膨化方式对发芽糙米主要生理活性物质的影响

以发芽糙米为原料,比较微波膨化和挤压膨化对发芽糙米色泽、水溶指数、吸水指数及主要生理活性物质的影响。结果表明,微波膨化和挤压膨化均提高了发芽糙米的吸水指数,分别是原料发芽糙米的1.84倍、2.81倍;L^*值分别降低了9.29%、4.41%。微波、挤压膨化的γ-氨基丁酸含量分别减少了40.42%和24.49%;植酸降解率为6.98%和14.17%;微波膨化能显著提高发芽糙米中谷维素的含量(p<0.05),是原料的1.44倍,而挤压膨化则降低了谷维素的含量,减少了89.2%。微波膨化处理后,γ-氨基丁酸和植酸虽有损失,但与挤压膨化的损失相差不多,且谷维素含量有所提高,因此,微波膨化能较大限度的保留生理活性物质。     

挤压膨化对糙米理化特性的影响

挤压膨化过程中，糙米的淀粉、脂肪、蛋白质、膳食纤维及植酸都发生了有益的变化，淀粉颗粒增大，淀粉颗粒间距加大，有利于生产新型糙米食品。     

挤压膨化对发芽糙米理化性质的影响

以发芽糙米为原料,分析了发芽糙米经过挤压膨化前后的淀粉、蛋白质和氨基酸组成等营养成分含量的变化,研究了挤压膨化对发芽糙米理化性质的影响。结果表明:挤压膨化后发芽糙米中的淀粉、蛋白质和脂肪含量弱有减少,还原糖含量增加,氨基酸含量和组成变化不明显。挤压膨化后,发芽糙米的吸水性和水溶性都分别比未膨化的高出1.28和0.78倍;容重明显降低,糊化度大幅提高;挤压膨化发芽糙米的RVA谱特征值中,热浆黏度、最终黏度和峰值时间较发芽糙米的升高,其他特征值均有所下降;发芽糙米经挤压膨化后变为网状多孔的结构。     

挤压膨化对紫糙米粉营养品质及理化性质的影响

以紫糙米为原料,采用双螺杆挤压膨化技术制备紫糙米挤压粉,分析其挤压前后营养成分、水合性质、糊化特性、热特性以及流变特性等理化性质的变化.结果表明:与原料粉相比,经挤压处理的紫糙米粉总淀粉、支链淀粉、脂肪含量分别下降了12.45％、16.03％、67.45％;蛋白质、总氨基酸、钙和锌含量变化不显著(P>0.05);总酚、...     

低脂膨化糙米果加工工艺及品质研究

膨化米果是人们喜爱的一种休闲产品,目前市场上糙米果产品存在着脂肪含量过高,营养不均衡等问题,市场调查发现,国内糙米果产品脂肪质量分数一般在30%左右,不能满足消费者的健康需求;国外糙米休闲产品采用健康配料、先进的工艺加工出来糙米果脂肪质量分数在10%左右。本研究旨在开发一种低脂的健康米果产品,主要采用双螺旋挤压膨化技术,将糙米粉和不同类型脂肪替代物配料混合均匀,进行挤压膨化,研制出低脂糙米果;同时探索了膨化机的最佳工艺参数;并对不同低脂原料的糙米果进行了质构分析,筛选出品质优良的糙米果。双螺杆挤压膨化机最佳工艺参数:固体喂料量为20 kg/h,液体喂料量为3 kg/h,螺旋杆转速为150 r/min,切割刀转速为800 r/min,五个区温度设置如下:一区110℃,二区160℃,三区200℃,四区210℃,五区160℃。米果质构分析表明,菊粉和果胶作为低脂原料制作的糙米果品质优良,菊粉组与果胶组米果的脂肪质量分数分别为9.23%、9.18%,有效降低了膨化米果脂肪含量。     

挤压膨化对大米和糙米理化与营养特性的影响

以大米和糙米为原料,分析比较了大米和糙米挤压膨化前后理化和营养特性的变化。结果表明,大米和糙米挤压膨化后其水溶性指数和吸水性指数显著提高,大米分别提高了13.9倍1.32倍,糙米分别提高了5.4倍1.45倍,而其Carr指数和Hausner比显著降低,大米分别降低了14.93%和5.6%,糙米分别降低了39.14%和20.83%。脂肪含量显著减少,蛋白质含量没有显著性的变化,还原糖和糊化度显著的增加,大米分别增加了6.68倍和46.73%,而糙米分别增加了11倍和72.97%。同时,挤压膨化降低了米粉的亮度,使其颜色变黄。总的膳食纤维和不溶性膳食纤维降低,可溶性膳食纤维的含量增加。     

