溶菌酶凝固天然橡胶加工性能和力学性能的研究

采用溶菌酶凝固天然胶乳,对凝固后天然橡胶的理化性能、加工性能及力学性能等进行研究,并与酸凝固天然橡胶对照。研究表明,溶菌酶凝固天然橡胶综合性能优异。溶菌酶凝固天然橡胶混炼胶与酸凝固天然橡胶混炼胶相比,弹性模量G’高,损耗因子tanδ小。与酸凝固天然橡胶相比,溶菌酶凝固天然橡胶蛋白质含量高,耐氧老化性能好,硫化速率快,硫化胶交联密度高,力学性能好。     

溶菌酶用量对天然橡胶加工性能的影响

在新鲜天然胶乳中添加不同用量的溶菌酶,对凝固后天然橡胶混炼胶的加工性能进行了研究。与酸凝固天然橡胶混炼胶相比,添加溶菌酶凝固天然橡胶混炼胶的弹性模量G’高,损耗因子tanδ小。当溶菌酶添加量为0.3%时,天然橡胶混炼胶弹性模量值最高,损耗因子值最小。通过对硫化特性参数的比较,天然胶乳加入溶菌酶凝固后具有比酸凝固胶样更快的硫化反应速率,且添加量为0.3%时,硫化速率最快。     

溶菌酶用量对天然橡胶加工性能的影响

在新鲜天然胶乳中添加不同用量的溶菌酶,对凝固后天然橡胶混炼胶的加工性能进行了研究。与酸凝固天然橡胶混炼胶相比,添加溶菌酶凝固天然橡胶混炼胶的弹性模量G’高,损耗因子tanδ小。当溶菌酶添加量为0.3%时,天然橡胶混炼胶弹性模量值最高,损耗因子值最小。通过对硫化特性参数的比较,天然胶乳加入溶菌酶凝固后具有比酸凝固胶样更快的硫化反应速率,且添加量为0.3%时,硫化速率最快。     

白糖辅助微生物凝固天然橡胶的特性研究

为提高微生物凝固天然橡胶的性能,采用白糖辅助微生物凝固法制备了一系列白糖辅助微生物凝固天然橡胶,并对白糖辅助凝固胶的性能进行了全面的评价。研究结果袁明,与酸凝固和微生物凝固天然橡胶相比,白糖辅助凝固天然橡胶性能较好,其生胶纯度高,抗老化性能好;硫化胶在老化前后的力学性能都是最好的。其不足之处是,与酸凝固和微生物凝固硫化胶相比,白糖辅助凝固硫化胶的抗老化性能最差。     

氮含量对木瓜蛋白酶凝固天然橡胶性能的影响

利用木瓜蛋白酶凝固天然胶乳制备了不同氮含量的天然橡胶（NR-P）,研究了NR-P的生胶理化性能和混炼胶硫化特性,以及硫化胶的物理机械性能、压缩疲劳生热和动态力学性能,并与酸凝天然橡胶（NR-A）进行了对比。结果表明,随着氮含量的降低,NR-P的塑性初值先降低再趋于稳定,塑性保持率则稍有下降;混炼胶的硫化速率增大;硫化胶的300%定伸应力和拉伸强度均呈现先增大后稍有减小的趋势,压缩温升和滚动阻力都基本呈现减小趋势。与NR-A相比,NR-P的氮含量较低,但其塑性初值较高而塑性保持率稍低,硫化速率及拉伸强度也优于NR-A。当含氮质量分数处于0.18%～0.23%时,NR-P具有较快的硫化速率,较好的物理机械性能、压缩疲劳生热性能和动态力学性能。     

凝固方法对天然橡胶性能的影响

本文研究了凝固方法对天然橡胶性能的影响。结果表明:不同凝固方法制备的天然橡胶都达到5号标准橡胶的质量指标,生物凝固的天然橡胶硫化时间较短、硫化胶力学性能较好、而抗老化性能较差,HAc凝固的天然橡胶的硫化时间较长,硫化胶力学性能较差,而抗老化性能较好。     

