PA/ZIF-8/PVDF复合纳滤膜的制备及其性能

采用反向扩散法在聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)基膜表面原位生长一层均匀、致密的金属有机骨架材料ZIF-8纳米晶体层,并进一步优化界面聚合反应,制备高性能聚酰胺(PA)/ZIF-8/PVDF复合纳滤膜.采用SEM、XRD、FTIR、AFM、XPS、水接触角测定仪以及固体表面Zeta电位仪对ZIF-8/PVDF复合膜及PA/ZIF-8/PVDF复合纳滤膜的组成、结构和形貌进行了表征,考察了ZIF-8亚层的生长对界面聚合反应、复合纳滤膜结构及性能的影响.结果表明,ZIF-8晶体亚层在PVDF膜表面的均匀连续生长改善了PA分离层与PVDF基膜的界面相容性,提高复合纳滤膜PA分离层的交联度.在0.6 MPa下,复合纳滤膜纯水通量可达24.05 L/(m2·h),对MgSO4、Na2SO4、NaCl和MgCl24种盐的截留率分别达到97.34％、93.57％、89.31％和85.16％,具有优异的抗污染性能.     

聚酰胺复合纳滤膜的制备与表征

以间苯二甲胺(m-XDA)和均苯三甲酰氯(TMC)分别为水相和油相反应单体,通过界面聚合制备聚酰胺复合纳滤膜.研究了界面聚合反应中水相单体浓度、水相pH值、油相单体浓度、反应时间、后处理温度及时间等因素对所制备的复合膜分离性能的影响.用红外光谱(FT-IR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对所制备的膜进行结构和形态表征.所制备的聚酰胺复合纳滤膜在操作压力1.4MPa下,对1000mg·L-1的硫酸钠溶液的脱盐率为82.98%,通量为28.48L·m-2·h-1.     

耐污染聚酰胺复合纳滤膜的制备及性能

以哌嗪(PIP)和均苯三甲酰氯(TMC)为反应单体,以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为添加剂,通过界面聚合法在聚砜超滤基膜上制备了复合纳滤膜,主要研究了PVA、PIP、TMC单体浓度、热处理条件对复合膜性能的影响,并通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)对复合纳滤膜结构和形貌进行表征。研究表明,PVA能够提高膜通量,增强膜亲水性,提高膜表面光滑度。最佳制膜条件是:PIP浓度为3.0 g/L,TMC浓度为1.0 g/L,PVA浓度为0.54 g/L,界面聚合时间为1 min,热处理温度为50℃,热处理时间10 min。制备的纳滤膜在处理Na2SO4、MgSO4、NaCl和MgCl2等4种盐溶液时,其截留性能与陶氏NF-270和星达NFX膜相近,而在深度处理造纸脱墨废水时,也表现出良好的分离性能和耐污染性能。     

荷正电纳滤膜的制备研究

主要研究以聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)和均苯三甲酰氯(TMC)为反应单体,采用界面聚合法来制备荷正电纳滤膜.通过均匀实验设计,得出的优化条件为: PEI浓度为1.75%,十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)浓度为0.1%,酸接受剂(Na2CO3:NaOH=2:1)浓度为0.3%(均为质量浓度),界面聚合反应时间(IPT)为2 min,膜对一价盐的截留率均在30%左右,对二价盐的截留率接近70%,对低分子有机染料的截留率达90%以上.     

聚哌嗪酰胺复合纳滤膜的制备及表征

用哌嗪(PIP)溶液为水相反应单体,均苯三甲酰氯(TMC)正庚烷溶液为有机相反应单体,通过界面聚合法制备聚哌嗪酰胺中空纤维复合纳滤膜,研究了水相单体和有机相单体浓度对纳滤膜的影响及基膜预处理、对复合纳滤膜进行后处理对复合纳滤膜分离性能的影响,采用扫描电镜(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AMF)对制备的纳滤膜进行表征,所制备的聚酰胺复合纳滤膜在操作压力0.6 MPa下,对质量浓度2 000 mg/L的MgSO4溶液的脱除率为90%以上。     

抗污染纳滤膜的制备及性能研究

以哌嗪为水相单体,海藻酸钠为其亲水性表面活性剂,以含有均苯三甲酰氯的IsoparG为油相,聚砜超滤膜为底膜,通过界面聚合反应制备一种网络结构的抗污染纳滤膜.利用扫描电子显微镜,原子力显微镜和红外光谱仪等检测方法对纳滤复合膜进行了性能和结构方面的表征.结果 表明:在0.75 MPa、3.785 L/min、25℃恒温条件...     

