产肠毒素大肠埃希菌K99-987P-F41融合蛋白在小鼠体内免疫效果的评价

目的评价产肠毒素大肠埃希菌(enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli,ETEC)K99-987P-F41融合蛋白在小鼠体内的免疫效果。方法制备ETEC融合蛋白K99-987P-F41亚单位疫苗、ETEC全菌体灭活疫苗、ETEC天然菌毛K99-987P-F41混合蛋白亚单位疫苗及ETEC重组菌毛K99-987P-F41混合蛋白亚单位疫苗,分别免疫小鼠,同时以免疫PBS的小鼠作为对照。ELISA法检测小鼠血清中IgG、IL-4和IFNγ的水平及小鼠粪便和小肠冲洗液中分泌型免疫球蛋白A(secreted immunogobulin A,sIgA)的含量;MTT法检测小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖情况,并进行攻毒试验。结果 ETEC融合蛋白K99-987P-F41重组亚单位疫苗组小鼠血清中的抗ETEC的特异性IgG抗体、IL-4、IFNγ、粪便和小肠冲洗液中的sIgA、小鼠脾脏B和T淋巴细胞增殖能力均显著高于PBS对照组(P0.05);ETEC融合蛋白K99-987PF41重组亚单位疫苗对小鼠的保护率为80%,与其他3种疫苗的小鼠保护率相近,而PBS对照组为0。结论 ETEC融合蛋白K99-987P-F41可有效诱导小鼠产生较高滴度的特异性抗体,可作为ETEC重组亚单位疫苗候选蛋白。     

结核分枝杆菌ATP依赖的丝氨酸蛋白酶蛋白水解亚基1基因的原核表达

目的构建结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis,MTB)ATP依赖的丝氨酸蛋白酶蛋白水解亚基1(ATP-dependent Clp proteolytic subunit 1,ClpP1)基因重组原核表达质粒,并在大肠埃希菌中表达重组蛋白。方法从结核分枝杆菌H37Rv株基因组DNA中PCR扩增ClpP1基因,插入原核表达载体pET-32a(+)中,构建重组表达质粒pET-32a(+)-ClpP1,转化大肠埃希菌B21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达。表达产物经SDS-PAGE和Western blot进行鉴定。结果重组表达质粒pET-32a(+)-ClpP1经双酶切和测序鉴定,证明构建正确;表达的重组蛋白相对分子质量约35 000,可与鼠抗His单克隆抗体特异性结合。结论成功构建了重组表达质粒pET-32a(+)-ClpP1,并在大肠埃希菌中表达了重组蛋白,为进一步研究ClpP1蛋白在MTB中的生物学特性奠定了基础。     

结核分枝杆菌ATP依赖的丝氨酸蛋白酶调节亚基C2基因原核表达质粒的构建及表达

目的构建结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis,MTB)ATP依赖的丝氨酸蛋白酶调节亚基C2(ATP-dependent Clp regulatory subunit C2,ClpC2)基因的原核表达质粒,并在大肠埃希菌中表达重组蛋白。方法以MTB H37Rv基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增ClpC2基因,插入表达载体pET32a(+)中,构建重组原核表达质粒pET32a(+)-ClpC2,经双酶切及测序鉴定正确后,转化大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达。表达产物经SDS-PAGE和Western blot进行鉴定。结果重组表达质粒经双酶切和测序鉴定,证明构建正确;表达的重组融合蛋白相对分子质量约46 000,可与鼠抗组氨酸单克隆抗体特异性结合。结论已成功构建了重组表达质粒pET32a(+)-ClpC2,并在大肠埃希菌中表达了重组蛋白,为进一步研究ClpC2蛋白的生物学功能奠定了基础。     

树鼩干细胞生长因子的原核表达、纯化及免疫原性

目的原核表达、纯化树鼩干细胞生长因子(stem cell factor,SCF),并检测其免疫原性。方法根据GenBank预测的树鼩SCF基因序列设计引物,PCR扩增SCF基因,克隆至原核表达载体p ET-30a(+)中,构建重组表达质粒pET-30a(+)-SCF,转化大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达。表达的融合蛋白经Ni柱纯化后,免疫家兔,Western blot和ELISA法检测其免疫原性,并检测SCF在树鼩不同组织中的分布情况。结果重组表达质粒pET-30a(+)-SCF经酶切及测序证实构建正确;表达的重组蛋白相对分子质量约为34 500,表达量约占菌体总蛋白的35. 6%,以包涵体形式存在;纯化后的重组蛋白纯度达90%以上,可与兔抗人SCF多克隆抗体特异性结合,且免疫原性良好,抗血清效价为1∶256 000。在鼻、气管、肺、脾、肾、食管中能检测到SCF的分布。结论在大肠埃希菌中高效表达了重组SCF蛋白,纯化复性后具有良好的免疫原性。     

