焦化废水生物脱氮工艺探讨

对焦化废水的生物脱氮工艺进行了研究，研究结果表明，硝化菌的培养及台化是生物脱氮顺利进行的关键，连续驯化方式优于间歇台化方式，当水质波动不大，运行条件正常时，A-A/O系统可以实现98%-99%的硝化效果和75%以上的除氮效果，厌氧预处理在其中起了重要作用。     

焦化废水生物处理工艺系统的改进方法

针对部分焦化厂排放废水中 NH3-N和 COD严重超标问题 ,本文介绍了两种在 A/ O法基础上改进的焦化废水处理工艺即 :内循环 A/ O生物脱氮工艺和 A-A/ O工艺 (厌氧 -缺氧 /好氧工艺 ) ,这两种工艺各有特点 ,对焦化废水处理具有明显效果 ,出水指标均满足排放标准要求 ,现有焦化厂采用前述工艺处理废水既经济又便于实施 ,是解决焦化废水污染的有效途径     

A-A/O法处理焦化废水

焦化废水是含有大量难降解有机污染物的工业废水,其成分复杂,采用传统的A-A/O活性污泥工艺处理蒸氨后的高浓度焦化废水。结果表明,该工艺可使COD、氨氮去除率分别在96%、98%以上。     

A/O-BAF工艺在焦化废水处理工程中的应用

结合山东兖矿国际焦化有限公司酚氰废水处理站的实际运行情况,介绍了A/O-BAF(曝气生物滤池)工艺处理焦化废水的运行效果。废水经过A/O处理工艺,再经过BAF的深度处理后,出水水质达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)的一级排放标准,好氧池、缺氧池、BAF对COD的去除率分别约为80%、70%、20%,对NH3-N的去除率分别约为75%、85%、50%,此工艺可为焦化废水的处理提供参考。     

A~2/O工艺技术处理焦化废水的工业应用

介绍了采用 A2 / O工艺技术处理难降解焦化废水的工业应用、污泥的培养驯化及运行管理 ,并对该工艺处理焦化废水及发展趋势做了评述。     

O1/A1/O2/A2工艺处理焦化废水试验研究

通过对短程硝化反硝化工艺的研究,开发了好氧/厌氧/好氧/缺氧(O1/A1/O2/A2)生物脱氮新工艺并用于焦化废水的处理。考察了NH4+-N、COD、TN对反应器运行效果影响。结果表明,当进水COD平均为3 012.9 mg/L,NH4+-N、TN、挥发酚、总氰平均质量浓度分别为590.5、608.4、361.8、34.5 mg/L;出水COD平均为81.7 mg/L,出水NH4+-N、TN、挥发酚、总氰的平均质量浓度分别为0.1、9.9、0.1、0.1 mg/L,出水指标达到国家污水综合排放一级标准,A/O工艺处理这种焦化废水TN偏高,而用O1/A1/O2/A2工艺可以解决这一问题,实现了TN脱除。考察了温度、DO、pH对短程硝化影响。结果表明,在DO质量浓度为1.0～1.5 mg/L、温度在30～35℃、pH 7.5～8.0,系统能够进行稳定短程硝化反硝化。     

焦化废水生物处理技术的发展

焦化废水是一种氨氮和有机物浓度较高的难生化降解的有机废水.随着排放指标的日益严格,出现了很多焦化废水处理技术,而焦化废水生物处理技术的发展是其中一个非常重要的方面,主要包括传统活性污泥法、生物脱氮缺氧/好氧法等.本文系统分析了近年来国内外在焦化废水生物处理技术的研究进展,并简要介绍了国内外一些生物处理新技术,包括以活性污泥法为基础的序批式反应器(SBR)工艺、生物强化技术、同步硝化-反硝化工艺及短程硝化-反硝化工艺等.     

A/O生化工艺在焦化废水处理中的应用

通过对平煤天宏焦化公司原生物好氧脱酚、脱氰废水工艺改造为A/O生化处理废水工艺后,出水水质各项指标均达到国家《废水综合排放标准》（GB8978-1996）中规定的一级排放标准。同时对焦化废水处理工艺、设备选型及工艺参数等方面进行了调整、改进,也为其他同行处理焦化废水的工艺设计和运行提供了借鉴。     

A/O生物脱氮工艺的应用

介绍了A/O法生物脱氮工艺的特点,分析了焦化废水处理过程中进水水质、废水温度、溶解氧和pH值等对A/O生物脱氮工艺的影响。经生产调试和优化操作,系统运行稳定,各项参数指标控制在工艺要求范围内,出水酚≤0.3mg/L、氰≤0.2mg/L、COD≤50mg/L、氨氮≤8mg/L,达到国家排放标准。     

焦化废水脱氮处理中用石灰水代替纯碱实验研究

采用A/O法处理焦化废水,由于硝化反应释放H+使水质pH值降低,因此工艺要求需要消耗大量的纯碱。为了降低运行成本,采用小型动态实验,模拟曝气池的运行条件,将石灰水代替纯碱以中和水质。实验结果表明:利用石灰水中和,废水处理达到了良好的效果,同时每日可节约1000元的化工原料费用,年创利润36万元。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。