酵母细胞影响红曲霉次生代谢产物的研究

通过红曲液体培养,研究酵母细胞对红曲霉次生代谢产物的影响.结果表明在红曲霉液体发酵中添加酿酒酵母细胞破壁液,亲水性色素提高了37.53%,疏水性色素提高了24.58%,Monacolin K增加了57.27%.     

姬菇菇脚对红曲霉菌丝生长和产色素的影响

为调查以姬菇菇脚为底物进行液态发酵生产天然红曲色素的可行性,作者采用平板培养和液态发酵技术,以平板菌落直径、发酵液菌丝体生物量和色素产量为指标,评估姬菇菇脚对紫红曲霉MR02菌丝生长和产色素能力的影响。结果表明,普通培养基添加姬菇菇脚能促进紫红曲霉MR02菌丝体的生长和色素产量的提高;以不同配比的菇脚和大米粉为底物进行培养,在单一菇脚为底物的培养液中测得一定量的菌丝体和红曲色素;以菇脚为底物培养紫红曲霉MR02,其生长特性符合多细胞生物的生长曲线规律;以不同质量分数的姬菇菇脚为底物发酵,菇脚质量分数为12%,培养到第144小时时,菌丝体生物量为5.52 g/L,培养到第216小时时,红曲色素产量为72.92 U/mL。因此,以紫红曲霉MR02为出发菌株,利用姬菇菇脚为底物发酵生产红曲色素是可行的。     

红曲黄酒酿造过程中红曲霉生长抑制因素初探

红曲霉对红曲黄酒的色、香、味及其功能性组分至关重要。然而,红曲霉在酿酒过程中被抑制,其抑制机理并未明确。本研究采用PCR-DGGE与qPCR技术相结合的方法,对平湖红曲黄酒传统酿造过程中的优势真菌菌群动态进行定性、定量分析,并根据红曲霉的菌量变化推测可能原因,同时构造相应的体系进行验证,寻找影响红曲霉生长的关键因子。结果表明:传统酿造过程中,红曲霉和酿酒酵母是优势菌,且随着酿造时间的延长,红曲霉的菌量逐渐降低;验证体系表明溶氧量的暂时减少、红曲米的物理束缚和红曲浸泡液中的物质并不会显著抑制红曲霉的生长,而酒精度的增加是影响红曲霉生长的关键因素;传统酿造过程进一步验证酒精度的变化与红曲霉生长的关系,发酵初期的酒精度(0～4%,体积分数)对红曲霉无影响,而随着酒精度的增加,红曲霉的生长逐渐受到抑制,至发酵后期的酒精度(17%,体积分数)对红曲霉的抑制作用明显。     

十种添加物对红曲菌monacolin K产量的促进效果分析

为了提高红曲菌液态发酵产monacolin K的能力,本文对紫色红曲菌(Monascus Purpureus)M1进行培养基成分优化从而提高monacolin K产量。在实验室原培养基成分中添加山药粉、桔皮粉、酵母菌液、酵母上清液、酵母破壁液、破壁后的酵母菌液、亮氨酸、谷氨酸、乙醇等物质,对不同培养基中红曲菌的次级代谢产物产量进行测定。结果表明:添加谷氨酸可以极显著(p<0.01)提高monacolin K产量,提高了5.60倍;添加山药粉、酵母菌液、酵母上清液、酵母破壁液、破壁后的酵母菌液能提高红曲红和红曲黄色素的色价,其中添加酵母菌液对红曲红色素提高效果极显著(p<0.01),提高51.4%;通过扫描电镜检测谷氨酸培养基和普通培养基中红曲菌菌丝体的差异发现添加了谷氨酸的菌丝体更膨大,其细胞壁与原生质体之间缝隙增大,推测其细胞膜的通透性增加,进而导致细胞内积累的monacolin K能转移到胞外,使发酵液中monacolin K产量提高。     

两种辅料对固态发酵红曲米莫纳可林K与红曲色素产量的影响

红曲霉在发酵过程中会产生莫纳可林K(MK)和红曲色素(MPs)等多种对人体有益的次级代谢产物。为同时在红曲米固态发酵产物中获得一定量的MK和MPs,实验在大米基质基础上,分别添加豆粕、豆渣两种辅料,对红曲霉MPs-7进行固态发酵培养,分析两种代谢产物产量,并对辅料影响机制进行了探究。结果表明:在发酵基质中添加两种辅料均促进了MK的产生,但同时抑制了MPs的产生。豆粕添加量为质量分数15%时,发酵产物MK产量最高,但几乎无MPs产生;豆渣添加量为质量分数15%时,提高MK产量的同时也保证了一定的MPs产量,且成本比豆粕低,更适合作为辅料添加到红曲霉固态发酵基质中。研究表明:基质含氮量会影响红曲霉固态发酵过程中菌丝体量的积累,从而影响次级代谢产物的产量。     