金黄色葡萄球菌α-溶血素及其突变体的原核表达和免疫学活性

目的原核表达金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus,S.aureus)α-溶血素(α-hemolysin,Hla)及其突变体,并检测其免疫学活性。方法采用PCR法从S.aureus中扩增hla基因,将该基因克隆至原核表达载体p ET28a中,构建重组表达质粒p ET28a-hla,并利用点突变试剂盒进行突变,获得重组质粒p ET28a-hlaH35L。将两种重组表达质粒转化大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达;表达的重组蛋白经Ni-NTA亲和层析和CM离子交换层析纯化后,检测其溶血活性、免疫血清的抑制溶血活性及HlaH35L蛋白的免疫保护作用。结果重组表达质粒p ET28a-hla经双酶切和测序证明构建正确;重组质粒p ET28a-hlaH35L的测序结果显示,第35位氨基酸突变位点与设计相符。表达的Hla和HlaH35L蛋白相对分子质量约为36 000,均为可溶性表达,表达量约占菌体总蛋白的50%,纯化后纯度均在90%以上。Hla具有溶血活性,溶血比活为152 HU/mg;HlaH35L无溶血活性;抗Hla和抗HlaH35L血清均具有抑制Hla溶血的活性;在小鼠滴鼻攻击模型中,HlaH35L具有一定的保护作用。结论成功在大肠埃希菌中表达了具有良好免疫学活性的Hla及其突变体HlaH35L,为筛选S.aureus候选疫苗组分奠定了实验基础。     

寨卡病毒E蛋白第三结构域的可溶性表达及多克隆抗体的制备

目的原核表达并纯化寨卡病毒(Zika virus)E蛋白第三结构域(ZK-EⅢ)重组蛋白,并制备其多克隆抗体。方法 PCR扩增ZK-E Ⅲ序列,经双酶切后将其插入原核表达载体p ET-32a(+)中,构建重组表达质粒pET-ZKE Ⅲ,转化至大肠埃希菌(E. coli)Rosetta2(DE3),经IPTG诱导,表达的重组蛋白经亲和层析和阴离子交换层析纯化后,免疫家兔,制备ZK-E Ⅲ多克隆抗血清,进行Western blot鉴定后,ELISA法检测该抗血清效价。结果经PCR及测序鉴定证明原核表达质粒pET-ZKE Ⅲ构建正确,表达的重组蛋白相对分子质量约31 000,主要以可溶性形式存在,表达量占菌体总蛋白的60%;用纯化的重组蛋白免疫家兔后,获得的血清特异性良好,血清效价为1∶51 200。结论 ZKE Ⅲ蛋白在E. coli中以可溶性形式表达,制备的抗血清特异性好,效价高,具有用于寨卡病毒诊断和进行重组亚单位疫苗开发的潜力。     

牛种布鲁菌VirB12蛋白的原核表达及纯化

目的原核表达并纯化牛种布鲁菌(Brucella)VirB12蛋白。方法利用PCR法从牛种布鲁菌基因组中扩增VirB12基因,插入pET-30a(+)载体,构建重组表达质粒pETV12,转化大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达。表达的重组蛋白经组氨酸结合树脂柱纯化后,进行SDS-PAGE及Western blot分析。结果重组表达质粒pETV12经双酶切及测序证明构建正确;表达的重组蛋白相对分子质量约22 000,纯化的重组蛋白纯度达94%,可被布鲁菌免疫兔血清特异性识别。结论原核表达并纯化了牛种布鲁菌VirB12蛋白,为进一步研究VirB12蛋白的结构、功能及相关疫苗的研制奠定了基础。     

