传统发酵牦牛酸乳中高产胞外多糖乳酸菌的筛选与鉴定

目的:以四川红原、西藏羊八井地区传统牦牛酸乳中分离出的57株乳酸菌作为实验菌种,筛选出高产胞外多糖乳酸菌。方法:通过菌落拉丝法、硫酸-苯酚法的测定。结果:实验菌株胞外多糖产量在19.95⁹1.08μg/m L之间,其中菌株代号为32-2、67-1、41-1和27的胞外多糖产量较高,分别为91.08、89.76、87.22、87.40μg/m L。通过16S r DNA序列同源性鉴定表明代号32-2菌株鉴定为屎肠球菌（Enterococcus faecium）、代号67-1菌株为肠膜明串株菌肠膜亚种（Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp.mesenteroides）、代号41-1菌株为干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus casei）、代号27菌株为肠膜明串珠菌（Leuconostoc mesenteroides）。结论:为研究具有提高酸乳品质能力的发酵菌株提供依据。      

传统牦牛酸乳源乳酸菌的发酵性能研究

为了比较传统牦牛酸乳源乳酸菌的发酵性能,以商业发酵剂为对照,添加3株传统牦牛酸乳源乳酸菌制备酸乳,分析了对照组及试验组酸乳在贮藏期的滴定酸度、持水力、活菌数和感官品质的变化情况,并比较了各组酸乳的挥发性风味物质组成及含量。结果表明：Z3试验组的凝乳时间最短,为4.35 h;贮藏期各组酸乳的酸度变化范围为70～93°T,且均随着时间的延长而升高;Z1试验组贮藏期的持水力在60%～65%,为持水力最大的一组;Z3试验组酸乳中活菌数在贮藏期相比对照组增加了36.10%～62.13%,为所有试验组中增幅最大。风味物质测定结果显示：Z1、Z2、Z3试验组中酯类化合物的相对含量分别是对照组的1.90倍、1.42倍、1.38倍;Z3试验组中丁酸和辛酸的相对含量分别是对照组的3.12倍和1.52倍;Z1、Z2试验组中酮类的相对含量分别是对照组的1.37倍、1.79倍。本研究可为发酵菌株在酸乳中的应用提供参考。     

传统发酵牦牛酸乳中细菌素产生菌的筛选与鉴定

从西藏羊八井地区、云南香格里拉的传统牦牛酸乳中分离出26株乳酸菌,以枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌以及酿酒酵母为指示菌。采用牛津杯双层琼脂扩散法检测菌株的抑菌谱大小,并经过有机酸排除、过氧化氢排除、蛋白酶水解检测试验,最终筛选得到5株产细菌素的菌株,编号分别为3、23、24、21和25。通过微生物形态学与16SrDNA序列同源性分析,鉴定这些菌株分别为干酪乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌和乳酸乳球菌乳球亚种。抑菌谱试验表明,这些细菌素能够抑制部分食源性革兰氏阳性菌和阴性致病菌,对真菌无抑菌活性。     

内蒙古奶豆腐中潜在益生性乳酸菌的筛选

对从内蒙古奶豆腐中分离的16 株乳酸菌进行16S rDNA分子鉴定,其中9 株鉴定为乳酸片球菌、5 株为屎肠球菌、1 株为植物乳杆菌、1 株为鼠李糖乳杆菌。进一步对分离得到的菌株进行模拟人工胃液和胆盐耐受性、疏水性、体外降胆固醇和抗氧化特性研究。结果表明：植物乳杆菌M1-2和鼠李糖乳杆菌M6-1对模拟人工胃液有较高的耐受性;屎肠球菌M7-1、M8-1和M8-2具有较高的胆盐耐受性;植物乳杆菌M1-2和鼠李糖乳杆菌M6-1对甲苯和十六烷的疏水性显著高于其他菌株。体外功能性实验结果表明,屎肠球菌M1-1、植物乳杆菌M1-2、乳酸片球菌M1-3和M2-1的体外降胆固醇能力较高,胆固醇降解率均超过30%;鼠李糖乳杆菌M6-1对过氧化氢的耐受性、羟自由基（•OH）和1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基的清除能力最高。综上所述,植物乳杆菌M1-2和鼠李糖乳杆菌M6-1具有较好的益生特性,可作为今后开发功能性产品的潜在益生菌株。     