糙米及改性糙米对玉米挤压产品特性的影响

以玉米粉为主要原料,分析添加不同比例(0%、10%、20%、30%)的糙米粉和改性发芽糙米粉对玉米粉挤压产品特性的影响。结果表明,改性发芽糙米粉的添加提高了挤压产品的膨化率(添加30%时,提高7.5%),而糙米粉的添加导致膨化率降低(添加30%时,降低10%)。添加改性发芽糙米粉后,膨化产品的破碎最大力和破碎总功总体呈下降的趋势(添加30%时,分别降低19%,32%),糙米粉则相反(添加30%时,分别提高16%、15%)。糙米粉和改性发芽糙米粉的添加,导致色差呈下降趋势。黏度测定表明挤压导致淀粉糊化和降解,但相比糙米粉,添加改性发芽糙米粉的产品黏度较高,且随着添加比例的增加,黏度有一定程度的提高。相对于玉米粉,糙米粉和改性发芽糙米粉的添加使产品的水溶性指数(WSI)呈上升趋势,吸水性指数(WAI)呈下降的趋势,同时添加改性发芽糙米粉的挤压产品WSI低于添加糙米粉的挤压产品,而WAI则相反。     

不同包装方式对高含水量萌芽糙米储藏的影响

将高水分含量(25±1）%的发芽糙米分别用PE袋自然包装、充入CO2和N2包装,纸袋自然包装和纳米包装袋自然包装5种包装方式在25 ℃条件下储藏90天,研究了这5种包装方式的发芽糙米在贮藏过程中的霉菌总数、还原糖、可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸、脂肪酶活力、脂肪酸、丙二醛及表面颜色(L*值、C*值和H°值)的变化。结果表明：PE袋气调包装和纳米包装袋自然包装的效果明显优于纸袋包装,其中PE袋充N2包装储藏效果最佳,PE袋充CO2包装和纳米包装效果次之。     

挤压膨化糙米制备复合粉粥工艺及其性质研究

以糙米粉为主要原料,加入一定量的黄豆粉和苦荞麦粉,利用双螺杆挤压膨化机制作营养速食复合粉粥,研究挤压参数对粥物化性质和感官的影响。糙米中维生素、膳食纤维与矿物质含量丰富,通过加入黄豆、苦荞麦补充更多的优质蛋白、生物类黄酮等多种营养素,使混合粉粥营养更加全面。结果发现:当物料含水量在18%,挤压机三区挤压温度为95℃,螺杆转速为150 r/min时,产品各项综合指标达到最优,得到的产品口感醇厚,粥体爽滑,颜色呈均匀浅黄色并有特殊糙米香味。     

萌芽糙米成分变化情况研究

研究了糙米在发芽过程中的主要成分变化情况,并对变化机理作了简单的探索.通过实验可知:糙米发芽实质是酶活体被激活释放多酶的过程.与精白米相比,萌芽糙米不仅含有更丰富的维生素和矿物质元素等,而且还含有多种促进人体健康和防治疾病的成分.     

亲水胶体对发芽糙米面包品质特性的影响

研究添加不同浓度的胶体(羟丙基甲基纤维素、海藻酸钠、黄原胶)对发芽糙米面包品质的影响。结果表明,不同胶体对面包的改善作用不同,且不同食品胶适宜添加浓度不同。与未添加胶体的发芽糙米面包相比,添加2%的羟丙基甲基纤维素,面包比容增大25%,硬度降低35%,弹性增加9.5%,内聚性增加9.8%;添加0.1%的海藻酸钠,面包比容增大19%,硬度降低31%,弹性增加10%;而添加黄原胶,对高含量发芽糙米面包的品质无明显改善作用。     

发芽糙米在不同储存温度下品质变化的研究

采用模拟发芽糙米在打开包装的状态,通过比较发芽糙米水分、脂肪酸值、直链淀粉、γ-氨基丁酸、霉菌含量和细菌总数的变化,研究发芽糙米在5℃、常温(秋季)、35℃3种不同储存温度下品质的变化。结果表明:发芽糙米在存放过程中,温度对其水分、直链淀粉含量影响较小;但是对其γ-氨基丁酸、霉菌含量和细菌总数影响显著。发芽糙米在高温下储存,品质极易变坏,低温有利于发芽糙米的储存。     

Effects of parboiling and infrared radiation drying on the quality of germinated brown rice

This research investigated the physicochemical properties, bioactive compounds, and microstructure of brown rice (BR) and non-parboiled and parboiled germinated brown rice (GBR and PGBR). The GBR and PGBR were treated by sun, hot-air oven, or infrared irradiation (IR) drying. The results showed that IR drying enhanced the bioactive compounds of non-parboiled GBR, including γ-aminobutyric acid, α-tocopherol, and total phenolic compounds, while γ-oryzanol and antioxidant activity were comparable to BR. Meanwhile, IR drying significantly improved the head rice yield (HRY) of PGBR while reducing fissured grains. Parboiling also affected the color values of rice grains, suggesting the diffusion of husk color into endosperm and the formation of brown polymers by the Maillard reaction. In addition, IR drying altered the internal structure of rice grains, resulting in abundant intercellular voids. Specifically, the IR-dried non-parboiled GBR significantly enhanced essential bioactive compounds and improved HRY while maintaining the color of standard BR.     