功能性红曲色素发酵工艺研究

本文研究了以早籼米为原料,以红曲霉为菌种,种子液体发酵、红曲固体发酵生产红曲色素新工艺。选育优势菌株SM005h一株,种子液体发酵最佳条件是6%接种量,1:0.5通气量,搅拌转速350r/min,31℃下培养31h。红曲固体发酵最佳条件是接种量6%,米饭初始水分38%,发酵温度32～35℃。     

红曲霉液体种子的培养及深层通风制曲

建立了红曲霉种子的液体培养方法,实现了红曲的深层通风制曲。通过测定红曲霉的酯化力和色价并实践运用,结果表明,该液体培养法比传统固体帘子法获得的红曲霉质量更好,产量更高,且降低了杂菌的感染率和劳动强度,实现了规模化生产。     

玉米芯水解液发酵生产红曲色素的研究及条件优化

红曲霉是用于生产红曲色素的一类重要真菌,但红曲霉还会产生桔霉素,因此在控制桔霉素的前提下增强色素合成是目前研究的热点。玉米芯是一种分布广泛的农业废弃物,研究选用玉米芯水解液为碳源,考察其对红曲霉液态发酵时生物量、桔霉素和红曲色素水平的影响,并对发酵条件进行了优化。结果显示,玉米芯水解液是红曲霉发酵的良好碳源,当水解液中葡萄糖为40g/L,木糖为30g/L,暗光培养并添加辛酸时,桔霉素产率仅为27μg/L,红曲色素色价(OD510nm)高达268。     

红曲色素液体发酵研究

对红曲霉产红曲色素的液体发酵培养基组成和发酵条件进行了研究.结果表明红曲霉发酵产红曲色素的最佳培养基组成为:葡萄糖30 g/L,硝酸钠15 g/L,硫酸锌0.05 g/L和硫酸锰0.05 g/L,培养基初始pH=3,装液量为30 mL/250 mL,培养时间为120 h.在此条件下,红曲霉发酵产红曲色素的色价达到16.91 U/mL.     

高产红曲色素红曲霉菌株的筛选及抑菌试验的研究

用麦芽汁分离培养基从红曲中分离到1株产红曲色素较高的红曲霉S8.研究了S8发酵培养时间对红曲色素及干重的影响,结果表明,当培养时间为72h时,红曲色素及干重均达到最大,分别为158U/mL、0.6657g/L.同时还研究了发酵上清液的抑菌性,结果表明其上清液对指示菌(大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、短小杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌)均有较强的抑菌活性.     

蛋白质水解度测定方法综述

对目前国内外常用的蛋白质水解度测定方法进行了综述，其中pH—state方法是通过滴定水解过程中释放的质子测定DH；OPA、TNBS及国内常用的水合茚三酮和甲醛等测定方法是利用游离氨基的反应测定DH。     

SEROLOGIC IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIES OF ORIGIN OF SAUSAGE MEATS

SUMMARY: A partially purified immunoglobulin G (lgG) solution prepared from the serum of species to be tested was heated to the specifications for sausages. The resulting supernatant fluid was decanted and the precipitate washed with saline and used to immunize rabbits. The supernatant fluid was used to sensitize tanned sheep red blood cells. The immune serum was rendered monospecific by absorptions with heterologous, heated lgG precipitates. A sample of monospecific immune serum was absorbed with a washed homogenate of sausage. Aliquots of the monospecific immune serum, both untreated and sausage absorbed, were tested with cells sensitized with the homologous heated lgG supematant fluid. A significant reduction of titer by sausage absorption indicated that the sausages contained the meat homologous to the immune serum.     

聚多元羧酸盐的合成及应用

研究了聚多元羧酸盐的合成方法及反应机理,将其应用于洗涤剂和PVC制品中分别代替三聚磷酸钠和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯,证明有良好效果。     

BASIS OF STABILITY OF AMINE SALTS OF LINOLEIC ACID

SUMMARY— The mechanism and generality of the known stabilization against autoxidation conferred on linoleic acid by certain basic amino acids, such as lysine and arginine, was investigated. Basic amino acids were the only class of compounds found to confer the effect. However, the smallest basic amino acid, 2,3-diaminopropionic acid, was not effective, nor was αβω-diaminc acid, 3,6-diaminohexanoic acid, although a simple isomer of lysine. The stabilization was observed only in the solid phase. Inclusion of sodium chloride in the solid matrix was deleterious to the effect. A large number of physical and chemical observations were made and correlated but it has not been possible to draw detailed conclusions about the mechanism of stabilization, nor can a detailed structure of the stabilized complex be suggested. The cause of the phenomenon appears to be closely associated with the physical arrangement of the ions in the crystal lattice.     

