酿酒酵母代谢木糖工程菌的构建

通过PCR方法从休哈塔假丝酵母基因组DNA中克隆得到木糖还原酶(XR)基因XYL1和木糖醇脱氢酶(XDH)基因XYL2,将其分别连接到酵母表达载体pYES2上,得到重组表达载体pYES2-XYL1和pYES2-XYL2,从pYES2-XYL1上克隆得到含半乳糖启动子的XYL1,将其连接到pYES2-XYL2序列的下游,得到重组表达载体pYES2-XYL1-XYL2,通过电转化方法将pYES2-XYL1-XYL2转入酿酒酵母宿主菌INVSc1。在初始pH为5.5,温度为33℃,前5h转速为150r/min,后变为50r/min的条件下,乙醇产量为33.45g/L。     

稳定高效表达木糖还原酶基因工业酿酒酵母的构建及木糖醇发酵的初步研究

将树干毕赤氏酵母(Pichia stipitis)木糖还原酶基因XYL1连接到适用于酿酒酵母工业菌株的多拷贝整合载体pYMIKP中,构建得到表达质粒pYMIKP-XYL1,转化酿酒酵母工业菌株Saccharomyces cerevisiae6508。在G418平板上筛选转化子,得到含高拷贝木糖还原酶基因的酿酒酵母重组菌株XGH2,,该菌株的木糖还原酶比活力为0.8 U/mg(蛋白),比出发菌株提高了80倍以上,表明外源基因在工业菌株中实现了高效表达。摇瓶发酵结果显示,重组菌株XGH2木糖消耗为27.9 g/L,木糖消耗率为51%;木糖醇产量为30.2 g/L,木糖醇的转化率大于1.0 g/g木糖。     

Cloning and Expression of AROIO Gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and It＇ s Influence on 3- （methylthio） -1-propanol Biosynthetic Metabolism

研究了脱羧酶ARO10基因克隆与过量表达对酿酒酵母INVSc1 3-甲硫基丙醇合成途径的代谢流量影响。将脱羧酶基因ARO10与穿梭质粒pYES2连接,构建其酿酒酵母表达质粒（载体）pYES2-ARO10,LiAc/SSD-NA/PEG方法转化酿酒酵母菌株INVSc1中进行表达,验证ARO10基因过量表达对发酵产物3-甲硫基丙醇影响。结果表明,构建的酿酒酵母转化子SC10-1发酵120 h时,3-甲硫基丙醇生成量达到0.90 g/L,与未导入脱羧酶ARO10基因的对照菌株相比,3-甲硫基丙醇产量提高55.2%。因此,S.cerevisiae s288c中脱羧酶（EC 4.1.1.72）是3-甲硫基丙醇生物合成途径的关键限速酶,其增强脱羧酶基因ARO10的克隆及基因表达,有利于提高3-甲硫基丙醇的合成代谢流量。     

木糖发酵酵母Pichia stipitis木糖还原酶基因XYL1在酿酒酵母中的表达

通过PCR方法克隆得到树干毕赤氏酵母木糖还原酶 (XR)基因XYL1。将该基因连入酵母表达载体pYX2 12的强启动子磷酸丙糖异构酶 (TPI)启动子下 ,得到融合表达载体pYX XYL1。通过电转化方法将 pYX XYL1转入酿酒酵母SaccharonmycescerevisiaeW 30 3-1A中 ,酶活测定表明 ,在酿酒酵母中树干毕赤氏酵母木糖还原酶 (XR)基因XYL1得到活性表达 ,2酿酒酵母转化子粗酶液中木糖还原酶活分别为 0 .89U/mg(蛋白 )和 0 .83U/mg(蛋白 ) ,为供体菌的 1 5倍多。与基因供体菌不同 ,木糖还原酶基因在酿酒酵母中表达不需木糖诱导 ,为组成型表达。树干毕赤氏酵母木糖还原酶 (XR)基因XYL1的成功表达为后续的利用木糖的酿酒酵母菌株的构建奠定了基础     

