光固化3D打印及其打印材料改性的研究进展

综述了近几年国内外对常见的打印材料如环氧丙烯酸酯、聚酯丙烯酸酯及不饱和聚酯等树脂的改性研究。分析比较了国内外在光固化树脂方面的发展趋势,对国内发展存在的问题进行分析及对未来发展进行展望。     

光固化3D打印用光敏树脂的研究进展

综述了不同类型的光固化三维(3D)打印用光敏树脂的研究进展,包括环氧丙烯酸酯、不饱和聚酯、聚酯丙烯酸酯及聚氨酯丙烯酸酯,对各树脂的合成方法、优缺点进行了比较。根据树脂的光固化速率、黏度、柔韧性、热稳定性、硬度、耐磨性、耐化学药品腐蚀性等对3D打印产品性能的影响,针对不同树脂的缺点总结了提高树脂性能的方法。此外,还指出了光固化3D打印用光敏树脂的发展趋势,为今后探索新型合成方法及树脂性能的改进提供参考。     

聚酯改性丙烯酸树脂的研制与应用

含活泼双键的聚酯多元醇与丙烯酸酯接枝共聚,制得分子内增的聚酯改性丙烯酸树脂,此种树脂兼有聚酯和丙烯酯树脂的优良性能,并与其他不同入性的丙烯酸树脂的性能进行了对比。     

3D打印用光固化树脂产品性能研究

针对目前光固化（SLA）树脂的市场需求,采用双酚A环氧丙烯酸酯、二丙烯酸酯、三丙烯酸酯及光引发剂进行复配,制备硬质紫外SLA树脂产品,通过电子万能材料试验机、平板流变仪、电子比重计等对组分含量不同的SLA树脂材料的力学性能、黏度、体积收缩率等进行了测试,确定了产品配方,并用该配方SLA树脂进行了SLA 3D打印。结果表明,较合适的SLA树脂的配方为2 mol低聚物双酚A环氧丙烯酸酯、20 mol活性稀释剂及适量光引发剂,采用该配方制得的SLA树脂黏度为240.8 mPa?s,拉伸强度为47.1 MPa,断裂伸长率为5.62 %,体积收缩率为4.44 %,所制备的产品表面光滑、性能优异。     

多官能丙烯酸化聚酯的合成及其光固化

采用从中心开始逐步向外扩展,控制链增长的方法,合成了一系列分子中分别含有2,3,4,6和8个丙烯酸酯官能度的低分子质量聚酯,对这些树脂进行了表征,讨论了树脂的凝胶速率与官能度的关系,并研究了官能度对其光固化、粘度的影响,同时探讨了光引发剂及用量对这些多官能树脂的固化性能的影响。结果表明,树脂的固化速率与丙烯酸酯功能基数量密切相关,8官能度树脂光固化时氧抑制不显著。     

芴酮在环氧树脂中的应用

芴酮是一种重要的有机合成中间体,可用于制造多种精细化学品,主要应用于合成高分子材料、双酚芴、芴基苯并恶嗪树脂、丙烯酸酯树脂、聚酯、聚碳酸酯及环氧树脂的改性剂.总之,芴酮是非常有用的化合物,其应用领域国内外研究者还在积极开发.     

紫外光固化环氧丙烯酸酯的研究进展

环氧丙烯酸酯树脂是紫外光(UV)固化领域中用量最大的一类光固化树脂,具有粘接强度大、硬度高及耐化学药品性等优点,但也存在黏度较大、韧性较差等问题。为了提高环氧丙烯酸酯的综合性能,有必要对其进行改性。介绍了环氧丙烯酸酯的合成基本原理及主要合成条件对树脂的影响,综述了国内外近期对环氧丙烯酸酯改性的主要方法及研究进展,指出了目前环氧丙烯酸酯在涂料中应用存在的主要问题,为今后对环氧丙烯酸酯性能的进一步改进提供了参考。     

紫外光固化粉末涂料用树脂的合成和表征

通过羧基型聚酯和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)反应合成了紫外光(UV)固化粉末涂料用聚酯丙烯酸酯树脂。研究了催化剂、阻聚剂种类和浓度以及反应温度对羧基转化率和紫外光固化涂膜交联度的影响,用红外光谱(FT-IR)分析了树脂的结构,用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)测定了紫外光固化树脂的玻璃化转变温度和熔点。结果表明合成的树脂满足了UV固化粉末涂料用树脂的要求。     