伪旋毛虫丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂基因的原核表达及其纯化

目的原核表达并纯化伪旋毛虫丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂(Trichinella pseudospiralis serine protease inhibitor,Tpserpin)基因,并鉴定其抗原性。方法从伪旋毛虫肌幼虫提取总RNA,RT-PCR扩增Tp-serpin基因,插入原核表达载体pET-28a(+)中,构建重组表达质粒pET-28a-Tp-serpin,转化大肠埃希菌(E.coli)Rosetta gami(DE3),IPTG诱导表达,表达产物经SDS-PAGE分析后,用Ni-NTA Agarose亲和层析纯化,纯化产物经SDS-PAGE分析纯度,Western blot鉴定反应原性。结果重组表达质粒pET-28a-Tp-serpin经PCR、双酶切及测序鉴定证明构建正确,与GenBank中登录的Tp-serpin基因相似性达99%。表达的重组Tp-serpin蛋白相对分子量约43 000,表达量约占菌体总蛋白的40%,主要以可溶性形式存在;纯化后的重组Tp-serpin蛋白纯度达95%以上,可被伪旋毛虫感染60 d的猪血清特异性识别,具有较好的反应原性。结论成功构建了重组表达质粒pET-28a-Tp-serpin,并在E.coli Rosetta gami(DE3)中表达了重组蛋白,为旋毛虫病的血清学诊断候选抗原的研制及开发提供了科学依据,也为阐明serpin在伪旋毛虫入侵时期调节宿主免疫反应的作用奠定了基础。     

人内源性博尔纳样核蛋白-1的原核表达及纯化

目的原核表达人内源性博尔纳样核蛋白-1(endogenous Borna-like N element-1,EBLN-1),并进行纯化及鉴定。方法以人工合成的EBLN-1基因为模板,PCR扩增EBLN-1基因,克隆至载体pET-41a中,构建重组表达质粒pET-41aEBLN-1,转化大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3)和Rosetta中,分别于18℃和37℃下进行IPTG诱导表达。采用包涵体稀释复性法对表达蛋白进行复性,经His亲和层析纯化后,SDS-GAGE和Western blot法鉴定纯化产物。结果重组表达质粒pET-41a-EBLN-1经菌落PCR及测序鉴定构建正确。重组表达蛋白相对分子质量约48 000,以包涵体形式表达。在大肠埃希菌Rosetta中37℃诱导时表达量最高,占菌体总蛋白的30%以上,纯化后蛋白纯度可达90%,可与HRP标记的His探针特异性结合。结论成功表达并纯化了重组EBLN-1蛋白,为后续深入研究EBLN-1在人体中的生理作用及其与精神疾病的相关性奠定了基础。     

肺炎链球菌表面蛋白A的原核表达、纯化及其多克隆抗体的制备

目的原核表达、纯化肺炎链球菌表面蛋白A(pneumococcal surface protein A,Psp A),并制备多克隆抗体。方法应用ANTHEWIN、DNAstar等分子生物学软件,对Psp A氨基酸序列进行分析,筛选出抗原表位富集区(第33~109个氨基酸),选用原核生物偏爱的密码子优化基因序列,化学合成全新的基因序列pspa,插入质粒p GEX-4T-2和p ET28a(+)中,构建重组表达质粒p GEX-4T-2-pspa和p ET28a(+)-pspa,转化大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达。分别纯化带有GST标签和His标签的Psp A重组蛋白GST-Psp A和His-Psp A,以His-Psp A作为免疫原,经背部多点免疫新西兰大耳白兔,间接ELISA法检测血清抗体效价,Western blot法检测血清抗体特异性。结果两种重组表达质粒p GEX-4T-2-pspa和p ET28a(+)-pspa经双酶切鉴定构建正确;表达的两种重组蛋白GST-Psp A和His-Psp A相对分子质量分别约为33 000和18 000,均为可溶性表达,纯化后目的蛋白条带均无降解,纯度约为95%,蛋白浓度分别为2和0.2 mg/ml;制备的兔抗血清效价较高,可达1∶200 000,且特异性较好。结论原核表达并纯化了肺炎链球菌Psp A融合蛋白,并制备了特异性良好的高效价兔抗血清,为下一步建立肺炎链球菌快速检测技术奠定了基础。     

Functional expression of adhesive peptides as fusions to Escherichia coli flagellin

