空时编码在电力线载波通信中的应用

空时编码是一种用于多发射天线的编码技术.该编码在多根发射天线和各个时间周期的发射信号之间能够产生空间域和时间域的相关性,从而使接收端克服多输入多输出(MIMO)信道衰落问题,并降低了发射误码率.由于电力线信道的特殊性,其衰落特性类似于多天线无线信道.基于正交频分复用(OFDM)技术,利用三相电力线MIMO技术实现了空时编码在电力线载波通信中的应用以及最大分集增益,较好地降低了误码率.     

基于传输信道状态信息的四发射天线空时分组码

空时分组码是一种可在瑞利衰落信道中使用多天线传输信息的新方法.该文研究了一种在发射端已知信道状态信息条件下的四个发射天线、全分集、全速率编码方案.此方案利用了传输重量,可得到正交空时编码,且在接收端使用最大比例组合得到各输出支路的极小距离判决译码,它能取得与最大似然译码同样的性能,且译码复杂度大为降低.     

基于拉普拉斯分布天线阵列下MIMO性能研究

多天线系统是可以克服多径干扰的影响并增加频谱使用效率的系统.MIMO系统的容量增加主要取决于无线电信道的空间相关性性能.主要研究了MIMO天线阵列系统的性能,包括MIMO空间时间相关性和天线阵列配置,推导了当角能量遵循拉普拉斯分布时均匀线性阵列、均匀圆阵的衰落相关性解析公式,并分析了两种天线阵列下的系统信道容量.通过计算机程序模拟仿真验证了分析结果,验证结果表明当阵元间距增大或者衰减因子减小(角度扩展增大)时,空间衰落相关性减小,系统信道容量增大,提升了系统性能.     

微小区MIMO信道模型的相关性分析

根据微小区双散射的MIMO椭圆信道模型,分析发送、接收端阵元天线间的信道相关性,考虑到发射端与接收端周围存在大量散射体,且散射体服从非均匀分布,采用Von Mises分布函数描述散射角度的分布情况,从而得到信道相关函数的闭式表达式,并通过仿真分析影响信道相关性的主要因素。实验结果表明,相关系数随天线间距、角度扩展、扩展因子的增大而非单调性减小,为MIMO技术的应用提供了有效理论依据。     

基于信道估计的物理层安全多天线选择功率分配方案

针对多天线选择方案提高物理层安全的研究中信道已知条件的设定过于理想这一问题,提出利用导频信号估计主信道并进行多天线选择的方案。首先,接收端发送导频信号供发射端进行主信道估计;然后发射端利用估计的信道状态信息选出多根天线并进行功率分配;最后推导所提方案的保密容量并设计仿真实例。结果表明,所提方案在估计误差条件下达成了低信噪比时的非零保密容量,且接收方误码率随信噪比增大急剧减小至10-4,而窃听方的误码率保持较高,验证了所提方案的有效性和可行性。     

基于传输信道状态信息的四发射天线空时分组码

空时分组码是一种可在瑞利衰落信道中使用多天线传输信息的新方法。该文研究了一种在发射端已知信道状态信息条件下的四个发射天线、全分集、全速率编码方案。此方案利用了传输重量,可得到正交空时编码,且在接收端使用最大比例组合得到各输出支路的极小距离判决译码,它能取得与最大似然译码同样的性能,且译码复杂度大为降低。     

基于天线选择的全双工中继干扰抑制

在全双工中继协作通信系统中,中继发送端和接收端之间的干扰严重影响了系统的传输性能,因此干扰抑制是全双工模式下的关键问题。与引入权重矩阵的抑制方法不同,介绍了一种在中继发送端和接收端同时进行天线选择的干扰抑制方法。在多天线中继衰落信道系统中,基于最小化干扰信道的信道容量准则,中继发送端和接收端均选择合适的天线子集。在该抑制方法的基础上,理论分析了系统信道容量的闭式表达。仿真结果表明,天线选择方案改善了系统的信道容量和误码率性能,干扰抑制效果明显,同时降低了系统的复杂性。     

MIMO系统各态历经信道容量的分析与仿真

以信息论的观点为基础,在假设信道状态信息仅收端已知的情况下,采用等功率发射方案,研究了瑞利衰落信道下MIMO(多输入多输出)系统各态历经信道容量,推导了三种特殊MIMO信道的各态历经信道容量表达式,以及在小信噪比下等收发天线MIMO系统的容量近似公式,并通过仿真进行了验证,仿真结果表明该近似公式比较精确。     

