冻干乳酸双歧杆菌微胶囊的制备及存活性能研究

为了提高双歧杆菌在贮存和消费过程中的菌体存活率,利用冷冻干燥与微囊化结合的方法,将双歧杆菌和高效活菌保护剂一起作为核心物质,采用乳化法制备双歧杆菌微胶囊。通过正交试验,对双歧杆菌冻干过程中加入的保护剂种类及其最佳配比进行了研究。并探讨了双歧杆菌在模拟胃肠道环境以及高渗透压等极端环境条件下的存活能力。结果表明：加入10%菊糖、6%大豆蛋白、12%海藻糖、10%甘露醇可显著提高微囊化双歧杆菌冻干活菌数,使其存活率达到69.2%。较之冻干菌粉,双歧杆菌微囊在模拟胃液、肠液、高胆汁盐以及高渗透压溶液中均具有较好的耐受性。     

抗冻多肽对嗜热链球菌冷冻干燥的保护作用

目的:研究抗冻多肽对嗜热链球菌冷冻干燥的保护作用并探讨其机理。方法:应用OD快速检测法检测冷冻干燥后的嗜热链球菌存活率,将不同浓度的抗冻多肽溶液添加到嗜热链球菌菌泥中,冷冻干燥后检测其存活率。结果:抗冻多肽能够降低嗜热链球菌冷冻干燥损伤,通过比较冻干菌粉中乳酸菌存活率得到抗冻多肽最佳添加质量浓度为1 mg/mL,最适pH 8.0,此时添加抗冻多肽的样品组存活率显著高于空白组和阳性对照组。在扫描电镜下观察嗜热链球菌冻干菌粉,添加抗冻多肽的菌体细胞饱满、完整,空白组则出现皱缩和塌陷,表明抗冻多肽对菌体细胞有保护作用。     

提高乳杆菌属冷冻干燥存活率研究进展

乳杆菌是目前开发研究较为深入的一类重要的益生菌，是人类肠道中重要的生理菌，在食品应用方面有广阔的市场空间。通过冷冻干燥技术得到高存活率的乳杆菌菌粉是目前研究的热点。冷冻干燥过程中低温、渗透压等不利条件会对乳杆菌造成损伤，使得冻干后的乳杆菌菌粉存活率下降，有效活菌数减少。文章按照乳杆菌菌粉生产工艺流程，从乳杆菌生长培养基优化、胁迫预处理、冷冻保护剂的添加、预冷冻条件优化4个方面对目前关于提高乳杆菌冷冻干燥存活率的研究进行综述。     

微生菌制剂的制备研究

研究了嗜热链球菌、双歧杆菌和植物乳杆菌在冷冻干燥条件下,保护剂对细胞冻干存活率和冻干发酵剂活菌含量的影响,得出最高活菌含量,嗜热链球菌为1.2×109个/g,双歧杆菌为8.4×108个/g,植物乳杆菌为1.4×109个/g.采用最适保护剂制成的试验菌株冻干发酵剂在42℃乳中发酵10h,发现其细胞生长曲线、产酸曲线及pH值下降曲线与冻干前对照发酵剂相比,均无明显变化.在贮藏试验的研究中,发现4℃以下贮存,存活率较高,混合菌的贮存期明显高于单一菌.在人工胃液中的存活率,混合菌也明显好于单一菌.     

双歧杆菌微生态制剂保藏技术研究现状

基于双歧杆菌的生理特性并结合目前国内外最新研究成果 ,论述了冷藏、冷冻保藏、真空冷冻干燥法和和固定化细胞微胶囊等技术在延长双歧杆菌活菌保藏期中的研究进展 ,对双歧杆菌活菌保藏期技术的未来作了展望。     

