铸态组织影响较大。例如ZHAl66-6-3-2合金,冷却快时,来不及进行β→α+γ反     

铝表面磁控溅射沉积ZrN薄膜色度的研究

使用磁控溅射技术,在铝外表沉积Zr N薄膜,研究了磁控溅射时间和氮气流量对Zr N薄膜色度的影响。结果表明:随着磁控溅射时间的增长,薄膜的亮度L在减少,b*值(黄蓝值)在3 min时出现了最大值,说明镀膜时间在3min时最接近黄色,a*值(红绿值)波动比较大。对比仿金膜的L、a*、b*值(CIE1976 L、a*、b*系统已为世界各国正式采纳,作为国际通用的测色标准,它适用于一切光源或物体色的表示与计算),在3 min左右时,薄膜颜色最接近金黄色;而氮气流量在13~18 sccm内,薄膜颜色呈金黄色。因此对于铝的溅射参数为:溅射时间3 min,氮气流量15 sccm。     

稀土铝合金Miedema模型计算中的参数φ*

研究修改计算式中电负性参数φ*,考虑合金化过程中不同元胞边界上电子化学势差会对合金形成能产生负的贡献,提出Miedema模型中参数φ*的计算表达式.结果表明:参数φ*的计算值与功函数值比较接近,与功函数值相比,其最大相对误差在12.0%以内,平均误差低于5.0%,计算得到的稀土铝合金系统混合焓与实验值更接近.     

新型易切削黄铜探究

以Cu-Zn合金为基础系,添加其它微量元素,通过正交实验优化成分设计,研制一种新型的无铅易切削黄铜,并进行金相分析、X射线衍射、切削性能分析.结果表明,在Cu-Zn合金系中加入微量的硅、磷、铝和镧,能够在以β相为基体的组织中形成脆硬的γ相,正是这些γ相均匀的分布在合金组织中,使合金不仅具有良好的力学性能,而且在切削过程中起到了切削时断屑的作用.     

浸渗掺杂技术制备彩色氧化锆陶瓷

采用液相前驱体浸渗法掺杂技术,在Zr O_2坯体引入有色离子,通过扩散溶入基体,制备了颜色纯正、掺杂均匀的黑、蓝、粉、绿色氧化锆陶瓷。XRD分析表明,样品的主晶相为氧化锆四方相。采用CIE L*a*b*系统研究了样品的色度,确定4种颜色样品具有相应的色度。SEM分析表明晶粒粒度均匀,无明显缺陷。力学性能表明几种彩色陶瓷具有较高的强度和韧性。     

Cu-Zn合金铸件的色泽特性

研究了Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ合金铸件的色泽特性与Ｚｎ质量分数变化的规律,并与三种Ｋ金（２４Ｋ,１８Ｋ和１４Ｋ）的色度参数进行了比较。结果表明,随Ｚｎ质量分数的增加,合金表面色中的红色成分先减少然后增加,而黄色成分和明度值先增加然后减少;合金的表面色泽由铜色向金黄色、黄色、绿黄、黄、金黄色变化。通过调整Ｚｎ质量分数,可获得色泽接近１８Ｋ和１４Ｋ金表面色的合金,但不能获得色泽接近２４Ｋ金表面色的合金。     

无氰碱性电镀工艺对黄铜微观结构的影响

在碱性条件下,以硫酸盐为基础溶液,酒石酸钾钠和柠檬酸钠为络合剂,在A3钢表面电镀黄铜合金薄膜。用XRD研究在不同温度、不同电流密度条件下及加入添加剂γ-APS的黄铜合金镀层的微观结构。用SEM和EDS研究在不同电镀时间下黄铜合金镀层的表面形貌和组成。结果表明,电流密度对镀层微观结构影响最为明显,在最佳电镀工艺条件温度为35℃,电镀时间8 min,电流密度为15 mA/cm2时电镀出的Cu-Zn黄铜合金,镀层结晶晶粒均匀,镀层中Cu：Zn质量比为64：36。加入添加剂-γAPS后得到的黄铜合金镀层结晶晶粒更加均匀致密且呈现金黄色。     

Relationship between color and composition of Cu-Mn-Zn alloys

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Effects of Cu addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-6Zn magnesium alloy

The application of Mg-Zn binary alloys is restricted due to their developed dendritic microstructure and poor mechanical properties. In this study, an alloying method was used to improve the mechanical properties of Mg-Zn alloy. The Mg-6Zn magnesium alloys microalloyed with varying Cu content(0, 0.8, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5wt.%) were fabricated by permanent mould casting, and the effects of Cu content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-6Zn alloys were studied using OM, SEM, XRD and tensile tests at room temperature. The obtained results show that the addition of Cu not only can refine the grains effectively, but also can modify the eutectic morphology and improve the mechanical properties of the alloys. The main phases of the studied alloys include α-Mg, MgZn_2, Mg_2Cu and CuMgZn. When the content of Cu exceeds 0.8wt.%, Mg_2Cu phase appears. Meanwhile, the eutectic morphology is modified into dendritic shape or lamellar structure, which has an adverse effect on the tensile properties. Furthermore, among the investigated alloys, the alloy containing 0.8% Cu shows an optimalultimate tensile strength of 196 MPa, while the alloy with 1.5wt.% Cu obtains an excellent elongation of 7.22%. The experimental alloys under different Cu contents show distinguishing fracture behaviors: the fracture of the alloy with 0.8wt.% Cu reveals a mixed mode of inter-granular and quasi-cleavage, while in other investigated alloys, the fracture behaviors are dominated by cleavage fracture.     