An expression system for studying epitopes of adhesion proteins based on fusion of gene fragments into fliC(H7) of Escherichia coli is described. We constructed the system by an in-frame insertion of DNA fragments encoding one, two or three of the fibronectin-binding D repeats present in the fibronectin-binding protein A (FnBPA) of Staphylococcus aureus, into the fliC(H7) gene region encoding the variable domain of the H7 flagellin. The constructs were expressed by in trans complementation in the E. coli strain JT1 which harbours knock- out mutations for the expression of FliC as well as of the mannoside- binding fimbrial adhesin. The resulting chimeric flagella, which contained 39, 77 or 115 heterologous amino acid residues, efficiently bound soluble and immobilized human plasma and cellular fibronectin, and the binding was most efficient with the flagella containing the three D repeats of FnBPA. The chimeric flagella bound to frozen sections of human kidney and to cultured human cells. Antibodies raised against the chimeric flagella bound to Protein A-deficient S. aureus cells and inhibited the binding of staphylococci to immobilized fibronectin. We also expressed peptides, ranging in size between 48 and 302 amino acids, of the collagen-binding YadA adhesin of Yersinia enterocolitica. A fragment of 302 amino acids representing the middle region of YadA was needed for collagen binding. Chimeric flagellar filaments expressing hundreds of intimately associated adhesive epitopes offer versatile tools to analyze adhesin-receptor interactions and functional epitopes of adhesion proteins.      

苏尼替尼对HeLa细胞增殖及3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶表达和活性的影响

目的探讨苏尼替尼(Sutent)对HeLa细胞增殖及3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶(Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydro-genase,GAPDH)表达和活性的影响。方法用不同浓度的Sutent作用于HeLa细胞,采用MTT法检测Sutent对HeLa细胞增殖活力的影响;Western blot检测HeLa细胞中GAPDH蛋白表达的变化;GENMED细胞GAPDH活性终点比色法定量检测了GAPDH的活力。结果经Sutent处理24 h后,HeLa细胞的增殖受到明显抑制,且呈浓度依赖性,半数抑制浓度(IC50)为10.283μmol/L;Sutent可明显降低HeLa细胞中GAPDH蛋白的表达量,并能直接抑制GAPDH的活力。结论 Sutent可抑制HeLa细胞的增殖,降低GAPDH蛋白的表达量及活力,显示了其作为多靶点药物的重要研究价值。     

大鼠抑郁行为的性差异与下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴功能及脑源性神经营养因子表达的相关性

目的探讨慢性轻度不可预见性刺激(chronic unpredicted mild stress,CUMS)致大鼠抑郁行为的性差异与下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质轴(hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenalaxis,HPA)功能和脑源性神经营养因子(brain derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF)表达的相关性。方法将60只SD大鼠(雌雄各半)经open-field法筛选后,随机分为雌性对照组(CF)、雄性对照组(CM)、雌性模型组(SF)及雄性模型组(SM),每组15只。CF和CM组5只/笼;SF组和SM组采用孤养及CUMS方式建立大鼠抑郁模型。通过高架迷宫和糖水消耗试验评价大鼠焦虑抑郁行为程度;放射免疫法检测大鼠血清中皮质酮(corticosterone,CORT)的含量;荧光定量PCR和Western blot法分别检测大鼠海马BDNF和下丘脑促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子(corticotropin-releasing factor,CRF)mRNA的转录水平和蛋白的表达水平。结果与CF和CM组相比,SF和SM组大鼠糖水偏爱率、进入高架迷宫开臂次数、向下探究次数和在开臂停留时间均显著减少(P0.05),血清中CORT含量增高(P0.01),海马BDNF mRNA的转录水平和蛋白表达水平显著下降(P0.01),下丘脑CRF mRNA的转录水平和蛋白表达水平显著升高(P0.05);SM组大鼠糖水偏爱率、进入高架迷宫开臂和闭臂次数、直立及向下探究次数、中央区停留时间、血清中CORT含量及下丘脑CRF mRNA的转录水平和蛋白表达水平均显著低于SF组(P0.05),而在闭臂停留时间显著长于SF组(P0.05)。结论 CUMS致大鼠焦虑抑郁行为的性别差异与HPA轴功能和BDNF表达有关,为进一步研究抑郁症的性别差异机制及寻找可能的防治措施提供了实验依据。     

Gene expression response to misfolded protein as a screen for soluble recombinant protein

Proper protein folding is key to producing recombinant proteinsfor structure determination. We have examined the effect ofmisfolded recombinant protein on gene expression in Escherichiacoli. Comparison of expression patterns indicates a unique setof genes responding to translational misfolding. The responseis in part analogous to heat shock and suggests a translationalcomponent to the regulation. We have further utilized the expressioninformation to generate reporters responsive to protein misfolding.These reporters were used to identify properly folded recombinantproteins and to create soluble domains of insoluble proteinsfor structural studies.     