冷休克处理提高嗜酸乳杆菌的冻干存活率

冷冻干燥法为制备直投式发酵剂常用的方法,然而,在冻干过程中,菌的存活率会降低而影响发酵剂的活性。为提高嗜酸乳杆菌冷冻干燥后的存活率,本试验通过单因素和响应面试验对冷冻干燥前的嗜酸乳杆菌进行冷休克处理条件优化。结果表明:最佳冷休克处理条件是:在37℃培养10 h时收集嗜酸乳杆菌,8℃冷休克处理15 h,再结合复合冻干保护剂,使其冷冻干燥后的存活率提高至96.64%;比未冷休克、添加冻干保护剂的P2组(78.99%)高17.65%,比未冷休克、未添加冻干保护剂的P4组(21.42%)高75.22%。这说明冷冻干燥前对乳酸菌进行冷休克处理是提高其抗冻干胁迫能力的一种有效新途径。     

双歧杆菌冻干菌粉制备过程中保护剂的研究

对双歧杆菌真空冷冻干燥过程中使用的各种保护剂进行了研究,在各种保护剂中筛选出4种效果比较好的类型,配合成复合保护剂,在很大程度上提高了双歧杆菌在冻干过程中的活菌存活率,达到71.11%的存活率。最后还进行了常温和低温保存实验。     

动物双歧杆菌冻干保护剂配方优化及酸对菌粉存活率的影响

目的 筛选动物双歧杆菌冻干菌粉保护剂,优化冻干保护剂配方,探究菌悬液制备过程中有机酸积累对菌粉存活率的影响。方法 以菌粉中动物双歧杆菌存活率为指标,通过发酵培养、离心收集菌泥、制备菌悬液、预冻和冷冻干燥的菌粉制备工艺,通过单因素实验和正交实验优化冻干保护剂。根据单因素实验探究冻干前菌悬液制备条件和最适pH。结果 最佳保护剂组合为5.00%麦芽糊精、6.00%海藻糖、0.15%抗坏血酸、1.50%谷氨酸钠、1.00%甘油。通过对菌悬液制备过程中菌粉活菌数的研究确定菌悬液制备和冻干条件,菌悬液pH 6.5,无菌水洗涤2次菌, 4℃菌悬液融合30 min,在-80℃预冻2 h,-40℃下干燥24 h,获得的冻干菌粉活菌数为1.38×10¹² CFU/g,菌粉最高存活率可达98.60%。结论 本研究优化后的保护剂组合可以制备高活性动物双歧杆菌菌粉,提高经济效益。     

高密度发酵乳酸菌抗冻性影响因素分析

随着微生态制剂的快速发展,乳酸菌作为一类益生菌,其益生功效越来越受到人们的重视。目前冷冻干燥制备得到乳酸菌菌粉是其制备工艺中的主要环节之一。但冻干过程无可避免会对其菌体造成不同程度的损伤,从而影响冻干粉活菌数,其乳酸菌高密度发酵工艺也会对其冻干粉活菌数产生影响。分析高密度乳酸菌发酵工艺及冻干工艺对乳酸菌抗冻性的影响。通过对这些相关影响因素的综合分析,为提高乳酸菌的抗冻性,进而提高其冻干粉活菌数水平提供新的思路。     

冷冻干燥影响乳酸菌发酵活力机制的研究进展

乳酸菌是食品中常用的发酵菌株或益生菌,常以冻干粉的形式应用于工业生产。冻干过程中的脱水及低温等条件对乳酸菌形成胁迫,造成菌株活力下降甚至死亡。冻干粉中菌株活菌数或发酵活力是乳酸菌冻干粉的重要指标。目前大部分研究集中在解析菌株抗冻干机制以及提高菌体冻干存活率等技术,本文围绕乳酸菌发酵活力指标,综述了冷冻干燥过程中影响发酵活力的因素,阐述了细胞膜流动性、通透性和细胞膜损伤异质性等对乳酸菌发酵活力的作用及机制,为进一步阐明冷冻干燥影响乳酸菌发酵活力的途径,开发提高乳酸菌冻干粉发酵活力的技术提供依据。     

