2012年北京市顺义区常住人口麻疹抗体水平的调查分析

目的了解北京市顺义区常住人口麻疹抗体水平。方法选择2012年在北京市顺义区连续居住6个月以上的11个年龄组人群作为调查对象,共243名。采用调查问卷,收集调查对象的人口学特征、麻疹患病史、含麻疹成分疫苗免疫史,并采用ELISA法检测研究对象麻疹抗体水平。结果调查对象麻疹抗体阳性率为83.13%(202/243),抗体水平中位数为939.23 IU/L。男性与女性的麻疹抗体阳性率、抗体水平以及本市人口与流动人口麻疹抗体阳性率、抗体水平差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05);有免疫史者与无免疫史者和免疫史不详者间,麻疹抗体阳性率及抗体水平差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05),有免疫史者抗体水平高于无免疫史者和免疫史不详者。本市和流动人口麻疹抗体阳性率均以8~11月龄最低,分别为37.50%、14.29%;均以0~7月龄、1~4岁、5~9岁、35~39岁组最高,为100%,其中15~19、20~24、25~29和30~34岁组流动人口麻疹抗体阳性率均高于本市人口,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。本市和流动人口麻疹抗体水平中位数均以0~7月龄最低,分别为72.51、96.07 IU/L;最高的年龄组本市人口为8~11月龄(3 940.12 IU/L),流动人口为30~34岁组(3 661.33 IU/L),其中25~29、30~34、35~39岁组流动人口麻疹抗体水平中位数高于本市人口,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05),1~4岁组本市人口麻疹抗体水平中位数高于流动人口,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。本市和流动人口共调查≤14岁儿童93名,81.72%的人曾接种过含麻疹成分疫苗,接种1、2、3剂次及以上疫苗的人群,麻疹抗体阳性率在92.61%~100%之间,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),抗体水平中位数差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。但本市儿童不同免疫剂次间麻疹抗体阳性率、抗体水平中位数差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论北京市顺义区常住人口中,1~9岁儿童麻疹抗体水平较高,发生大范围麻疹暴发和流行的风险较小,1岁婴儿麻疹抗体水平有待进一步提高,应进一步探索本市15岁以上年龄组免疫策略,以降低该人群发病风险。     

上海市宝山区健康人群麻疹、风疹、流行性腮腺炎抗体水平监测

目的对上海市宝山区健康人群的麻疹、风疹、流行性腮腺炎(以下简称腮腺炎)抗体水平进行监测,为进一步控制相应疾病提供依据。方法采用多阶段抽样法,抽取4家社区作为监测现场,在本市和外来户籍人群中随机抽取12个年龄组共363人作为监测对象,检测麻疹、风疹和腮腺炎Ig G抗体水平。结果 363名监测对象中,麻疹、风疹、腮腺炎抗体总阳性率分别为84.08%、71.63%和67.49%,抗体几何平均浓度(geometric mean concentration,GMC)分别为469.21 m IU/mL、27.73 IU/mL和152.28 U/mL。本市及外来户籍人群的麻疹类疫苗免疫史及抗体水平间差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。各年龄组的麻疹保护性抗体阳性率及腮腺炎、风疹的抗体阳性率差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。未及龄儿童抗体水平最低,接种疫苗后几年内麻疹抗体水平均较高,随着年龄增长成年人抗体水平下降之后复升。腮腺炎和风疹抗体均以成年人抗体水平较高。结论目前本区人群中对相应疾病已建立一定的免疫屏障,但应进一步加强成人麻腮风疫苗的接种工作,尤其重视对育龄妇女的疫苗接种,以提高人群免疫力,有助于减少麻疹的两个高发人群,利于控制腮腺炎、风疹的发病。     