层层自组装氧化石墨烯纳滤膜的制备及表征

层层自组装法是一种新型的纳滤膜制备方法。本文采用层层自组装法制备了氧化石墨烯(GO)纳滤膜,以聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)为聚电解质,考察了不同的GO浓度对纳滤膜的结构及性能的影响,确定了最优GO浓度,并在最优的GO浓度下改变聚电解质种类,研究了其对膜的结构及性能的影响。结果表明,随着GO浓度增加,膜性能显著提升。当GO浓度为0.200mg·m L^-1时,膜对伊文思蓝的截留率达到95.4%,为最优GO浓度。在最优GO浓度下,将聚电解质PEI改为聚乙烯亚胺(HPEI),或添加交联剂乙二胺(EDA),纳滤膜的膜通量及截留率均有明显变化,其中聚电解质为HPEI的膜,水通量为135L·m^-2·h^-1·MPa^-1,对伊文思蓝的截留率近100%,为性能最优的GO复合纳滤膜。     

聚酰胺复合纳滤膜的制备与表征

以间苯二甲胺（m-XDA）和均苯三甲酰氟（TMC）分别为水相和油相反应单体，通过界面聚合制备聚酰胺复合纳滤膜。研究了界面聚合反应中水相单体浓度、水相pH值、油相单体浓度、反应时间、后处理温度及时间等因素对所制备的复合膜分离性能的影响。用红外光谱（FT-IR）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对所制备的膜进行结构和形态表征。     

PVDF/PSA管式复合纳滤膜的制备优化及性能研究

通过哌嗪（PIP）和1,3,5-苯三磺酰氯（TSC）在不同无纺布的PVDF管式超滤膜上界面聚合制备PSA管式纳滤膜,研究了助溶剂对PSA管式纳滤膜性能的影响。与PA管式纳滤膜相比,PSA管式纳滤膜在20wt%硫酸、2.5wt%硝酸、pH=0盐酸、1wt%和5wt%氢氧化钠中浸泡一个月性能不变;对不同pH的染料截留率达到92%以上;在酸性硫酸铜溶液中,有着92%的硫酸铜截留率,且能长期稳定运行。     

对硝基苯酚复合纳滤膜的制备及性能研究

采用PNP作为膜材料制备耐溶剂复合纳滤膜,采用界面聚合反应法制备了一种有机溶剂纳滤膜.在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中,PNP和三甲基氯(TMC)在聚酯键结构上具有稳定的耐溶剂性.NF-1PNP膜保持稳定的DMF性能.在连续分离36 h的条件下,对孟加拉红(RB 1017.64 g·mol-1)的吸附通量为21 L·...     

热/可见光联合活化单过氧硫酸氢盐光敏降解罗丹明B

采用可见光/热/单过氧硫酸氢盐(PMS)体系氧化降解罗丹明B。在可见光条件下,考察了溶液温度、p H值、PMS初始浓度对罗丹明B降解动力学的影响。结果表明,在暗反应条件下,升高溶液温度,促进罗丹明B的降解,联合可见光光照,罗丹明B的降解率进一步增大。在酸性条件下,溶液p H值对罗丹明B降解的影响并不显著。在PMS初始浓度保持一定的范围内,罗丹明B的降解率与PMS初始浓度呈现出正相关关系。     

丙烯酸接枝聚酰胺/聚醚酰亚胺复合纳滤膜的制备

为了提高复合纳滤膜的抗污染性能,采用紫外光照接枝法将丙烯酸接枝到聚酰胺/聚醚酰亚胺(PA/PEI)复合纳滤膜的皮层上,通过引入羧基基团来增加膜表面的亲水性。考察了丙烯酸单体质量分数、辐照时间对表面接枝率和膜分离性能的影响,并对优选的膜进行了抗污染性能测试。结果表明:丙烯酸质量分数与紫外辐照时间对膜分离性能的影响规律相同,膜通量随质量分数的增加与辐照时间的延长呈现先增加后减小的趋势,而截留率则保持基本不变,当丙烯酸质量分数2%,辐照时间2 min时,膜的通量达到13.12 L/(m2·h),较接枝前的11.94 L/(m2·h)略高;在含有1 g/L牛血清蛋白(BSA)的溶液中,接枝后的膜通量下降明显低于接枝前的膜。研究表明丙烯酸接枝可以有效改善膜表面亲水性,从而有利于提高膜的抗污染性能。     

氧化石墨烯/碱式硫酸铝掺杂聚醚砜/聚酰胺复合纳滤膜的制备及其性能

先由氧化石墨烯（GO）、硫酸铝和尿素通过水热法制得氧化石墨烯/碱式硫酸铝（GO-BAS）复合物,继与哌嗪（PIP）溶液共混作为水相;均苯三甲酰氯（TMC）溶于正己烷作为有机相;采用界面聚合法使两相单体在聚醚砜（PES）基膜表面形成聚酰胺（PA）功能层,制得氧化石墨烯/碱式硫酸铝复合物掺杂的聚醚砜/聚酰胺（PES-PA-GO-BAS）复合纳滤平板膜,并在较低的工作压力（0.3 MPa）下对其进行性能研究。其对无机盐溶液的截留率依次为：Na₂SO₄（91.08%） > MgSO₄（83.42%） > MgCl₂（68.97%） > NaCl（17.62%）;纯水通量可达24.19 L·m^-2·h^-1,较之聚酰胺纳滤膜提高了近60%,且具备良好的稳定性和耐碱性。     