响应面法优化青椒微波-真空冷冻联合干燥工艺及品质分析

该研究采用微波-真空冷冻联合干燥方式对青椒进行干制,研究微波功率、中间转换点含水率及真空冷冻干燥时间对青椒干燥产品维生素C含量、感官评分、复水比及a*的影响。通过单因素试验和响应面试验优化微波-真空冷冻联合干燥工艺,并对青椒联合干燥产品的营养成分、风味进行了比较分析。最后研究了微波-真空冷冻联合干燥、微波干燥、真空冷冻干燥对青椒干燥品质的影响。结果表明,联合干燥的最佳工艺条件为微波功率381.17 W,中间转换点含水率61.81%,真空冷冻干燥时间12.04 h。3种青椒联合干燥产品在营养成分和风味上分别具有一定差异性。微波-真空冷冻联合干燥和真空冷冻干燥的青椒产品在质构、青椒组织微观结构、部分理化指标方面均优于微波干燥的青椒产品。     

冷冻速率对固态食品物料冻干特性的影响

用鲜活虾作实验物料,研究了3种冷冻速率对水分升华速率的影响。结果表明,当物料通过最大冰晶生长带的时间小于5min时,水蒸气在物料内部的扩散阻力明显增加,在冻干过程中表层以下的物料温升较快,并出现融化,降低冷冻速率,冻干可顺利完成。     

Plaice Skin Collagen Extraction and Functional Properties

Solutions and mechanical treatments for decolorizing and washing of collagen from plaice (Pleuronectes plutessa) skin were studied. The best means was high-speed homogenization with 0.4M NaCl. Four ways of stabilizing this collagen were tried, involving freezing and freeze-drying, and partial solubilization with 0.05M acetic acid prior to freezing or freeze drying or without partial solubilization. Only freeze-drying caused reduction in solubility and emulsifying capacity. Viscosity was greatest when samples were pre-solubilized. Emulsifying capacity was not changed when samples were frozen and decreased when they were either freeze-dried or presolubilized. Optimum water-holding capacity occurred in samples which had been previously solubilized.     

Some chemical and histological changes in dehydrated apple

The effects of several dehydration processes on chemical compounds which may contribute to apple flavours and histological changes were investigated. It was shown that the effects on chemical compounds and histological changes were minimal by freeze dehydration as compared with other dehydration processes studied. Cryogenic freezing and osmotic dehydration treatments prior to freeze dehydration prevented cellular damage during the freezing step and had little adverse effect on the tissue of freeze dehydrated apple slices.     

不同工艺真空冷冻干燥桂花的品质比较分析

为获得较高品质的干燥桂花,本实验采用电阻法测定桂花的共晶点和共熔点,分析了物料厚度、预冻温度和时间、隔板升温程序等因素对桂花冻干效率的影响,并比较不同工艺真空冷冻干燥和烘干桂花的复水比、活性成分和微观结构等指标进行品质分析。结果表明:桂花的共晶点为-19℃,共熔点为-17℃;预冻温度-25℃,2.5 h可达到真空冷冻干燥的预冻要求;物料厚度和升温程序是影响干燥效率的重要因素;真空冷冻干燥桂花的组织形态较好,复水比为4.16~4.56 g/g,总黄酮含量为35.90~38.42 mg/g·DW,香气活性物质含量均显著高于烘干桂花;不同真空冷冻干燥工艺对桂花中活性成分含量的影响差异不大;快速升温的真空冷冻干燥桂花的复水比为4.16 g/g,显著高于烘干桂花2.98 g/g,但是显著低于慢速升温;微观结构分析发现,越慢的升温程序,花瓣表面越平整。采用-10℃1 h,5℃1 h,20℃1 h,35℃若干小时的升温程序,基本可以获得较高品质的干燥桂花。本研究为桂花的储藏保鲜及高品质干桂花的生产利用奠定了基础。     

改善速冻水饺、汤圆抗冻性的研究

研究了磷酸酯化淀粉对速冻水饺、汤圆抗冻性的影响,结果表明：磷酸酯化淀粉Hc能显著改善水饺、汤圆的抗冻裂性,其最适用量均为5%.     

