冷床上卸钢液压系统分析改造

本文对冷床上卸钢液压系统存在的问题进行了分析,找出了产生问题的原因,并对原液压系统进行了改造,减少了油液的泄漏,提高了系统的稳定性,减小了维修强度,降低了维修成本,提高了系统的工作效率。     

带内螺纹的望远镜镜身注塑模具设计

分析了望远镜镜身的结构,提出了塑件成型及模具设计的关键点,设计了模具的整体结构。设计了可相对运动的组合式型芯,以增加内抽芯机构的运动空间,通过塑件推出时带动螺纹滑块的移动实现了内侧抽芯。设计了矩形型芯镶块、加工了避空结构,采用螺钉固定,解决了狭小空间安装小型芯的问题,避免了模具干涉。采用了锥面配合,提高了模具的定位精度,减小了配合件的摩擦。经生产验证,该模具生产的塑件质量满足图纸要求。     

导向筒挤压成形工艺及模具设计

探讨了导向筒挤压的可行性,对几种工艺方案进行了分析,选择了最优方案并制定了工艺流程,在此基础上设计了导向筒挤压模具。采用冷挤压工艺加工后,提高了零件精度和表面质量,改善了强度和韧性,减少了切削加工量,节约了原材料,提高了生产效率,也改善了零件的组织性能。     

拖拉机导向轮自动焊专机的研制

为加大拖拉机导向轮合件的生产规模, 开发研制了一台自动焊专机, 实现了拖拉机导向轮合件的全自动焊接, 提高了劳动生产率, 满足了规模生产的需求; 还实现了该零件的自动焊接工艺参数的一元化控制, 减小了人为因素对产品质量的影响, 保证了产品的质量, 减轻了工人的劳动强度, 降低了生产成本。     

基于STEP-NC的数控铣削仿真系统的研究

STEP-NC是STEP向数控领域的扩展.STEP-NC使CNC与其它CAX系统之间实现了信息的双向流通,丰富了数控程序的信息含量,提高了CNC的智能化水平.文章利用Visual C 编程语言及OpenGL图形库实现了一个基于STEP-NC的数控铣削仿真系统,构建了基于STEP-NC的软件,规划了其体系结构,论述了STEP-NC类库的设计过程.随后,给出了系统各功能模块的实施细节,分析了各模块实现的关键技术,着重介绍了系统各功能模块的设计与实现,并给出了程序算法及相关流程图.验证了STEP-NC数据模型的可行性.     

径向冲孔模设计

对盒体零件的冲孔工艺方案进行了分析,介绍了各种冲孔工艺方案的优缺点,从而确定了利用凸轮机构,实现了该零件的径向冲孔。介绍了该模具结构及工作过程,给出了零件的工艺计算方法,提出了模具的设计方法,为解决同类零件的冲孔提供了参考。     

皮带罩冲压工艺及模具设计

通过对皮带罩零件的冲压工艺进行了分析,确定了合理的工艺方案。介绍了拉深模的设计,分析了拉深时零件项部圆角产生拉裂的原因。提出了解决零件拉裂的措施。通过热处理提高了模具的使用寿命,降低了生产成本。     

基于工艺补充面优化设计的汽车前门外板拉深成形研究

针对表面形状复杂的汽车前门外板进行了冲压缺陷分析并提出了解决方案。分析了制件变形和棱线滑移产生的原因。构造了较产品设计有一定局部偏差的工艺造型,形成了适用于拉深工序的模具型面。对工艺补充面进行了再设计,通过设置工艺凸包和凹陷补偿的方法,解决了门把手安装槽转角的变形问题。利用强压处理调节局部材料流动,并优化了传统的强压区范围,最终有效控制了滑移线。建立了有限元模型,对设计方案进行了模拟验证,制造出了合格的拉深制件。     

保压阀支架级进模无废料排样设计

分析了保压阀支架的冲压工艺,设计了零件的排样方案,介绍了模具结构。不仅保证了零件的精度,同时提高了生产率,大幅降低了生产成本。     

基于流程图知识表示的工程机械液压故障诊断专家系统

根据工程机械液压系统故障诊断的特点,建立了液压故障诊断专家系统。提出了利用故障定位流程图作为专家系统诊断知识的表示方式,研究了图形化的知识库生成工具Auto Flowchart,构建了诊断知识数据库,设计了故障诊断专家系统的结构,开发了基于流程图知识表示的故障诊断专家系统。有效解决了传统专家系统知识获取困难的问题;实现了液压系统的故障定位;方便了诊断知识的维护与更新,提高了查找故障的准确率及效率。最后,以QYJ40B起重机为例进行了应用,结果表明该方法有效可行。     

Relaxation of interphase stresses on the later stages of the heterogeneous decomposition of solid solutions. II. Variational problem

The study of relaxation processes upon the decomposition of solid solutions at the stage of coalescence in the regime of dislocation-matrix diffusion is performed using a “precipitated-phase-particle-feeding-dislocations” system as an example. Within the framework of the variational approach, the cases of the independent and interdependent variation of the fraction of the relaxed regions of the interphase surface and of the number of edge dislocations which supply the alloying component to the precipitated phase have been investigated. Under the assumption that implies the linearity of the possible connection between these parameters, the model approximation of the continuous nucleation of epitaxial defects, and the absence of free matrix dislocations near the particle in the initial state, it is shown that the decrease in the number of edge feeding dislocations in the process of relaxation of interphase stresses can occur only by means of “leakage” of dislocation segments localized in the precipitate outside the limits of the precipitate with the formation of structural dislocation loops on the interphase surface.     