高效表达木糖醇脱氢酶基因酿酒酵母的构建及木酮糖发酵的初步研究

通过RT-PCR方法克隆得到Candida tropicalis木糖醇脱氢酶基因xyl2,将该基因连入酵母表达载体pYES2的诱导型启动子GAL1下,构建表达质粒pYES2-xyl2;同时用从Pichia pastoris中克隆获取的甘油醛磷酸脱氢酶基因GAP换下GAL1基因,构建含组成型启动子GAP基因的表达质粒pYES2-GAP-xyl2;通过电转化法将其依次转入酿酒酵母S.cerevisiae INVSc1,山梨醇培养基上筛选的转化子经木糖醇梯度驯化培养,筛选出1株耐木糖醇浓度为20%的酿酒酵母重组菌株ZCX4和1株在半乳糖诱导下耐木糖醇浓度为15%的重组菌株YDX2。酶活测定表明,重组菌株ZCX4比酶活0.621 U/mg(蛋白),是YDX2比酶活的2.29倍。摇瓶发酵结果显示,重组菌株ZCX4木糖醇消耗76.46 g/L,木糖醇消耗率为76.46%,是重组菌株YDX2木糖醇消耗率的1.63倍,说明木糖醇脱氢酶实现了高效表达。     

ARO10基因在Saccharomyces cerevisiae中的克隆表达及其对3-甲硫基丙醇合成代谢的影响

研究了脱羧酶ARO10基因克隆与过量表达对酿酒酵母INVSc1 3-甲硫基丙醇合成途径的代谢流量影响。将脱羧酶基因ARO10与穿梭质粒pYES2连接,构建其酿酒酵母表达质粒(载体)pYES2-ARO10,LiAc/SSD-NA/PEG方法转化酿酒酵母菌株INVSc1中进行表达,验证ARO10基因过量表达对发酵产物3-甲硫基丙醇影响。结果表明,构建的酿酒酵母转化子SC10-1发酵120 h时,3-甲硫基丙醇生成量达到0.90 g/L,与未导入脱羧酶ARO10基因的对照菌株相比,3-甲硫基丙醇产量提高55.2%。因此,S.cerevisiae s288c中脱羧酶(EC 4.1.1.72)是3-甲硫基丙醇生物合成途径的关键限速酶,其增强脱羧酶基因ARO10的克隆及基因表达,有利于提高3-甲硫基丙醇的合成代谢流量。     

热带假丝酵母木糖还原酶在酿酒酵母细胞表面展示

利用酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)表面展示系统,将来源于热带假丝酵母(Candida tropicalis)的木糖还原酶基因xyl1嵌入带有His-Tag的酿酒酵母α-凝集素展示载体pICAS-His,构建重组质粒pICAS- His-Ctxyl1,并转化到酿酒酵母宿主菌酿酒酵母MT8—1,通过流式细胞仪快速检测和筛选,得到重组菌株MT8- 1/pICAS-His—Ctxyl1。将重组酵母用于葡萄糖(15g/L)和木糖(5g/L)的混合糖发酵研究,结果表明,重组酿酒酵母MT8/1/pICAS-His—Ctxyl1细胞具有良好的生长和产酶特性,同时能转化木糖生产木糖醇,在培养基中2.5g/ L木糖转化生成2.5g/L木糖醇,转化率达98.7%。     

工业酿酒酵母木糖代谢途径的建立及酒精发酵初步研究

以酵母AS2.1190为出发菌株,把含有木糖还原酶基因(XYL1)、木糖醇脱氢酶基因(XYL2)以及木酮糖激酶基因(XKS1)的质粒载体pYMIKP-xy127线性化后多拷贝整合进入其基因组,筛选得到基因工程菌株GZ4-127,并对此工程菌株进行葡萄糖、木糖共发酵试验.结果显示GZ4-127比出发菌株的菌体密度提高5%,木糖消耗提高2倍,酒精产率提高12%,说明工程菌已能够有效地利用木糖生产乙醇.     

Pichia stipitis木糖醇脱氢酶基因XYL2在酿酒酵母中的表达

通过PCR方法克隆得到树干毕赤氏酵母木糖醇脱氢酶(XDH)基因XYL2.将该基因连入酵母表达载体pYX212的强启动子磷酸丙糖异构酶(TPI)启动子下,得到融合表达载体pYX-XYL2.通过电转化方法将pYX-XYL2转入酿酒酵母Saccharomyces cerevisiae W303-1A中,酶活测定表明在酿酒酵母中树干毕赤氏酵母木糖醇脱氢酶基因XYL2得到活性表达,酿酒酵母转化子粗酶液中木糖醇脱氢酶比活为每毫克蛋白0.6 U左右,约为供体菌的2.4倍.与基因供体菌不同,木糖醇脱氢酶基因在酿酒酵母中表达不需木糖诱导,为组成型表达.     