室外3D散射信道中ULA/UCA天线MIMO性能分析

为更好地解决室外三维(3D)空间域的移动通信问题,提出了一种新型室外3D空间域散射信道统计模型,主要研究MIMO多天线系统的接收性能。在宏蜂窝小区移动通信环境中,模型能够估计多径衰落信道的重要空间信道参数,首先推导了多径衰落信道的到达角(Angle of Arrival,AOA)概率密度分布。此外模型在设置多输入多输出(Multiple Input Multiple Output,MIMO)多天线的均匀线性阵列(Uniform Linear Array,ULA)和圆形阵列(Uniform Circular Array,UCA)的基础上,分析了波达信号不同方位角分布对散射信道中MIMO性能的影响因素,包括MIMO空间相关性、信道容量以及天线阵列配置。数值仿真结果与3D多径衰落信道模型对比,表明本模型的信道参数估计符合理论和实际的通信环境,为评估MIMO天线接收系统与仿真无线通信系统提供了创新性的研究。     

采用GSSK调制的MISO系统容量研究

GSSK是空间位移键控(SSK)的一般性推广,通过发射天线索引的组合传输信息,可以极大地降低多天线系统的复杂度。为研究采用GSSK调制技术的MISO无线通信系统的容量特性,从信息论的基本理论出发,通过数学计算和计算机仿真的方法研究了采用GSSK调制的MISO系统的容量。分别对瑞利衰落信道和莱斯衰落信道下的系统容量进行研究,并且比较了独立衰落信道和具有信道相关性的衰落信道在容量方面的不同。结果表明,采用的方法可以有效地计算系统容量。GSSK的系统容量与SNR和发射天线组合的数量密切相关。LOS分量及信道相关系性均会使GSSK的容量降低。     

一种基于人工噪声的MISO相关信道物理层安全方法

现有基于人工噪声的物理层安全方法都假设信道是相互独立的,但是多天线通信系统中存在的信道空间相关性会降低系统安全容量。针对这一问题,设计了一种基于人工噪声的多入单出(MISO)相关信道物理层安全方法。通过合法用户信道参数的协方差矩阵得到发送端的信道相关矩阵,利用该矩阵与合法用户信道参数乘积的零空间作为人工噪声的生成空间,随机生成人工噪声对窃听方实现干扰。仿真结果表明,在存在信道空间相关性的情况下,本方法比现有方法的平均系统安全容量提高了约0.5 bit/s/Hz。     

Correlated channel model-based secure communications in dual-hop wireless communication networks

This article is focused on secure relay beamformer design with a correlated channel model in the relay-eavesdropper network. In this network, a single-antenna source-destination pair transmits secure information with the help of an amplify-and-forward (AF) relay equipped with multiple antennas, and the legitimate and eavesdropping channels are correlated. The relay cannot obtain the instantaneous channel state information (CSI) of the eavesdropper, and has only the knowledge of correlation information between the legitimate and eavesdropping channels. Depending on this information, we derive the conditional distribution of the eavesdropping channel. Two beamformers at the relay are studied for the approximate ergodic secrecy rate: (1) the generalized match-and-forward (GMF) beamformer to maximize the legitimate channel rate, and (2) the general-rank beamformer (GRBF). In addition, one lower-bound-maximizing (LBM) beamformer at the relay is discussed for maximizing the lower bound of the ergodic secrecy rate. We find that the GMF beamformer is the optimal rank-one beamformer, that the GRBF is the iteratively optimal beamformer, and that the performance of the LBM beamformer for the ergodic secrecy rate gets close to that of the GRBF for the approximate secrecy rate. It can also be observed that when the relay has lower power or the channel gain of the second hop is low, the performance of the GMF beamformer surpasses that of the GRBF. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the beamformers’ performance.     

Unifying eigen-mode MIMO transmission

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technique plays a key role in improving the spectrum and power efficiency in future mobile communication systems. Exploiting a unified MIMO transmission scheme that can adapt with various channel conditions is well motivated both in theory and practical applications. An eigen-mode based closed-loop MIMO transmission over frequency selective fading MIMO channels, which considers receive correlation, transmit correlation and line of sight (LOS) components, is investigated by maximizing the upper bound of channel capacity under the assumption that the channel is partially known at the transmitter and perfectly known at the receiver. Based on the eigen-mode transmission, several key techniques including linear precoding, stream selection, virtual spatial hopping and online capacity estimation are proposed, and a unified MIMO transmission scheme is established. Both computer simulation and field test results show that the proposed scheme can significantly improve the spectral efficiency and link reliability under various channel conditions.     

A novel weighted multilevel space-time trellis coding scheme

It has been shown that when perfect or partial channel state information (CSI) is available at the transmitter, the performance and capacity of a space-time coded system can be further improved. Multilevel space-time trellis codes (MLSTTC’s) are capable of simultaneously providing bandwidth efficiency, diversity improvement and coding gain with significantly reduced decoding complexity, especially for larger constellations and higher throughputs. In this paper, we present a design of combined multilevel space-time trellis codes and beam forming based on feedback from receiver, henceforth referred to as weighted multilevel space-time trellis codes (WMLSTTCs). The channel profile is used to provide a beam forming scheme that achieves the better performance by properly weighting transmitted signals. Weights are selected that matches best with a channel profile feedback from the receiver indicative of long-term characteristics of the wireless channel. WMLSTTCs provide improvement in performance of MLSTTCs.     