STABILITY OF AQUEOUS EMULSIONS OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF HOPS

Hop oil emulsions prepared from different varieties of hops have been found to exhibit enhanced physical stability on the addition of blends of the emulsifiers Span 20/Tween 80 or Span 60/Tween 60. Examination of the particle size and volume distributions of an emulsion by use of a Coulter Counter was found to be an excellent method of monitoring its stability. An indication as to the relative efficiency of emulsifiers can be obtained from Coulter Counter measurements on hop oil emulsions after storage for 4 days. The use of an ultracentrifuge provies a rapid means of testing emulsion stability and hence the effectiveness of emulsion stabilizers.     

百年风尚

一场流光溢彩、赏心悦目的展览,一段百年风尚演进的传奇旅程,一次东西方文化艺术的完美对话。2013年9月13日,“博萃臻艺一中西方珍宝艺术展”在辽宁省博物馆举行了隆重的开幕仪式,法兰西共和国驻华大使白林女士、辽宁省文物局局长丁辉先生、辽宁省博物馆馆长马宝杰先生、卡地亚全球总裁兼首席执行官邓阁仕先生、卡地亚区域行政总裁（北亚洲）陆慧全先生、卡地亚中国区首席执行官陆意斯先生、辽宁省文物店总经理张春鹰先生,以及众多文化界与文博界的贵宾齐聚一堂,共同见证了这场文化艺术盛事。     

DEVELOPMENT OF CHAINS OF CELLS OF SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE DURING FERMENTATION

The lengths of chains of cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied during fermentation. Pitching yeast generally contained about half of the total number of cells as two-celled chains. The chain lengths varied during the subsequent fermentation and the variations were characteristic of the strain. Electronic counting assessments of chain length were unreliable.     

ANALYTICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PRODUCTS OF NONENZYMATIC GLYCOSYLATION OF LYSOZYME

The quantitative analysis of the reaction products of the water activity dependent nonenzymatic glycosylation of lysozyme was not straightforward. Difficulties arose in the determination of the number of bound glucose molecules because glycosylation leads to glucose mediated protein aggregation, and the likely presence of a mixture of relatively labile Schiff-base intermediates, and the more stable ketoamine products generated by Amadori rearrangement. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to monitor protein aggregation; periodate oxidation, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and oxalic acid hydrolysis combined with HPLC, emerged as the most promising methods to quantitate the degree of glycosylation. Possible interpretations are advanced to explain the apparent discrepancies in degree of glycosylation suggested by the different analytical methods evaluated.     

EFFECTS OF TYPES OF FAT AND OF RATES AND TEMPERATURES OF COMMINUTION ON DISPERSION OF LIPIDS IN FRANKFURTERS

ABSTRACT— The effect of time, temperature and rpm of comminution of emulsions was determined on the dispersion of approximately 25% of beef fat, pork fat or cottonseed oil in frankfurters. The numbers of lipid particles 5 μ or less in diameter increased in frankfurters containing either beef or pork fat as comminution was continued to higher temperatures, with pork fat dispersed more thoroughly. Fat tended to separate from frankfurters containing beef fat in particles 200 μ or more in diameter. In contrast, no specific degree of dispersion of particles 5 μ or less in diameter consistently indicated emulsion stability, or its lack. Increased rpm during comminution produced an increased dispersion of beef or pork fat. Under the same conditions pork fat was dispersed more finely than beef fat. Dispersion of cottonseed oil produced finely dispersed particles beyond the resolution of light microscopy, as was confirmed by electron microscopy which showed a substantial number of particles to be less than 1 μ in diameter.     

矩阵乘积的行式,列式

给出了ｍ×ｍ矩阵与ｍ×ｎ矩阵的行（列）式的表达式．若Ａ＝ａ１１ａ１２…ａ１ｍａ２１ａ２２…ａ２ｍ……ａｍ１ａｍ２…ａｍｍＢ＝ｂ１１ｂ１２…ｂ１ｎｂ２１ｂ２２…ｂ２ｎ……ｂｍ１ｂｍ２…ｂｍｎ分别是ｍ×ｍ，ｍ×ｎ矩阵，则｜Ａ｜｜Ｂ｜＝｜ＡＢ｜＋∑ｉ１＜ｉ２＜…＜ｉｔｊ１＜ｊ２＜…＜ｊｔ１≤ｔ≤ｍｎ－ｔ≥ｍＮＢｉ１ｉ２…ｉｔｊ１ｊ２…ｊｔＮＡＢ１…ｍ（－１）ｓｔ＋１ｊｔ＋１…（－１）ｓｎｊｎ其中ｉ１，ｉ２，…，ｉｔ是１，２，…，ｍ中ｔ个数码；ｊ１，ｊ２，…，ｊｔ，ｊｔ＋１，…，ｊｎ是１，２，…，ｎ的一个排列；ｓｒ＝π（ｊ１，ｊ２，…，ｊｔ，ｊｒ）（ｒ＝１，２，…，ｎ）是排列ｊ１，ｊ２，…，ｊｔ，ｊｒ的反序数．