Peculiarities of the macroscopic investigation of multicomponent electrochemichal deposits on the basis of the comparison of relative deviations

The paper presents an analysis of the available indicators of the correlation of the macroscopic distribution of the multicomponent electrochemical deposits and offers new indicators based on the principle of the comparison of the relative deviations from the average values of the sets of measurements of the dispersed parameters of electrochemical objects. The elaborated indicators reflect the correlation between the dispersed parameters with regard to the share in an aggregate (at the cathode macrolevel) of the compared feature of the relative deviations and allow for the objective checking of their estimation by other indicators. In addition, they enable a thorough investigation of the formation process of the multicomponent electrochemical deposits at the cathode macrolevel and application of their values for the purpose of the control and prediction of the functional structure of the deposits.     

Electroerosion treatment of dielectric materials

The authors worked out a new method of combined electric-erosion and electric-chemical processing of dielectrics in an electrolytic medium. This article is dedicated to the study of the process of passing an electric current through an aqueous solution of an electrolyte. With the help of measurements of the voltampere characteristics of the current passing through the electrolytes under study, the total character of the electrolytes’ dependence, which has 4 transition regimes, was determined. The characteristics of the transition regimes depend on both the electric regimes and the types of electrolytes and their concentration and don’t depend on the distance between the electrodes. It’s characteristic of characteristic third phase that a plasma envelope appears that is accompanied by distraction of the dielectric. It’s shown that the tension and corresponding current density at which the plasma envelope occurs exist for every type of electrolyte when the material of the cathode is not changed. The correlation between these parameters and the coefficient of the surface-tension of the studied electrolytes is determined. The results of the study include the dependence of the speed of the volumetric broaching upon such technological parameters as the electric power, the frequency of the revolution of the electrode device, the frequency of the relaxation of the generator, and the concentration of the electrolyte. The problem of the mechanisms of the influence of the electric discharge in the electrolyte upon dielectric is discussed.     

Asymmetry of the roll gap as a factor improving work of the hydraulic gauge control in the plate rolling mill

Plate mill in the Steel Plant Cz stochowa has been recently equipped with the hydraulic gauge control system. Analysis of the work of the mill after the modernisation has shown an increase of the loads by about 20%. Additionally, changes in the geometry of the stand resulted in about 35% increase of the stress in the upper traverse of the stand and about 20% increase of the stress in the lower traverse and in the poles. These additional loads are due to the work of the hydraulic gauge control system which, on the other hand, decreases the variations of the thickness along the plate and improves the flatness of the plate.

Investigation of the possibilities of the decrease of the rolling loads is the main objective of the present project. An assumption is made that an introduction of the asymmetrical rolling may be one of the ways of solving that task. Research on the practical aspects of the implementation of the asymmetrical rolling in the plate mill Cz stochowa were carried out. The asymmetry was introduced by varying the angular velocities of the upper and lower rolls. In the present work, the theoretical analysis of that problem has been performed using the finite-element code Elroll. The code uses rigid-plastic flow formulation coupled with the numerical solution of the general heat diffusion-convection equation. It has been earlier successively applied to the simulation of the metal flow and heat transfer during rolling of the bimetalic plates. In the present project program Elroll has been used for the calculation of the loads in the symmetrical and asymmetrical rolling of steel plates. Analysis of the results obtained for the rolling of eight different carbon-manganese steels has shown that asymmetrical rolling results in a decrease of the rolling loads in the last finishing passes ranging from few to more than 70%, depending on the process parameters. It is shown that an application of the asymmetrical rolling in the stands with the hydraulic gauge control leads to: i) an improvement of the flatness of the plate, ii) a decrease of the thickness variations along the plate, iii) an improvement of the transverse profile of the plate.     