川西高原传统发酵牦牛酸乳中高产γ-氨基丁酸乳酸菌筛选及鉴定

为筛选高产γ-氨基丁酸(y-aminobutyric acid,GABA)的乳酸菌,以川西高原传统发酵牦牛乳中分离出的300株乳酸菌为研究对象,采用纸层析法和高效液相色谱法分别对其GABA生产能力进行定性和定量分析,对高产菌株进行体外耐受力实验和肠道黏附性实验,并确定优势菌株的种属.结果表明:300株待测菌株中,有24...     

牦牛酸乳中耐酸耐胆盐乳酸菌的分离筛选和鉴定

通过对青海地区采集的牦牛酸乳中乳酸菌的分离鉴定,共获得48株乳酸菌。以生长旺盛且可用于食品的11株乳酸菌为研究对象,进行人工胃液和胆盐耐受性评价。结果表明,有6株菌株在pH 3.00人工胃液中存活率50.00%,2株菌株在0.30%胆盐中生长率15%。其中鼠李糖乳杆菌2016SWU.05.0601为最佳抗性菌株,在人工胃液中存活率为119.53%,在0.30%胆盐中生长率为41.64%。     

益生性乳酸菌黏附性研究进展

综述了益生性乳酸菌的功能作用,及乳酸菌在人体肠道中的黏附、定居、抑菌等与人体肠道黏膜组成的主要化学成分的相关性。详述了近些年来有关乳酸菌之所以能在人体内定居的黏附性的研究,如黏附素、黏附受体、影响黏附素的影响因子等,以期有助于高黏附益生性乳酸菌株的选育及其益生菌制剂制备。     

牦牛酸乳中乳酸菌的研究进展及前景展望

牦牛酸乳是青藏高原特有的传统发酵乳制品,由于其营养价值丰富,越来越引起研究者和消费的关注。本研究综述了牦牛酸乳乳酸菌菌种的多样性以及乳酸菌菌种的分离、鉴定的几种主要方法,并介绍了牦牛酸乳中乳酸菌的益生特性和生产特性,同时分析了目前国内对乳酸菌研究中的不足,对今后进一步研究提出展望。     

产β-半乳糖苷酶乳酸菌的筛选及其益生性研究

分析比较了实验室保存的13株乳酸菌β-半乳糖苷酶的活性,并对β-半乳糖苷酶活性较高的菌株进行耐受性、疏水性及凝乳效果的测定。结果表明,德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种ML12-2-2和嗜热链球菌KC4的β-半乳糖苷酶活性较高,对酸和胆盐耐受性较好,对碳氢化合物也表现出很好的疏水性,同时对脱脂乳具有较好的凝乳性能。这两株菌种具有作为益生菌用于乳品发酵的潜力。     

具有抗氧化和抑菌能力的益生性乳酸菌筛选及鉴定

为筛选出具有抗氧化和抑菌能力的益生性乳酸菌菌株,对本实验室保存的18株乳酸菌进行耐酸耐胆盐、疏水性、自由基清除能力和抑菌能力分析,利用16S rDNA和管家基因pheS和rpoA序列同源性分析对筛选菌株进行鉴定。结果表明,菌株A1、A7、A13、A14、A15在pH 3.0时的存活率均大于70%,在牛胆盐质量分数为03%时的存活率均大于40%。菌株A15的产酸能力最强,24 h时的pH值为3.68。菌株A1、A7、A14、A15均具有高疏水性。菌株A15完整细胞悬液的羟自由基清除能力(39%)和DPPH自由基清除能力(51%)最强,菌株A14次之。此外,菌株A15对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的生长均有抑制作用。16S rDNA和管家基因pheS和rpoA序列同源性分析结果表明:A1为乳肠球菌、A7为副干酪乳杆菌、A14为副植物乳杆菌、A15为植物乳杆菌植物亚种,为开发新型营养健康乳酸菌发酵食品奠定基础。     

Rice yogurt with various beans fermented by lactic acid bacteria from kimchi

Food Science and Biotechnology - In this study, the rice yogurt with various beans was developed using a mixture of rice saccharification solution as an artificial sweetener substitute and bean...     