上海市松江区健康人群麻疹、风疹、流行性腮腺炎抗体水平的监测

目的对上海市松江区健康人群麻疹、风疹、流行性腮腺炎抗体水平进行监测,为控制相应疾病,完善免疫策略提供依据。方法采用多阶段抽样法,在松江区15个镇/街道中随机抽取泗泾镇和新浜镇2个镇作为监测现场,采用分层随机抽样法,在被抽中的泗泾镇及新浜镇的本市和外来户籍人群中随机抽取8月龄~40岁共9个年龄组的健康人群作为免疫水平监测对象,依据知情同意的原则,共抽取360人静脉血各3 ml,采用ELISA试剂盒定量检测麻疹、风疹和腮腺炎Ig G抗体水平,同时开展含麻疹成份疫苗(measles-containing vaccine,MCV)免疫史的调查。结果 360名监测对象中,不同户籍、男女构成及各年龄组的人数差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹抗体阳性率分别为96.94%、86.39%和93.61%,抗体几何平均浓度(geometric mean concentration,GMC)分别为1 152.23 m IU/ml及375.36和157.23 IU/ml。本市及外来户籍人群的麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹疫苗免疫史及抗体水平间差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。各年龄组的麻疹保护性抗体阳性率及腮腺炎和风疹的抗体阳性率差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论上海现行的麻疹腮腺炎风疹联合减毒活疫苗(MMR)免疫程序有效、合理,既有助于消除麻疹,又有利于控制腮腺炎、风疹发病;拟对成年人群的不同对象开展MMR的补充免疫活动,以提高人群免疫力,减少相关疾病的发病。     

北京市通州区0～19岁健康人群流行性腮腺炎抗体水平分析

目的分析北京市通州区健康人群流行性腮腺炎(简称流腮)抗体水平,为流腮的防控提供科学依据。方法采用随机抽样的原则抽取通州区10个居委会作为调查点,选择在当地连续居住6个月以上的0～19岁健康人群为调查对象,通过问卷调查、查阅预防接种证和北京市免疫规划信息管理系统收集研究对象基本信息和疫苗免疫史,采用ELISA法检测血清流腮IgG抗体。结果共调查481人,总流腮IgG抗体阳性率为65. 70%(316/481),浓度中位数为50. 02 IU/L,各年龄组抗体阳性率在4. 95%～91. 2%之间,浓度中位数在3. 51～109. 47 IU/L之间。抗体水平最低的为0～8月组,最高为5～9岁组,抗体水平呈先升高后降低的趋势。不同年龄间抗体水平差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。有免疫史人群抗体水平高于无免疫史人群(P 0. 05)。结论北京市通州区18月～15岁人群流腮抗体水平较高,需重点关注15岁以上人群,推荐在高中时期加强接种1剂流腮疫苗。     

深圳市福田区健康人群风疹抗体水平及疫苗免疫效果观察

目的了解福田区健康人群风疹抗体水平和风疹疫苗(RM)的免疫效果。方法对部分健康人群及接种风疹疫苗的婴儿采用ELISA检测风疹IgG抗体。结果433人中抗体阳性328人,阳性率75.8%,几何平均滴度(GMT)1∶40.1。以2～20岁抗体阳性率最高(88.5%～95.5%)。接种风疹疫苗的1岁儿童56人,免疫成功率为94.6%。结论风疹疫苗具有良好的免疫效果。     

扩大免疫对福建省人群风疹病毒抗体水平分布的影响

目的 在不同时期开展人群风疹病毒抗体水平监测,以评估风疹疫苗纳入扩大免疫策略的实施效果。方法 在2009、2011和2019年分别按分层随机抽样原则,调查福建省0～60岁一般人群,并采集静脉血标本。采用定量ELISA法检测风疹病毒IgG抗体水平,分析比较不同时期人群风疹病毒抗体水平的分布特征变化。结果 2009、2011和2019年人群风疹病毒IgG抗体阳性率分别为64.16%、68.00%和70.10%,抗体几何平均浓度（geometric mean concentration,GMC）分别为20.97、28.72和27.91 IU/mL。实施扩大免疫11年后的2019年,人群风疹病毒抗体水平已较2009年显著提高（Z=2.91,P <0.01）,尤其是8月龄～10岁扩大免疫服务对象含风疹疫苗（rubella-containing vaccine,RCV）接种率达95.22%,抗体阳性率达79.39%,GMC为36.98(95%CI:35.51～38.50)IU/mL,显著高于2009年同一年龄组[64.68%和21.21(95%CI:19.07～23.54)IU/mL]（χ2...     