Effect of different soaking and germination methods on bioactive compounds of germinated brown rice

Germination of brown rice can be completed by full soaking and partial soaking methods. This study aimed to analyse the influence of germination methods on the bioactive accumulations in germinated brown rice (GBR). Germination was conducted in four treatments: (i) membrane reactor with full (RFS) and (ii) partial soaking method soaking (RAG), (iii) manual soaking for complete germination (MFS) and (iv) partial manual soaking in combination with atmospheric germination (MAG). The results showed that soaking BR in membrane reactor accelerated the shoots' growth and increased GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) content compared with the manual soaking method. The RAG treatment achieved higher GABA content (up to 125 mg/100 g), total phenolic and flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity than other germination methods. The main finding of this research indicates that membrane reactor effectively enhances the growth of sprouts. The combination of partial soaking in membrane reactor and atmospheric germination (RAG) is a suited method to increase GABA accumulation in GBR.     

发芽糙米酸奶发酵特性研究

论文以发芽糙米和奶粉为主要原料,发芽糙米经液化、糖化、乳酸发酵等工艺,研究添加了发芽糙米对酸奶的发酵特性以及品质的影响。实验结果表明:在配方为发芽糙米用量10%,脱脂酸奶的用量15%,食用蔗糖3%,酸奶接种量5%,发酵温度42℃,发酵时间为11h时,含菌量是对照的5倍,达到4.1×108cfu/mL,乳酸菌含量比对照组增加了5倍之多且风味良好,说明发芽糙米具有一定的益菌作用,发芽糙米酸奶具有一定的开发价值。     

不同产地和品种发芽糙米的理化特性与食用品质研究

目的 研究发芽对12种不同产地与品种的糙米的理化特性和食用品质的影响。方法 采用不同浸泡液、低温等方式处理糙米,使之发芽,根据γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-aminobutyric acid, GABA)含量筛选出8种糙米。进一步比较其淀粉与直链淀粉、总酚含量,以及感官品质、质构特性和糊化特性。结果 以5 mg/mL谷氨酸钠溶液浸泡发芽对发芽糙米中GABA的富集效果最好。其中,蚌埠淮粳糯20的GABA含量可达(261.6±4.3) mg/100 g;泰兴9108的GABA含量达(263.1±6.8) mg/100 g,二者发芽率均可达96%。发芽使各品种糙米的色泽向黄红色偏移,总酚含量显著增加(P<0.05),淀粉与直链淀粉含量均显著降低(P<0.05)。发芽后,糙米的糊化崩解值、回生值均显著下降(P<0.05)。不同品种的糙米米饭食用品质均好转,表现为体积膨胀率显著提高(P<0.05)、硬度显著降低(P<0.05),咀嚼性、胶着性降低,黏性增强,感官评分显著提高(P<0.05)。结论 地区和品种是影响发芽糙米GABA含量的重要因素,发芽能有效改善糙米的...     

Effect of modified atmosphere packaging on the quality of germinated parboiled brown rice

Germinated parboiled brown rice (GPBR) is a healthy Thai food. To extend the quality of GPBR cv. KDML 105 with 8.06% moisture content, the effects of three packaging conditions on the characteristics of GPBR were investigated. GPBR in laminated (nylon/LLDPE) bags was sealed as follows: vacuum-sealed, 40% N₂-sealed with 60% CO₂ (60% CO₂+40% N₂), or 100% N₂-sealed before storage under ambient conditions (30±2°C, 70±5% RH) for 15 months. GPBR in all the packages exhibited delayed fungal proliferation and very low aflatoxin B₁ contamination (<0.82 μg/kg). The 100% N₂-sealed package was the best treatment to preserve GPBR quality, as indicated by the highest 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and free fatty acid content as well as the least rancidity and brownness. As observed through a scanning electron microscope, compared with vacuum-sealed packages and those sealed with 60% CO2+40% N₂, the lowest hardness texture and the least elongation of cooked rice in 100% N₂-sealed package were linked to a lesser compact GPBR endosperm ultrastructure.     

Quantitative microbiological profiles of brown rice and germinated brown rice

Among health conscious people, brown rice (BR) and germinated brown rice (GBR) are increasingly more popular for consumption in Korea because their nutritional values are greater than those of ordinary white rice (WR). The overall microbial counts for BR were higher than those for WR and those of GBR were higher than those of BR. Interestingly, the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts in GBR increased markedly and their selected representatives were Weissella confusa, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and Lactobacillus fermentum. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to enumerate and compare LAB loads on WR, BR, and GBR.