In vitro probiotic evaluation of potential antioxidant lactic acid bacteria isolated from idli batter fermented with Piper betle leaves

Lactic acid bacteria isolated from food sources can be introduced as probiotics because of their health‐promoting and nonpathogenic characteristics. Eight lactic acid bacteria from idli batter fermented with Piper betle leaves were selected to screen the antioxidant potential and biofilm‐forming ability. Five isolates exhibited good antioxidant potential and biofilm formation and showed antagonistic activity against the pathogenic biofilm‐forming Staphylococcus aureus. Further, in vitro probiotic properties of five isolates exhibited excellent acid tolerance, bile tolerance, simulated gastrointestinal juice tolerance, auto‐aggregation and co‐aggregation and hydrophobicity and showed resistance to antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, norfloxacin and colistin. Isolates also showed positive bile salt hydrolase activity, cholesterol assimilation, β‐galactosidase production and mucin binding ability. The isolate KJBB10 exhibited good adhesion and pathogen exclusion percentage with human colon cancer cells (HCT‐15 and HT‐29). Hence, the isolates KJBB10, KJBB56 and KJBC06 can be used as beneficial probiotic starter cultures for the formulation of functional foods.     

Screening of lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented table olives with probiotic potential

The aim of this work was to study the potential probiotic properties of lactobacilli associated with table olives. From a total of 111 isolates from spontaneously fermented green olive brines, 109 were identified at species level by multiplex PCR amplifications of the recA gene. One hundred and seven of these were identified as Lactobacillus pentosus, one as Lactobacillus plantarum, and another as Lactobacillus paraplantarum. Repetitive bacterial DNA element fingerprinting (rep-PCR) with GTG₅ primer revealed a higher variability within the L. pentosus isolates and nine different clusters were obtained. Most of them showed high autoaggregation ability, low hydrophobicity properties, and lower survival to gastric than to pancreatic digestion; however, no isolate showed bacteriocin, haemolytic or bile salt hydrolase activities. A multivariate analysis based on results from phenotypic tests led to the segregation of some L. pentosus isolates with promising potential probiotic characteristics, which are even better than probiotic reference strains. Due to the autochthonous origin of the strains, their use as starter cultures may contribute to improving natural fermentation and the nutritional characteristics of table olives.     

新疆喀什地区传统发酵酸乳中乳酸菌多样性的初步分析

为了对采自喀什地区的22个传统发酵酸乳样品的多样性进行研究,采用免培技术聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳(Polymerase Chain Reaction-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis,PCR-DGGE)结合传统培养分离方法对22个酸乳样品进行研究。结果表明:用传统方法分离得到7种乳酸菌,其中德氏乳杆菌(L.delbrueckii subsp)为优势菌群。对采用PCR-DGGE方法得到的4条条带进行序列比对,结果表明瑞士乳杆菌(Lactobacillus.helveticus)的丰度最高,是酸乳样品中的优势菌群,次优势菌分别为德氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus.delbrueckii subsp)、德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种(Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.bulgaricus)和嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus)。传统分离法与PCR-DGGE技术结合能够更有效、更全面地分析传统乳制品中微生物的多样性及优势菌。     

In vitro testing of commercial and potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria

Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host. The objective of this study was to investigate the diversity of selected commercial and potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria using common in vitro screening assays such as transit tolerance in the upper human gastrointestinal tract, adhesion capacity to human intestinal cell lines and effect on epithelial barrier function. The selected bacteria include strains of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus pentosus, Lactobacillus farciminis, Lactobacillus sakei, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus reuteri and Pediococcus pentosaceus. Viable counts after simulated gastric transit tolerance showed that L. reuteri strains and P. pentosaceus tolerate gastric juice well, with no reduction of viability, whereas L. pentosus, L. farciminis and L. sakei strains lost viability over 180min. All strains tested tolerate the simulated small intestinal juice well. The bacterial adhesion capacity to human intestinal cells revealed major species and strain differences. Overall, L. plantarum MF1298 and three L. reuteri strains had a significant higher adhesion capacity compared to the other strains tested. All strains, both living and UV-inactivated, had little effect on the epithelial barrier function. However, living L. reuteri strains revealed a tendency to increase the transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) from 6 to 24h. This work demonstrates the diversity of 18 potential probiotic bacteria, with major species and strain specific effects in the in vitro screening assays applied. Overall, L. reuteri strains reveal some interesting characteristics compared to the other strains investigated.     

分离自传统发酵肉制品乳酸菌的发酵特性研究

对分离自传统发酵肉制品的植物乳杆菌(La04)和米酒乳杆菌(La22)的特性进行了研究.结果表明:两株菌均有良好的生长特性、产酸能力、耐盐能力和抑菌性能,具有分解亚硝酸盐的能力,但无蛋白质分解能力.最适生长温度为32～35℃,最适pH为5.5～7.5,具备作为肉用发酵剂的优良特性.     

In vitro evaluation of probiotic lactic acid bacteria isolated from dairy and non-dairy environments

Four strains and 2 strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from the commercial yogurt and kimchi products in Korea, respectively. Based on the 16S rRNA sequencing data, strain A from a drink-type yogurt manufactured by dairy company S, was a Gram-positive, rod-shaped Lactobacillus helveticus, and both strain B (company N) and D (company H) were identified as L. casei ssp. casei, and strain C (company L) as L. paracasei. None of yogurt strain B and D was recovered from the samples exposed to the simulated gastric juice, pH 2.0 for 1.5 hr. Of the 6 isolates tested, strain YS93 from kimchi was the most resistant to acidic condition using the simulated gastric juice, pH 2.0. Moreover, it was shown that 2 kimchi isolates and yogurt strain D produced antibacterial substances, probably bacteriocin-like peptide, which was inhibitory against Staphylococcus aureus as an indicator. In an adhesion assay using a Caco-2 cell, the adherence activity of kimchi strains YS29 and YS93 was significantly higher than those of 4 yogurt starter strains tested.     

传统牦牛酸奶中产细菌素乳酸菌的筛选及鉴定

采用溶钙圈法对来自青海海南藏族自治区、四川阿坝、甘孜理塘的牦牛酸奶样品的菌株进行分离筛选,采用形态学观察和16S rRNA序列分析进行鉴定;测定筛选菌株上清液对金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus）、大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）抑菌活性;考察筛选菌株上清液对蛋白酶的耐受性及对抗生素的敏感性,并确定细菌素种类。结果表明,共分离筛选出6株菌（编号为A1～A2及G1～G4）,其中菌株A1～A2被鉴定为嗜热链球菌（Streptococcus thermophilus）,菌株G1～G4被鉴定为屎肠球菌（Enterococcus faecium）;菌株G3对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌的抑菌圈直径＞20 mm,且对蛋白酶不耐受,表明该菌株产细菌素,对常见抗生素敏感,经细菌素基因鉴定证实,该菌株产肠球菌素A和肠球菌素P。综上,菌株G3可作为产细菌素益生菌的候选菌株。     

甘肃甘孜地区牧民家庭制作发酵乳中乳酸菌的分离及筛选

从甘肃甘孜地区传统发酵乳中采用稀释涂布、划线分离的方法分离得到55株乳酸菌,通过一级筛选:传代试验、凝乳时间、酸奶酸度、质构、保水率及凝乳时风味的感官评价,筛选出8株风味独特、凝乳时间短、遗传性状稳定的乳酸菌。通过二级筛选:后酸化能力、产乙醛能力、产双乙酰能力、冷藏过程中活菌数、耐酸、耐胆盐能力和抑菌能力,最后筛选出优良乳酸菌杆菌两株、球菌两株可作为发酵剂用于酸乳的生产。