大学社会角色重构:一种对大学角色价值取向的社会学研究

大学学术性角色和非学术性角色之争,实质是对大学社会角色的批判和认识,大学社会角色的价值取向对大学的发展产生重要影响;从社会学角度研究大学的社会角色,有助于认识大学和社会发展的关系,有助于促进大学与社会融合,有助于实现大学的核心价值与达成大学的自我完善。     

高强度厚规格钢板板形控制研究

针对宝武鄂钢4 300 mm宽厚板轧机轧制高强度厚规格钢板出现的“搓衣板”和“蛇形弯”板形缺陷问题,对其产生原因进行了分析。结果表明: “搓衣板”板形缺陷的形成是由于轧机机架精度不够造成轧辊辊系不稳定,高强度钢板在轧制过程中上下表面金属变形不一致而导致的,同时由于钢板头部下扣,使钢板在轧制延伸时受阻,加剧了整板“搓衣板”板形缺陷的形成。轧机主电机负荷平衡功能的投入会干预到上下主电机速度的给定,造成钢板“蛇形弯”缺陷,同时由于轧机雪橇功能的过分使用会加剧该种板形缺陷的形成。为此,提出了加强轧机机架间隙精度的管理措施,有利于轧制过程中辊系的稳定;对钢板精轧阶段压下制度进行了优化,即末道次压下率为12%~17%时,可使钢板头部板形为单弧形上翘,不会产生“搓衣板”缺陷;对轧机主电机负荷平衡功能及雪橇功能进行了优化,减少了钢板咬入阶段上下主电机速度波动,有利于钢板头部“蛇形弯”的控制。上述措施实施后,厚规格高强度钢板板形明显改善,降低了生产成本,提升了宽厚板厂产品质量和市场竞争力。     

The electronic factor in the act of adsorption of ions on a metal surface

The physical mechanism of the electron contribution to the electrochemical potential (intrinsic energy) of ions adsorbed on a metal surface is studied. The problem is reduced to consideration of the single-electron binding state in the fields of two attractors. For the bond between the anion and metal, the attraction centers are the potential of the atomic core of the anion and the potential reflecting the effects of interaction of the excess quantum charge with plasma degrees of freedom of the metal and formation of a surface axial plasmaron. On the average, the above attractors are neutral and are characterized by a finite range of action. The intrinsic energy of the cation of the metal surface depends on the energy of the valence electron in Coulombic fields of the cation itself, on the potential of the surface axial plasmahole, and on the energy of the mutual Coulombic repulsion of the above electron-attraction centers. Expressions are proposed for electronbinding terms of ions with a metal point by analogy with the mechanisms of formation of chemical σ- and π-bonds with partial charge transfer in molecular compounds.     

高压隔膜泵单向阀阀隙流场的冲蚀磨损特性分析

目的 探究高压隔膜泵单向阀阀隙流场冲蚀磨损产生的原因及主要影响因素。方法 基于固液两相流基本理论和冲蚀模型,考虑颗粒保护效应及磨蚀效应,采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法模拟单向阀阀隙流场的冲蚀磨损行为,探究矿粉颗粒体积分数、颗粒粒径、单向阀半锥角、胶垫突出高度等参数对单向阀冲蚀磨损特性的影响。结果 矿粉颗粒紧贴阀芯壁面的剪切运动是造成阀芯发生冲蚀磨损失效的主要原因。当矿粉的体积分数由0.1增大到0.5时,由冲蚀造成的最大冲蚀磨损速率随之减小,由磨蚀造成的平均冲蚀磨损速率随之增大。当矿粉粒径为0.025~0.048 mm时,随着矿粉粒径的增大,平均冲蚀磨损速率随之增大。当矿粉粒径超过0.048 mm时,平均冲蚀磨损速率逐渐减小。当单向阀半锥角由30°增大到45°时,阀隙流场的最大流速由12.23 m/s减小至9.19 m/s,矿粉颗粒对阀芯壁面的最大冲蚀磨损速率减小了41.16%。阀隙流场的最大流速和冲蚀磨损速率随着胶垫突出高度h的增大而增大,同时位置也发生了相应变化。结论 矿粉颗粒体积分数的增加会加重粒子对阀芯壁面的损伤程度,随着粒径的增加,泵阀的最大冲蚀磨损速率先增大后减小,增大半锥角可以缓解颗粒对壁面的冲蚀磨损,增大胶垫突出高度会导致冲蚀磨损区域逐渐向胶垫突出位置集中。     

基于板料电磁翻边的电磁力分布及成形质量影响

本文针对铝合金板料电磁翻边工艺过程,采用数值模拟方法,研究板料上的电磁力分布特性以及几何参数对电磁力分布的影响规律,并揭示电磁力分布对翻边件成形质量的影响。结果表明,铝合金板料电磁翻边中,预制孔的存在使板料上形成电磁力边缘积聚效应,板料预制孔径和成形线圈内径参数通过改变线圈投影面积比影响电磁力分布;随着线圈投影面积比的减小,电磁力边缘积聚效应更加显著,边缘电磁力密度增大;电磁力分布较均匀时,圆角区材料塑性流动更显著,成形件能获得更高的成形高度与更小的边缘减薄率,变形区厚度分布较均匀,成形质量更好。     

Current tasks and problems of welding production in Russia

Results of the investigations of the effect of changes in the composition of the shielding gas on the energy parameters and the cross section of the arc column in the shielding gas are presented. It is shown that the periodic variation of the composition of the shielding gas from helium to argon is accompanied by a cyclic short-term increase in the pressure of the welding arc and also by a surge of welding current. The periodic variation of the composition of the shielding gas in the arc refines the structure of the weld metal and increases the solidification cracking resistance of aluminium alloys.