紫外光固化聚酯丙烯酸酯预聚物中试项目通过验收

<正>由四川自贡拓利化工有限公司承担的国家创新基金项目——紫外光固化聚酯丙烯酸酯预聚物中试项目,日前通过了科技部科技型中小企业技术创新基金管理中心的验收。该项目使用国产原料,采用二步法合成技术,实现了聚酯丙烯酸酯预聚物树脂相对分子质量及其分布的有效控制,满足了光固化精密涂层对该类树脂的要求,完成了50 L稳定的放大实验。经鉴定,该技术处于国内领先水平。     

聚酯丙烯酸酯预聚物的合成研究

采用分步加料法,以己二酸、1,4-丁二醇、季戊四醇、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)和丙烯酸为原料合成了光固化聚酯丙烯酸酯预聚体;采用FT-IR和DSC对产物进行了表征和分析;探讨了羟羧比(物质的量比,下同)、DMPA等对合成树脂附着力和粘度的影响。结果表明:羟羧比在1.2左右时树脂的附着力最好;催化剂质量分数为0.1%,阻聚剂质量分数为0.02%时,聚酯丙烯酸酯预聚体性能最佳。     

Jet printing

Ink jet printers, some capable of producing a full colour gamut, are now widely used as output devices for computer-generated design work. Some advances have been made in the application of these ink jet paper printing technologies to textile printing, mainly for carpets. This review describes the principal jet systems that have been developed commercially for both textile and reprographic uses, and indicates areas in which the ink jet principle appears to have future potential. The physical and chemical requirements of the inks used in the different systems, as well as the possible pretreatment of the substrate to improve ink receptivity and the durability of the print, are also discussed.     

织物印花用喷墨热转印墨水的研制

以超细分散染料为着色剂、去离子水为溶剂、丙三醇和乙二醇为保湿剂,采用添加分散剂(MF)、表面活性剂(SF-200)和消泡剂(DF-999)的方法制备了织物印花用喷墨热转印墨水。研究结果表明:采用单因素试验法优选出制备墨水的最佳配方是w(超细分散染料)=10%、w(丙三醇)=10%、w(乙二醇)=5%、w(MF)=5%、w(SF-200)=0.6%、w(DF-999)=0.4%和w(去离子水)=69%(均相对于墨水总质量而言);由最佳配方制备的喷墨热转印墨水具有分散均匀、黏度(为2.24 m Pa·s)适宜和保湿性良好等特点,可用于喷墨印花工艺;将该墨水应用于喷墨转印,当转印温度为200℃、转印时间为30 s时,墨水具有较高的转移率(90.12%)。     

Jet printing for textiles

Since its inception, the use of jet printing technology for textiles has largely been confined to carpets. This restriction has been due to problems of low resolution and the difficulties of poor spread control, often resulting in sideways migration of the colour on flat fabrics. Ali Ahmed discusses these limitations and also highlights the potential of developing jet printing technology.     

Vegetable oil-based printing inks

Nearly 75 black and 25 colored inks consisting of 100% vegetable oil-based vehicles were formulated. The physical properties of these inks met or exceeded the industry standards for lithographic and letterpress newsprint applications. In addition, elimination of petroleum-based resin and reduced pigment usage, due to the light vehicle color, provided a competitively priced alternative to petroleumbased inks. The mention of firm names or trade products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over other firms or similar products not mentioned.     

Proximity printing of chrome masks

We have investigated the application of proximity printing to the copying of chrome masks used for integrated circuit fabrication. The mask blanks were coated with various positive and negative photoresists. When plotting the difference in width between etched lines on the print and the corresponding feature on the mask as a function of the separation, one observes fluctuations due to the movement of the diffraction peaks in the optical image. For the negative resist, the averaged difference in width is approximately constant to separations of 25 micrometer (μm), while for positive resists it changes monotonically with increasing gap spacing. The measured results are compared with calculations using a model of the resist exposure and development and good agreement is obtained. On the basis of these results we conclude that proximity printing would be difficult to apply to mask replication, but that it has considerable promise for replicating 10X step-and-repeat reticles.     

Sublimation transfer printing of silk

The results of a study are reported in which silk fabrics have been pretreated with modified melamine-formaldehyde resin. This treatment makes the fabrics amenable to subsequent transfer printing and crease-recovery finishing.     

水披覆转印工艺

介绍了水披覆转印工艺流程。指出了前处理、喷底漆、烘干、转印、补膜和喷面漆等各工艺注意事项。对影响转印膜质量的各种因素包括活化剂、界面剂、转印温度等进行了讨论。