射流凝固制备的天然橡胶性能的研究

利用射流凝固(NR-j)的方法制备天然橡胶,研究了天然橡胶的性能。分析结果可得:射流凝固天然橡胶的溶胶含量较低,杂质含量、灰分含量、氮含量和塑性初值比酸凝固天然橡胶的大,而挥发分和塑性保持率较小。在硫化性能上,射流凝固天然橡胶的硫化速率比酸凝固天然橡胶的速率稍大,硫化胶的强度也大于酸凝固天然橡胶的强度,但其老化后的强度保持率小于酸凝固天然橡胶。     

不同辅助生物凝固剂用量对天然橡胶性能的影响

通过改变不同辅助生物凝固剂的用量,讨论不同用量对天然橡胶性能的影响。结果表明,在理化性能方面微生物凝固胶的性能优于酸对照样;在力学性能方面,酸凝固胶明显差于微生物凝固胶;微生物凝固胶的硫化特性和热分析优于酸对照样;相对分子质量及相对分子质量分布与酸对照样差异不显著。     

凝固方法对天然橡胶力学性能的影响

研究了三种不同凝固方法对天然橡胶性能和炭黑/天然橡胶硫化胶力学性能的影响。结果表明,采用十二烷基硫酸钠和氯化钙凝固制得的天然橡胶达到5号标准橡胶的质量,其力学性能比用醋酸凝固所制得的天然橡胶的力学性能要好。     

天然橡胶中蛋白质的作用

总结鲜胶乳中蛋白质分离和鉴定的研究概况,综述了鲜胶乳中所含蛋白质对胶乳稳定性、混炼胶的硫化特性、硫化胶的力学性能及天然橡胶抗氧老化性能的影响,并为今后开展蛋白质的分离与鉴定,蛋白质自身性能及对天然橡胶影响的研究提供参考价值。     

高性能浇注型聚氨酯弹性体的耐热性能

用不同结构的多元醇和二异氰酸酯合成了一系列浇注型聚氨酯弹性体(PU),研究了PU的物理机械性能、耐热性和动态力学性能.结果表明,当二异氰酸酯选为对苯二异氰酸酯(PPDI)、扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇(BD)时,不同结构的多元醇制备PU的耐热性从优到劣依次为聚己内酯二醇体系,聚己二酸1,4-丁二醇酯体系,聚碳酸酯二醇(PCD)体系,聚四亚甲基醚二醇体系;当多元醇选取PCD、扩链剂为BD时,不同结构的二异氰酸酯制备PU的耐热性从优到劣依次为1,5-萘二异氰酸酯(NDI)体系,对苯二异氰酸酯(PPDI)体系,3,3'-二甲基联苯-4,4'-二异氰酸酯(TODI)体系,4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)体系;TODI、NDI制备PU的动态力学性能优于PPDI和MDI制备的PU.     

CPVC加工性能和冲击性能的改进

研究了加工助剂和冲击改性剂对CPVC性能的影响，试验结果表明：润滑型ACR加工助剂能有效提高CPVC的加工性能，AMS的最佳用量为1～2份，MBS（用量以8份为宜）对CPVC的增韧效果较好。     

Correlation of blown film optical properties with resin properties

The optical properties of conventional, free-radical polymerized low density polyethylene (LDPE) blown films are due essentially to surface irregularities that develop during fabrication. Past studies have shown that the extent to which these irregularities occur (and therefore optical properties) correlates well with the melt elasticity of the resin. Specifically, it has been shown that resins with higher melt elasticity result in films with poorer optical properties. However, it was recently reported that the optical properties of film blown from a Sci of three generically similar LDPE resins were found to correlate with the crystallization kinetics of the resins. Specifically, it was reported that the resins that exhibited faster crystallization rates produced films with better optical properties. This present work shows, however, that this apparent correlation is only coincidental. It has been shown that resins exhibiting faster crystallization rates do not necessarily result in films with better optical properties. On the other hand, it has been shown that resins with higher melt elasticity consistently result in films with poorer optical properties.     