新型还原氧化石墨烯/氮化碳复合纳滤膜制备及其性能

高性能石墨烯基复合膜的制备是目前国际研究热点,但是石墨烯基纳滤膜在脱盐中水通量较低,限制其在脱盐中的应用。采用聚多巴胺(PDA)改性聚砜(PSF)膜为基膜,将还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)和超薄氮化碳(uCN)纳米片通过真空抽滤法在基膜表面自组装制备新型还原氧化石墨烯/氮化碳复合纳滤膜。通过场发射扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X 射线衍射仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和X射线光电子能谱仪等研究uCN添加对膜结构和形貌的影响,并考察不同uCN添加比例、rGO用量及压力复合纳滤膜性能变化规律。结果显示当在100 mg·L^-1的rGO中添加uCN为20 mg·L^-1时所制备的rGO/uCN复合纳滤膜不仅保持良好盐离子截留率(对Na₂SO₄截留率85.86%,对NaCl截留率30.17%),且水渗透系数是rGO膜的2.15倍(88.50 L·m^-2·h^-1·MPa^-1)。     

Preparation and separation properties of polyamide nanofiltration membrane

Utilizing an interfacial polymerization technique for the preparation of a polymeric composite nanofiltration membrane, both high permeation flux of water and high salt rejection can be achieved. Synthesis conditions, such as concentration of monomer, reaction time, and swelling agent, significantly affected the separation performance of composite membranes. The composite polyamide membrane had a permeation rate of ～2–5 gallon/ft²/day (gfd) and a salt rejection rate of ～94–99% when 2000 ppm aqueous salt solution was fed at 200 psi and 25°C. Also, a higher performance nanofiltration membrane could be prepared by suitably swelling the support matrix in the period of polymerization. The results of various feed concentrations showed that permeate flux decreased with increasing salt concentration in the feed solution. This result may be due to concentration polarization on the surface of polyamide membranes. The separation performance of polyamide membranes showed an almost independent relationship with operation pressure until it was up to 200 psi. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 1112–1118, 2002     

Preparation and performance of novel thermal stable composite nanofiltration membrane

The novel thermal stable composite nanofiltration membranes were prepared through the interfacial polymerization of piperazine and trimesoyl chloride on the poly (phthalazinone ether) ultrafiltration substrate. The effects of polymerization and testing conditions on membrane performance were studied. The surface morphologies of the substrate and the composite membranes were observed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The separation properties of membranes for dyes and salts were tested. The composite membranes show good thermal stability. The rejection for Na2SO4 was kept over 96%, while the flux reached 400 L·m⁻²·h⁻¹ when it was tested at 1.0 MPa and 80°C. When tested at 1.0 MPa and 60°C, the rejection of the composite membrane for dyes was kept at high level, and the flux reached 180–210 L·m⁻²·h⁻¹, while the rejection for NaCl was lower than 20%. __________ Translated from the Journal of Functional Materials, 2007, 38(12): 2025–2027, 2031 [译自: 功能材料]     

Preparation and performance of novel thermal stable composite nanofiltration membrane

The novel thermal stable composite nanofiltration membranes were prepared through the interfacial polymerization of piperazine and trimesoyl chloride on the poly (phthalazinone ether) ultrafiltration substrate. The effects of polymerization and testing conditions on membrane performance were studied. The surface morphologies of the substrate and the composite membranes were observed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The separation properties of membranes for dyes and salts were tested. The composite membranes show good thermal stability. The rejection for Na₂SO₄ was kept over 96%, while the flux reached 400 L·m^-2·h^-1 when it was tested at 1.0 MPa and 80°C. When tested at 1.0 MPa and 60°C, the rejection of the composite membrane for dyes was kept at high level, and the flux reached 180–210 Lm^-2·h^-1, while the rejection for NaCl was lower than 20%.     

Preparation and characterization of carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotube/polyamide composite nanofiltration membranes with improved performance

Polyamide thin‐film composite nanofiltration (NF) membranes were prepared via the interfacial polymerization (IP) process of piperazine and 1,3,5‐trimesoyl chloride on the polysulfone/nonwoven fabric ultrafiltration membrane surface. Carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (cMWNTs) were incorporated into the aqueous phase during the IP process to improve the membrane performance. The composition and morphology of the membrane surface were examined by means of attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectrometry, and atomic force microscopy. The effects of the cMWNTs content on the membrane hydrophilicity, separation performance, and antifouling properties were characterized through water contact angle and crossflow filtration measurements. The experimental results show that membrane surface hydrophilicity, water permeability, salt rejection (R ), and antifouling properties all improved. In particular, when the cMWNTs content was 50 ppm, the magnesium sulfate R of the composite NF membrane reached a maximum value of 98.5%; meanwhile, the membrane obtained an obviously enhanced water flux (62.1 L m^?2 h^?1 at 0.7 MPa), which was two times larger than that of the original NF membrane. The modified NF membranes showed enhanced antifouling properties; this was mainly attributed to changes in the microstructures and surface features of the polyamide layer after the addition of the cMWNTs. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134 , 45268.