Impact of pulsed electric fields on physical properties of freeze-dried apple tissue

The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of pulsed electric field (PEF) pre-treatment of apple tissue on kinetics of freeze-drying preceded by vacuum freezing and physical properties of such processed material. PEF intensified freeze-drying kinetics and thus reduced processing time by 57% in comparison to untreated apples slices. Furthermore, the effective water diffusion coefficient increased by 44% as a result of PEF application. Water activity changes during storage of freeze-dried apple tissue were more evident in the case of untreated material albeit initial water activity was higher in the case of electroporated samples. As proved by thermal properties measurements these differences were linked to higher crystallinity of the PEF treated samples (35.5%) in comparison to the untreated material (11.0%). The freeze-dried fruits subjected to PEF pretreatment absorbed more water than the untreated samples while no changes were observed for hygroscopicity and loss of the soluble solids during rehydration.Industrial relevanceObtained results confirm that application of pulsed electric field before freeze-drying makes possible to obtain high quality freeze-dried product preceded by vacuum freezing performed inside freeze-dryer which could reduce freeze-drying time. Since the rehydration capacity of PEF treated material, expressed as ability to absorb water, is better than untreated samples the application of this method could be beneficial when designing instant products. Performed research indicates also that PEF treated freeze-dried apples exhibit better stability expressed by water activity which in turn is related to crystallinity. What more, higher crystallinity of PEF pre-treated freeze-dried samples not only complements the explanation of different physical properties in comparison with intact freeze-dried material but also suggest that sensorial properties may vary.     

超声辅助渗透处理对冷冻干燥双孢蘑菇冻干效率和品质的影响

为了在生产高品质冷冻干燥产品的同时进一步降低干燥过程中的能耗与成本,选取双孢蘑菇为研究对象,以冷冻和冷冻干燥过程中双孢蘑菇的共晶点、共熔点、冻干温度及冻干产品的质构、微观结构、色泽和营养品质为考察指标,研究普通渗透和超声辅助渗透处理对冷冻干燥双孢蘑菇冻干效率和品质的影响。结果表明,与新鲜样品相比,经超声辅助渗透处理45 min后,样品冷冻时间和冷冻干燥时间分别缩短了21.24%和28.62%,并且其冻干产品的可滴定酸、总蛋白质以及多酚等营养物质的保留率高于普通渗透120 min处理组。此外,与普通渗透120 min处理组相比,超声辅助渗透45 min处理组冻干样品复水比、硬度更高,其微观结构更加接近于未经渗透处理的冻干样品。     

海蛎子冻干工艺的试验研究及探讨

通过海蛎子冻干工艺过程的试验研究 ,得到了海蛎子的共晶点温度并确定了海蛎子冷冻干燥的最佳操作条件 ,对其冷冻干燥工业化生产具有一定的指导意义。探讨了冻结速率、系统压力、加热温度及物料厚度对冻干速率的影响 ;加热温度不仅影响产品的品质 ,还影响冻干时间。物料厚度、冻结速率对冻干时间的影响较大。     

Effect of pretreatments and freezing rate on the firmness of potato tissue after a freeze–thaw cycle

The texture of potato tissue after a freeze–thaw process using different freezing rates and different pretreatments was analysed, in order to select the best strategy for optimum preservation of the textural characteristics of pre‐frozen potato. Ten blanching conditions were tested and a two‐step blanching process with calcium chloride (0.07 g mL^?1) proved the most effective in protecting the tissue after a freeze–thaw process (maximum load force around 10–55% of the raw tissue, depending on potato batch, for air‐blast freezing and 20–60% for immersion freezing). Vacuum impregnation at 100 and 400 mbar, even when followed by different pre‐drying treatments to remove excess water, was very detrimental to resistance to a freeze–thaw process (maximum load force below 10% of the raw tissue for air‐blast freezing and below 20% for immersion freezing). Microstructure analysis confirmed better tissue integrity retention with ethyleneglycol immersion freezing instead of air‐freezing. Differences were found between batches with a 6‐month difference in storage time, indicating that the fresher batch was more suitable for freezing.