上海市浦东新区白血病儿童麻疹、风疹、流行性腮腺炎抗体水平分析

目的分析白血病患儿麻疹、风疹和流行性腮腺炎抗体水平的变化,评估该人群接种疫苗的必要性。方法选取2016年7月~2017年7月,上海交通大学医学院附属上海儿童医学中心,临床诊断为白血病的191名患儿,年龄18岁及以下,至少接受1次完整放化疗治疗,并曾接种过1剂以上麻疹类疫苗或患过麻疹者,作为病例组;同时选取无麻疹疫苗接种史,年龄相差1岁内,同一医院不同科室的191名患儿,作为无免疫史对照组,选取2016年上海市1~19岁健康人群监测对象360名,作为健康对照组。采集静脉血3 m L,分离血清,应用定量ELISA法检测麻疹、风疹、流行性腮腺炎IgG抗体水平。结果病例组患儿麻疹、风疹和流行性腮腺炎抗体阳性率分别为89.5%、74.3%和80.1%,明显高于无免疫史对照组(χ~2分别为52.76、30.76和26.49,P均0.05);明显低于健康对照组,其中麻疹和风疹抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ~2分别为9.34和5.12,P均0.05),而流行性腮腺炎抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.90,P0.05)。结论放疗或化疗对于白血病患儿抗体有一定的消减作用,建议此类特殊人群在专家评估后进行疫苗再接种,从而提高相关传染病的免疫力。     

贵阳市云岩区适龄儿童常规疫苗接种率及免疫效果评价

目的评价2014年贵州省贵阳市云岩区适龄儿童常规疫苗接种率及接种疫苗后的免疫效果。方法抽取云岩区15个社区卫生服务中心(镇卫生院)接种疫苗的2~6岁儿童995名,采集手指或耳垂血,ELISA法检测脊髓灰质炎、麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹、甲型肝炎、乙型脑炎抗体,资料统计分析采用χ2检验。结果 995名调查对象中,除2人未接种腮腺炎疫苗,1人未接种甲型肝炎疫苗外,6种疫苗合格接种率均高于95%,抗体总体阳性率均高于98%;不同性别人群6种抗体阳性率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);接种脊髓灰质炎、甲型肝炎、乙型脑炎灭活疫苗与减毒活疫苗的抗体阳性率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论保持疫苗高接种率及高免疫成功率,是疫苗可预防传染病发病率保持在一个较低水平的关键环节。     

国产冻干麻疹腮腺炎风疹联合减毒活疫苗的接种反应和免疫原性观察

目的观察冻干麻疹腮腺炎风疹联合减毒活疫苗的接种反应和免疫原性。方法分Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期进行,分别选择7～15岁和8～18月龄儿童接种国产MMR疫苗,同时设进口MMR疫苗、单价麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹疫苗对照,进行接种反应和免疫原性观察。结果Ⅰ期7～15岁接种国产MMR疫苗的11人中,仅3人发生局部弱反应,反应率为27.3%;8～11月龄接种国产MMR疫苗的26人中,发热率和皮疹反应率分别为11.5%、15.4%,其中高热率为3.8%。Ⅱ、Ⅲ期观察的1188名8～18月龄儿童中,接种国产MMR疫苗发热率为10.69%,皮疹反应率为3.64%,局部反应率为0.44%,其他反应率为0.22%。与对照疫苗比较,仅发热率高于腮腺炎疫苗及风疹疫苗,且差异有统计学意义,其他反应差异均无统计学意义。接种国产MMR疫苗后,麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹HI抗体阳转率和抗体GMT分别为99.5%、85.9%、100%和1∶57、1∶4.2、1∶890。与对照疫苗比较,麻疹抗体GMT国产MMR疫苗高于进口MMR疫苗和麻疹疫苗,抗体阳转率国产MMR疫苗高于进口MMR疫苗,且差异有统计学意义;腮腺炎抗体GMT国产MMR疫苗低于进口MMR疫苗,且差异有统计学意义,其他各疫苗组差异均无统计学意义。结论国产MMR疫苗具有良好的安全性和免疫原性。     

风疹和麻疹疫苗同时或分别接种的免疫效果

风疹和麻疹疫苗同时或分别接种8～11月龄婴儿，并对免疫效果进行比较，结果同时接种与分别接种的婴儿风疹或麻疹抗体阳转率及GMT差异均无显著意义，表明此两种疫苗可以同时接种。     