钛铸件表面离子氮化/涂层复合处理及其性能研究

为提高口腔医学领域用纯钛铸件的表面性能,改善其美观效果,用辉光等离子氮化、脉冲电弧离子镀涂层复合处理纯钛铸件,使用扫描电镜、接触角测量系统及X射线衍射分析仪评价其表面性能及晶相结构组成,再用分光测色计分析其色彩学特征。结果表明,纯钛铸件等离子氮化、镀氮化钛涂层复合处理后表面形成均匀稳定的TiN复合梯度涂层;人工唾液在复合处理试件表面的接触角(60.29±2.00)°明显小于纯钛(73.12±3.29)°;颜色均匀美观,在CIE表色系中L*:61.22±0.455、a*:1.84±0.055、b*:25.66±0.219,呈金黄色,表面晶相结构以耐磨性较好的TiN、Ti2N为主。     

COLOR CHARACTERISTICS OF BINARY COPPER-BASE ALLOYS

The effect of Al, Zn, Sn, Mn, Si and Ni on the color characteristics of binary copper-base alloys has been researched systematically and quantitatively. The results show that all alloying elements decrease the red content of an alloy at different levels but have different effects on the yellow color. Al and Zn enhance the yellow content of an alloy, whereas Sn, Mn, Si and Ni decrease the yellow content. When the alloys with different karat gold colors are imitated, Al and Zn are the most important color mixing elements and Sn, Mn, Si and Ni can be used as auxiliary.     

Cu含量对Zn20Sn无铅钎料腐蚀性能影响

采用合金化原理,在Zn20Sn钎料基体中添加不同含量铜,形成新型合金Zn20SnxCu,研究铜含量对Zn20SnxCu无铅钎料腐蚀性能影响. 结果表明,当铜添加量小于4%时,随着铜添加量的增加,Zn20SnxCu钎料合金的腐蚀电位逐渐升高,腐蚀速率逐渐降低,合金耐腐蚀性逐渐增强;当铜添加量大于4%时,随着铜添加量的增加,Zn20SnxCu钎料合金的腐蚀电位逐渐降低,腐蚀速率增加,耐腐蚀性下降. Zn20SnxCu腐蚀表面主要产物为Zn₅(OH)₈Cl₂·H₂O和ZnO. 从Zn20SnxCu腐蚀性能考虑,铜最佳添加量为4%.     

Studies on electrochemical deposition of novel Zn–Mn–Ni ternary alloys from an ionic liquid based on choline chloride

Ternary Zn–Mn–Ni alloy coatings were electrodeposited for the first time from a choline chloride based ionic liquid with the aim of collecting properties of binary Zn–Mn and Zn–Ni alloys into one alloy system. The effect of electrodeposition potential on the composition and corrosion performance of the obtained ternary Zn–Mn–Ni deposits was investigated and contrasted with the characteristics of Zn–Mn and Zn–Ni deposits. Cyclic voltammetry revealed that the deposition of ternary Zn–Mn–Ni alloys behaved differently from the deposition of binary Zn–Mn and Zn–Sn alloys and that Mn deposition takes place at positive potentials in the Zn–Mn–Ni electrolyte than in the Zn–Mn electrolyte due to the presence of Ni²⁺ ions in the electrolyte. X-ray diffraction studies showed that the Zn–Mn–Ni ternary alloys consist of a lattice of Zn (with Mn and Ni imbedded inside) at low electrodeposition potentials and MnZn(with Ni imbedded inside) phase at high electrodeposition potentials. Chemical composition analysis show that the Mn content in the ternary Zn–Mn–Ni alloy increased with increase in electrodeposition potential, whereas Zn and Ni contents are suppressed. The corrosion tests results indicate that through addition of Ni into the Zn–Mn binary alloy, the Zn–Mn–Ni alloy tailored are more corrosion resistant than the Zn–Mn binary alloy whilst the passivation behavior is still preserved.     

Cu含量和Sc添加对高锌Al−Zn−Mg−Cu合金淬火敏感性和显微组织的影响

根据7085合金成分,调整7xxx铝合金中Zn、Cu和Sc的含量;研究Zn、Cu含量及Sc添加对7xxx铝合金显微组织、硬度和淬火敏感性的影响。在距淬火端3 mm处,高Zn和Sc添加合金的硬度值高于7085合金的。在距淬火端120 mm处,η和T相的密度随Zn和Cu含量的增加而增加,Sc添加导致形成Y相和更多的η相。与7085合金相比,高Zn高Cu和Sc添加合金具有更高的淬火敏感性。增加Zn含量并降低Cu含量可在提高7085合金硬度的同时降低其淬火敏感性。     

Ternary Zn–Mn–Sn alloy electrodeposition from an ionic liquid based on choline chloride

Zinc–manganese–tin (Zn–Mn–Sn) ternary alloys have been successfully prepared, for the first time, by electrochemical deposition from a choline chloride-based ionic liquid. The influence of electrolyte composition and electrodeposition potential on the ternary Zn–Mn–Sn alloy surface morphology, composition and corrosion resistance were investigated and contrasted with the characteristics of binary Zn–Mn and Zn–Sn electrodeposits. It was found that the composition of the plating bath and deposition potential have a significant influence on the alloy content, morphology and corrosion properties of the Zn–Mn–Sn alloys. The content of Sn in the ternary alloy increased with a decrease in electrodeposition potential and an increase in concentration of Sn²⁺ in the electrolyte. The corrosion studies showed that the Zn–Mn–Sn alloys have a synergistic property combining the barrier behaviour afforded by Sn and the strong passive behaviour of Mn, while the sacrificial characteristics are still preserved.