Correlation between slurry properties and structures and properties of granules

Two types of granules were fabricated from a flocculated slurry (dispersant: 0.3 wt%) and a dispersed slurry (dispersant: 1.0 wt%), respectively. The slurry properties affected the packing density and morphology of the granules markedly; the granules obtained from the flocculated and dispersed slurries have spherical and dimpled shapes with densities 50.2 and 54.0%, respectively. A new crossed polarized microscopy showed a direct influence of slurry property on the packing structure of particles in the granules. The packing structure of particles affected the deformation behavior of granules; the loosely packed particles in the spherical granules make them easily deformable and the highly packed particles in the dimpled granules make them resistant against deformation.     

磺化乙丙橡胶离聚体的熔融流动性及力学性能

研究了不同因素包括相转移催化剂、磺化度、中和度、中和用阳离子及增塑剂等对磺化乙丙橡胶离聚体的熔融流动性及力学性能的影响。结果表明,在合适条件下可得到Ｂｒａｂｅｎｄｅｒ扭矩为３５～４０Ｎｍ、拉伸强度为２０～２８ＭＰａ、断裂伸长率为５００％～６００％、永久变形小于１０％的热塑性弹性体     

Dough forming properties

Although much has been learned about the gluten protein complex in the past 50 years, we still do not know why gluten proteins form a dough. We are left pointing out how gluten differs from other proteins, and offering a few tentative hypotheses. Contribution No. 955. Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattan, KS 66506.     

Other catalytic properties

The behavior of fresh and aged EUROCAT V₂O₅–WO₃/TiO₂ SCR catalysts in the (I) oxidative dehydrogenation of light alkanes, and conversion of (ii) propan-2-ol, (iii) NO in the presence of propene and oxygen, (iv) propane and propene and (v) chloropropane is reported to analyse possible modifications of the catalyst properties during use and give a more comprehensive general picture of its surface and reactivity properties.     

Melt flow properties,mechanical properties,thermal properties and morphology of polycarbonate/highly branched polystyrene blends

A highly branched polystyrene (HBPS) was synthesized via the copolymerization of 4‐(chloromethyl) styrene with styrene using the self‐condensing atom transfer radical polymerization method. The addition of HBPS as a melt modifier for polycarbonate (PC) was attempted. Melt flow properties, mechanical properties, thermal properties and morphology of the blends were studied. The results showed that a significant drop in the blend viscosity occurs immediately on addition of HBPS. Impact strength, tensile strength and glass transition temperature (T_g) of all the blends have not been significantly reduced compared with those of pure PC. The TGA analyses showed that an initial weight loss temperature of all the blends is above 458 °C and slightly low compared with that of pure PC, but all the blends still have excellent thermal stability. Morphological studies using SEM showed that a two‐phase morphology is characteristic of all the blends, with more or less spherical droplets of the minor HBPS phase dispersed in the continuous PC phase. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

Influence of the coking properties of coal batch on coke properties

At OAO Zapadno-Sibirskii Metallurgicheskii Kombinat (ZSMK), research is undertaken to improve the optimization of coking batch. The basic approach, proposed by specialists from OAO Nizhne-tagil’skii Metallurgicheskii Kombinat, employs the coefficient K _opt, which characterizes the deviation of the batch from its optimal composition. The coking properties of the OAO ZSMK coal batch over the last few years are analyzed. After laboratory and industrial coking of batch with different K _opt, the strength and reactivity of the resulting coke is investigated. Evaluation of coke-grade coal in terms of its rank according to State Standard GOST 25543-88 proves inadequate, since coal of the same rank may differ markedly in coking properties. A method is established for assessing the optimality of the coal batch at OAO ZSMK.