Comparison of taurine,GABA, Glu,and Asp as scavengers of malondialdehyde in vitro and in vivo

The purpose of this study is to determine if amino acid neurotransmitters such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), taurine, glutamate (Glu), and aspartate (Asp) can scavenge activated carbonyl toxicants. In vitro, direct reaction between malondialdehyde (MDA) and amino acids was researched using different analytical methods. The results indicated that scavenging activated carbonyl function of taurine and GABA is very strong and that of Glu and Asp is very weak in pathophysiological situations. The results provided perspective into the reaction mechanism of taurine and GABA as targets of activated carbonyl such as MDA in protecting nerve terminals. In vivo, we studied the effect of taurine and GABA as antioxidants by detecting MDA concentration and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities. It was shown that MDA concentration was decreased significantly, and the activities of SOD and GSH-Px were increased significantly in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of acute epileptic state rats, after the administration of taurine and GABA. The results indicated that the peripherally administered taurine and GABA can scavenge free radicals and protect the tissue against activated carbonyl in vivo and in vitro.     

教育是基础 实践是关键

德育工作就是通过引导人们对自己行为的自觉性认识来培养其自律意识,将社会的思想道德要求转化为人们的内在需要,形成正确的价值观念和道德品质,进而规范自己的行为.但事实上,德育工作要取得成效,仅靠人们的自律是不够的,还必须依靠管理、法律等他律手段. 高尚思想道德的培养,不仅要靠耐心细致的思想教育,还要靠科学规范的严格管理.二者相辅相成,缺一不可.把社会主义的思想道德融于科学有效的管理之中,把自律和他律、内在约束和外在约束、教育和管理、提倡和禁止有机结合起来,这才是提高德育工作实效和水平的重要途径.     

Myristicin,safrole, and fagaramide as phytosynergists of xanthotoxin

The methylenedioxyphenyl-containing (MDP) inhibitors of mixed-function oxidase detoxification enzymes, myristicin, safrole, fagaramide, and isosafrole, occur with xanthotoxin or other toxic furanocoumarins in plants of the families Umbelliferae and Rutaceae. All four MDP compounds have a synergistic effect on the toxicity of xanthotoxin toHeliothis zea. Myristicin also increased the phototoxicity of xanthotoxin in the presence of UV light. The term phytosynergist is used to describe plant compounds that are present at concentrations producing no toxic effect by themselves but have a synergistic effect on cooccurring toxins.Taken in part from a thesis submitted to the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, June 1987.     

Toll-Like Receptor and Accessory Molecule mRNA Expression in Humans and Mice as Well as in Murine Autoimmunity,Transient Inflammation,and Progressive Fibrosis

The cell type-, organ-, and species-specific expression of the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are well described, but little is known about the respective expression profiles of their accessory molecules. We therefore determined the mRNA expression levels of LBP, MD2, CD36, CD14, granulin, HMGB1, LL37, GRP94, UNC93b1, TRIL, PRAT4A, AP3B1, AEP and the respective TLRs in human and mouse solid organs. Humans and mice displayed significant differences between their respective mRNA expression patterns of these factors. In addition, the expression profiles in transient tissue inflammation upon renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, in spleens and kidneys from mice with lupus-like systemic autoimmunity, and in progressive tissue fibrosis upon unilateral ureteral obstruction were studied. Several TLR co-factors were specifically regulated during the different phases of these disease entities, suggesting a functional involvement in the disease process. Thus, the organ- and species-specific expression patterns need to be considered in the design and interpretation of studies related to TLR-mediated innate immunity, which seems to be involved in the tissue injury phase, in the phase of tissue regeneration, and in progressive tissue remodelling.     

Polyisobutylene-block-polyoxyethylene-block-polyisobutylene as stabilizer in aqueous polymerization of styrene,methyl methacrylate,and vinyl acetate

Amphipathic triblock copolymers of polyisobutylene-block-polyoxy-ethylene-block-polyisobutylene were synthesized by a coupling technique. Seven triblock copolymers were prepared by varying their hydrophobic and hydrophilic chain lengths. The stabilizing effectiveness of these polymeric surfactants was studied as a function of structural variations of the block copolymers in aqueous polymerizations of styrene, methyl methacrylate, and vinyl acetate.     

