黄酒活性干酵母培养酒母用于大罐发酵

黄酒活性干酵母培养酒母用于大罐发酵杨月轩浙江杭州市余杭酒厂（３１１１２１）关键词黄酒，黄酒ＡＤＹ，酒母，大罐发酵，新工艺新工艺大罐黄酒生产中．一般酒厂多从试管菌种开始，逐步扩大培养至酒母罐后，再将酒母醪液接入前酵大罐中来进行糖化发酵。在整个生产过程当...     

黄酒活性干酵母培养酒母用于大罐发酵

黄酒活性干酵母培养酒母用于大罐发酵杨月轩浙江杭州市余杭酒厂（３１１１２１）关键词黄酒，黄酒ＡＤＹ，酒母，大罐发酵，新工艺新工艺大罐黄酒生产中，一般酒厂多从试管菌种开始，逐步扩大培养至酒母罐后，再将酒母醪液接人前酵大罐中来进行糖化发酵。在整个生产过程当...     

玫瑰茄黄酒的工艺研究

以糯米和玫瑰茄浸提液为原料,酿制玫瑰茄糯米黄酒。通过单因素和正交试验优化玫瑰茄黄酒糖化和发酵的工艺条件。结果表明:最佳糖化工艺条件为糖化时间21 h、麦曲添加量12 g、糖化温度30℃;最佳发酵工艺条件为发酵时间72 h、发酵温度25℃、2%玫瑰茄浸提液添加量60 mL、酒曲添加量2.5%。在该条件下玫瑰茄黄酒的酒精度为13.8%vol,还原糖含量为0.256 mg/mL,pH 3.42。     

苦荞黄酒发酵动力学模型的建立

以苦荞、糯米完全糖化后离心清液为研究对象,按项目前期研究所得工艺条件进行苦荞黄酒主醪发酵研究,探寻苦荞黄酒的发酵动力学规律。苦荞黄酒主发酵期共18 d,每隔0.5 d取样,测定其总糖含量、酵母菌含量及酒精含量,再利用Origin 8.0软件中对3种物质的变化进行拟合,建立苦荞黄酒底物消耗、酒精生成和酵母生长模型。结果为:总糖含量变化符合Logistic模型,拟合度为0.99734;酵母菌生长符合Boltzmann模型,拟合度为0.99678;酒精含量变化符合Logistic模型,拟合度为0.99594。3个动力学模型均较好地反映了苦荞黄酒主醪发酵过程中物质的变化规律,为生产中主动控制苦荞黄酒发酵工艺条件及优化发酵工艺过程提供理论依据。     

酿制黄酒用糯米糖化性能的研究

通过对不同产地籼糯米和粳糯米的糖化性能和水份、淀粉含量的测定研究,结果表明:不同产地籼糯米和粳糯米的糖化性能是不同的;糯米糖化性能的好坏,与糯米淀粉含量没有直接关联。酿制黄酒用糯米选用糖化性能较好,发酵后残余的糊精和发酵产多糖多,黄酒的醇厚性好,以提高黄酒的品质。     

发酵型草菇糯米甜洒酿造工艺研究

以草菇为特色辅料与糯米通过全发酵制得草菇糯米甜酒.研究了不同黄酒高活性干酵母(YWBY)接种量、发酵温度、发酵时间对糯米甜酒发酵的影响.确定草菇糯米甜酒的最佳发酵工艺条件:主发酵工艺条件为在糖化醪中接入0.10%YWBY,料水比1:0.8,25℃下发酵9 d;后发酵工艺条件为22℃下发酵18 d.结果表明,较低的发酵温度有利于提高产品的总酯和非糖固形物含量,而且酒的色泽和口感更好;草菇糯米甜酒.呈棕黄色、醇厚、甘甜爽口、酒体协调,具有特色的兰花香味,保持了草菇的营养保健与食疗价值.     

糯米莲藕黄酒的发酵工艺研究

为充分利用济宁丰富的莲藕资源,以莲藕糯米为原料,麦曲与黄酒活性干酵母为糖化发酵剂开发糯米莲藕黄酒。通过单因素试验和正交试验、方差分析相结合的方法,综合比较成品酒酒精度、总糖、总酸以确定糯米莲藕黄酒的最优发酵工艺。单因素试验表明莲藕用量最佳比例为25%;用水量、麦曲量、干酵母量、主发酵温最佳处理水平分别为90%、10%、0.6%、28℃;正交试验表明最佳发酵工艺为用水量90%、麦曲量10%、干酵母量0.6%、主发酵温度26℃,所获黄酒酒体澄清、色泽金黄、口感清爽、香味协调,具莲藕清香。     

原料米对广东客家黄酒发酵及产γ-氨基丁酸的影响

该文研究不同原料米(糯米、粳米、籼米)对客家黄酒发酵过程中总糖、总酸、氨基酸态氮、γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)含量及谷氨酸脱羧酶(GAD酶)活性的影响。结果表明,在总糖、总酸、氨基酸态氮指标方面,糯米、粳米、籼米都适合酿制客家黄酒,但糯米黄酒、粳米黄酒总糖、总酸和氨基酸态氮含量较高;发酵过程中,GABA含量糯米黄酒最高,粳米黄酒次之,籼米黄酒最低;贮藏一个月后,糯米黄酒GABA含量达到260.45 mg/L,分别为粳米黄酒、籼米黄酒的1.13、1.44倍。糯米、粳米黄酒的GAD酶活性较大且两者接近,而籼米GAD酶活性较小,与糯米、粳米相差较大。综上所述,对比三种原料米,糯米最适合发酵客家黄酒及产GABA,粳米次之,籼米较不利。     

不同酿造工艺对黄酒理化指标及高级醇含量影响的研究

高级醇是黄酒发酵过程中酵母代谢的副产物,是黄酒中主要的风味物质之一,而高级醇过量则会使人饮后“上头”.通过对发酵过程中黄酒样品进行理化指标和气相色谱分析,2种工艺酒样中总糖消耗速率和酒精的生成量都较为相似,双边发酵工艺酒样中最后的氨基酸态氮和生物量明显高于后者.先糖化后发酵工艺酒样中,后酵结束时高级醇含量329.26mg/L,低于双边发酵工艺中的399.45mg/L.因此先糖化后发酵有利于降低高级醇的含量.     

雪莲果露型黄酒的研发

以雪莲果和双粮(粳米和糯米)为主要原料,在嘉兴喂饭黄酒传统发酵的工艺基础上,以制淋饭酒母、米曲,复合酶为糖化剂,共同参与糖化发酵,并在压榨分离清酒中加入益生元低聚异麦芽糖,通过科学的品评、组合和调味,研发出一种新颖的雪莲果清爽型果露黄酒.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the