码本扰动有限反馈多载波分层空时检测方法

针对有限反馈多载波分层空时方案存在反馈链路开销量减少引起性能缺失的问题,利用矩阵线性变换特性,提出了一种基于码本扰动的有限反馈多载波分层空时预编码检测方法。该方法利用多载波各子载波信道频域之间的相关性,在接收端仅需估计部分子载波信道信息,采用相应的准则从预置码本中选取主码字及扰动码字,用扰动码字对主码字进行线性变换扰动以达到容量最优,在发送端根据反馈的码本矩阵的索引重构各子载波预编码矩阵,最后在接收端采用非线性循环迭代检测方法,以补偿由于有限反馈导致的性能缺失。仿真结果表明,提出的方法在保证反馈链路开销的情况下,一定程度上提高了系统吞吐量,改善了系统误码性能。     

Optimal user scheduling and power control in multi-user cognitive broadcast systems

Cognitive radio systems should not only have the ability to sense and exploit "frequency spectrum holes",but also the ability to sense and utilize "spatial spectrum holes".In this paper,we consider the issue of maximizing the throughput of the cognitive systems by fully utilizing "spatial spectrum holes" brought in by multiple cognitive users,in the scenario where a pair of licensed users and a cognitive broadcast system share multiple spectrum bands.By exploiting the channel reciprocity under the premise that the licensed system adopts the time-division-duplexing (TDD) mode,we propose a more practical cognitive access scheme that can sense the interference at the licensed user caused by the cognitive transmitter,based on the existing feedback signals from the licensed user to the licensed base station.Taking both interferences from the licensed base station to the cognitive receiver and from the cognitive transmitter to the licensed user into consideration,we investigate the optimal user scheduling and power allocation scheme that can maximize the ergodic sum rate of the cognitive system.We show that scheduling the user whose channel gain to interference and noise ratio (CGINR) is the largest for each frequency band is optimal.We also derive the dynamic power allocation scheme meeting the three practical constraints,i.e.,the transmitter’s average transmission power constraint,the power amplifier’s instantaneous transmission power constraint,and the interference power constraint at the licensed user.The result shows that in different coherent time intervals and different frequency bands,the power allocation has a multi-level waterfilling structure.Theoretical analysis shows that the strategy scheduling user with the largest CGINR introduces significant performance improvement compared with the traditional strategy scheduling user with the largest channel gain to noise ratio (CGNR).We also illustrate the impact of power constraints and the number of users on system performance by simulation.     

A chaotic communication system of improved performance based on the Derivative-free nonlinear Kalman filter

The Derivative-free nonlinear Kalman Filter is used for developing a communication system that is based on a chaotic modulator such as the Duffing system. In the transmitter’s side, the source of information undergoes modulation (encryption) in which a chaotic signal generated by the Duffing system is the carrier. The modulated signal is transmitted through a communication channel and at the receiver’s side demodulation takes place, after exploiting the estimation provided about the state vector of the chaotic oscillator by the Derivative-free nonlinear Kalman Filter. Evaluation tests confirm that the proposed filtering method has improved performance over the Extended Kalman Filter and reduces significantly the rate of transmission errors. Moreover, it is shown that the proposed Derivative-free nonlinear Kalman Filter can work within a dual Kalman Filtering scheme, for performing simultaneously transmitter–receiver synchronisation and estimation of unknown coefficients of the communication channel.     

基于MUD/SD的认知无线电系统遍历容量研究

提出了基于多天线选择分集接收的多用户分集认知无线电系统模型。该系统模型由于在认知接收端采用了多天线选择分集接收,相比传统多用户分集认知无线电系统采用的单天线接收,能够进一步提高认知用户系统信道遍历容量。推导并给出了认知接收端信噪比的概率密度函数与累积分布函数,分析了多天线数目与认知用户数对系统信道遍历容量的影响,同时给出了不考虑认知用户发送功率约束条件下的认知用户系统信道遍历容量的解析表达式。     

MIMO信道在不同条件下的容量分析

对影响多输入多输出(MIMO)信道容量的因素进行分析研究有助于未来无线传感器网络的组建与优化。假设信道系数不变,给出了发射端不同功率分配方案对信道容量的影响并进行了对比,通过实验仿真可知,注水算法对信道容量是最优的,此结论与理论分析相吻合,但其运算复杂度较高。推导了等功率分配方案在低信噪比时信道容量的近似表达式,并通过实验仿真与理论值进行了比较,其运算量大大降低,且在低信噪比时逼近理论值。假设MIMO信道矩阵随机分布,对影响信道容量的天线相关性进行了分析与仿真;比较了在不同天线配置下,遍历容量和中断容量的变化趋势,结论有助于组网时根据相关要求选择适宜的天线数目。