Design,Synthesis, Structure-Activity Relationship and Docking Studies of Novel Functionalized Arylvinyl-1,2,4-Trioxanes as Potent Antiplasmodial as well as Anticancer Agents

A novel series of synthetic functionalized arylvinyl-1,2,4-trioxanes ( 8 a – p ) has been prepared and assessed for their in vitro antiplasmodial activity against the chloroquine-resistant Pf INDO strain of Plasmodium falciparum by using a SYBR green-I fluorescence assay. Compounds 8 g (IC₅₀=0.051 μM; SI=589.41) and 8 m (IC₅₀=0.059 μM; SI=55.93) showed 11-fold and >9-fold more potent antiplasmodial activity, respectively, as compared to chloroquine (IC₅₀=0.546 μM; SI=36.63). Different in silico docking studies performed on many target proteins revealed that the most active arylvinyl-1,2,4-trioxanes ( 8 g and 8 m ) showed dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) binding affinities on a par with those of chloroquine and artesunate. The in vitro cytotoxic potentials of 8 a – p were also evaluated against human lung (A549) and liver (HepG2) cancer cell lines along with immortalized normal lung (BEAS-2B) and liver (LO2) cell lines. Following screening, five derivatives viz. 8 a , 8 h , 8 l , 8 m and 8 o (IC₅₀=1.65–31.7 μM; SI=1.08–10.96) were found to show potent cytotoxic activity against (A549) lung cancer cell lines, with selectivity superior to that of the reference compounds artemisinin (IC₅₀=100 μM), chloroquine (IC₅₀=100 μM) and artesunic acid (IC₅₀=9.85 μM; SI=0.76). In fact, the most active 4-naphthyl-substituted analogue 8 l (IC₅₀=1.65 μM; SI >10) exhibited >60 times more cytotoxicity than the standard reference, artemisinin, against A549 lung cancer cell lines. In silico docking studies of the most active anticancer compounds, 8 l and 8 m , against EGFR were found to validate the wet lab results. In summary, a new series of functionalized aryl-vinyl-1,2,4-trioxanes ( 8 a – p ) has been shown to display dual potency as promising antiplasmodial and anticancer agents.     

聚磷腈的性质、制备及生物医学应用研究进展

聚磷腈是一类新型无机-有机复合功能高分子化合物,具有结构多样性和有机高分子难以比拟的特性,已应用于航空航天、船舶制造、石油化工及生物医学等领域。介绍了聚磷腈的用途、结构、物化性质、制备方法和发展现状。综述其在生物医学方面应用的研究进展情况。     

Effectiveness of recycled P products as P fertilizers, as evaluated in pot experiments

World phosphorus (P) resources are limited and may be exhausted within 70?C175 years. Therefore recycling of P from waste materials by chemical or thermal processes is important. This study evaluated the effectiveness of recycled P products from sewage sludge and animal wastes as P fertilizer. Four products were obtained from chemical processes, three magnesium-ammonium-phosphates (MAP) of different sewage treatment plants and a Ca phosphate precipitated from wastewater (Ca-P) and four from thermal processes, an alkali sinter phosphate (Sinter-P), a heavy metal depleted sewage sludge ash (Sl-ash), a cupola furnace slag made from sewage sludge (Cupola slag) and a meat-and-bone meal ash (MB meal ash). The effectiveness of these products as P fertilizers compared with triple superphosphate (TSP) and phosphate rock (PR) was determined in a 2-year pot experiment with maize (Zea mays L., cv. Atletico) in two soils with contrasting pH (pH(CaCl₂) 4.7 and 6.6). The parameters used to evaluate the effectiveness were P uptake, P concentration in soil solution (C_Li) and isotopically exchangeable P (IEP). MAP products were as effective as TSP in both soils, while Ca-P was only effective in the acid soil. Sinter-P was as effective as TSP in the acid soil, while Cupola slag was in the neutral soil. The products Sl-ash and MB meal ash were of low effectiveness and were comparable to PR. The effect of the fertilizers on IEP, but not on C_Li, described their effectiveness. Recycled P products obtained by chemical processes, especially MAP, could be directly applied as P fertilizers, while products such as Sl-ash and MB meal ash are potential raw materials for P fertilizer production.