Selection of cadmium specific hexapeptides and their expression as OmpA fusion proteins in Escherichia coli

In searching for novel peptides with affinity for cadmium, the phage display technique was utilized. In the selection procedure, cadmium ions were immobilized on a metal chelating Sepharose gel. The peptides selected from a hexapeptide library showed no homology to naturally occurring metallothioneins. From the phage clones selected in the biopanning process, phages with affinity for Cd-109 in free solution were identified. The peptide His-Ser-Gln-Lys-Val-Phe, which was found to exhibit the strongest relative affinity for Cd-109, was cloned into Escherichia coli as a fusion to the cell surface exposed area of the outer membrane protein OmpA. Escherichia coli cells expressing this peptide showed increased survival in growth media containing up to 1.2 mM CdCl2 when compared with cells not expressing this peptide on their surface.      

Remediation of mechanical thermal expression product waters using raw Latrobe Valley brown coals as adsorbents

Mechanical Thermal Expression (MTE) dewatering of Latrobe Valley brown coals produces water that contains both organic and inorganic impurities at levels that require some remediation before it can be used or released to the environment. Purification of this water may be a problem for future operations due to the economic and engineering difficulties associated with the treatment of large volumes of acidic, salty and organic-rich waters.This study investigates the ability of Latrobe Valley brown coal itself to adsorb organic and inorganic components from MTE product water. The adsorbent/water contact mechanism used in this paper is the physical mixing of MTE water with brown coal. The ability of the coals to remove Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) and cations increased with the concentration of these components in the MTE water.Approximately 5–6% of the feed coal to the MTE drying process would be required to remediate the water produced to the levels established in this paper. Potential for the use of a lower proportion of feed coal is possible by increasing the water to coal ratio, however it may be that increasing the amount of feed coal used to remediate MTE water results in a higher quality water postremediation.     

PCR-based gene synthesis as an efficient approach for expression of the A+T-rich malaria genome

The A+T-rich genome of the human malaria parasite Plasmodiumfalciparum encodes genes of biological importance that cannotbe expressed efficiently in heterologous eukaryotic systems,owing to an extremely biased codon usage and the presence ofnumerous cryptic polyadenylation sites. In this work we haveoptimized an assembly polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methodfor the fast and extremely accurate synthesis of a 2.1 kb Plasmodiumfalciparum gene (pfsub-1) encoding a subtilisin-like protease.A total of 104 oligonucleotides, designed with the aid of dedicatedcomputer software, were assembled in a single-step PCR. Theassembly was then further amplified by PCR to produce a syntheticgene which has been cloned and successfully expressed in bothPichia pastoris and recombinant baculovirus-infected High Five^TMcells. We believe this strategy to be of special interest asit is simple, accessible and has no limitation with respectto the size of the gene to be synthesized. Used as a systematicapproach for the malarial genome or any other A + T-rich organism,the method allows the rapid synthesis of a nucleotide sequenceoptimized for expression in the system of choice and productionof sufficiently large amounts of biological material for completemolecular and structural characterization.     

脂多糖对奶牛乳腺成纤维细胞增殖速率、胞内Toll样受体及其信号通路相关基因mRNA表达水平的影响

目的探讨脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)对奶牛乳腺成纤维细胞(bovine mammary fibroblast,BMFB)增殖速率、胞内Toll样受体(Toll-like receptor,TLR)及其信号通路相关基因m RNA表达水平的影响。方法原代培养BMFB,用LPS(终浓度10μg/mL)刺激BMFB不同时间后,经CCK-8法检测BMFB的增殖速率,实时荧光定量PCR法检测BMFB胞内TLR及其信号通路相关分子m RNA的表达水平。结果 LPS刺激BMFB 0、1、3 h后,BMFB增殖速率差异无统计学意义(P0.05),LPS刺激BMFB 6 h开始,试验组BMFB的增殖速率明显快于对照组(P0.05)。与对照组比较,LPS刺激BMFB 12 h后,TLR2、TLR4、信号转导通路激活核转录因子κB(nuclear factor of kappa B,NF-κB)、肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子6(TNF receptor associated factor 6,TRAF6)、白介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、IL-6、IL-8、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor alpha-α,TNF-α)和白细胞介素-1受体相关激酶1(interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 1,IRAK1)基因m RNA表达水平显著升高(P0.05),髓样分化因子88(myeloid differentiation factor 88,My D88)基因m RNA的表达水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 BMFB可能通过TLR2和TLR4识别LPS,并与NF-κB信号通路级联诱导炎性细胞因子和趋化因子的释放,参与奶牛乳腺先天性免疫应答。