不依赖IPTG诱导产木糖醇大肠杆菌工程菌的构建

该研究采用分子生物学技术构建不依赖异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷（IPTG）诱导产木糖醇的大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）工程菌,并研究启动子、质粒拷贝数、诱导剂IPTG的添加、基因xylA和xylB的敲除以及木糖含量对工程菌发酵产木糖醇的影响。结果表明,当转速为200 r/min时,E. coli AI07/pWYZ-1（启动子为lacP）的木糖醇产量是E. coli AI07/pAGI02（启动子为pflB-p6）的1.8倍;E. coli AI07/pWYZ-2（中拷贝质粒pBR322）的木糖醇产量高于E. coli AI07/pWYZ-1（高拷贝质粒pUC19）,分别为19.56 g/L、7.90 g/L;是否添加诱导剂IPTG对E. coli AI07/pWYZ-2产木糖醇影响不大,且在发酵96 h时,木糖醇产量极显著高于E. coli AI05/pWYZ-2（P＜0.01）,其在不添加IPTG的条件下,当木糖初始质量浓度为80 g/L,发酵时间为108 h时,木糖醇产量达48.7 g/L。     

Endogenous NADPH-dependent aldose reductase activity influences product formation during xylose consumption in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Introduction of the xylose pathway from Pichia stipitis into Saccharomyces cerevisiae enables xylose utilization in recombinant S. cerevisiae. However, xylitol is a major by-product. An endogenous aldo-keto reductase, encoded by the GRE3 gene, was expressed at different levels in recombinant S. cerevisiae strains to investigate its effect on xylose utilization. In a recombinant S. cerevisiae strain producing only xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH) from P. stipitis and an extra copy of the endogenous xylulokinase (XK), ethanol formation from xylose was mediated by Gre3p, capable of reducing xylose to xylitol. When the GRE3 gene was overexpressed in this strain, the xylose consumption and ethanol formation increased by 29% and 116%, respectively. When the GRE3 gene was deleted in the recombinant xylose-fermenting S. cerevisiae strain TMB3001 (which possesses xylose reductase and XDH from P. stipitis, and an extra copy of endogenous XK), the xylitol yield decreased by 49% and the ethanol yield increased by 19% in anaerobic continuous culture with a glucose/xylose mixture. Biomass was reduced by 31% in strains where GRE3 was deleted, suggesting that fine-tuning of GRE3 expression is the preferred choice rather than deletion.     

Putative xylose and arabinose reductases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants, in which open reading frames (ORFs) displaying similarity to the aldo-keto reductase GRE3 gene have been deleted, were investigated regarding their ability to utilize xylose and arabinose. Reduced xylitol formation from D-xylose in gre3 mutants of S. cerevisiae suggests that Gre3p is the major D-xylose-reducing enzyme in S. cerevisiae. Cell extracts from the gre3 deletion mutant showed no detectable xylose reductase activity. Decreased arabitol formation from L-arabinose indicates that Gre3p, Ypr1p and the protein encoded by YJR096w are the major arabinose reducers in S. cerevisiae. The ypr1 deletion mutant showed the lowest specific L-arabinose reductase activity in cell extracts, 3.5 mU/mg protein compared with 7.4 mU/mg protein for the parental strain with no deletions, and the lowest rate of arabitol formation in vivo. In another set of S. cerevisiae strains, the same ORFs were overexpressed. Increased xylose and arabinose reductase activity was observed in cell extracts for S. cerevisiae overexpressing the GRE3, YPR1 and YJR096w genes. These results, in combination with those obtained with the deletion mutants, suggest that Gre3p, Ypr1p and the protein encoded by YJR096w are capable of xylose and arabinose reduction in S. cerevisiae. Both the D-xylose reductase and the L-arabinose reductase activities exclusively used NADPH as co-factor.