常温下超细晶纯钛的制备及其力学性能

在等径通道角挤压法(ECAP)的基础上,通过对挤压试样的设计,提出一种铜包裹着钛棒的ECAP法,最终成功地制备了1、2、4道次超细晶钛,采用这种方法可以在很小的挤压力下实现UFG-Ti的制备。不但有效抑制了钛棒的碎裂,还避免了挤压杆失稳。通过光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)观察了各道次UFG-Ti的微观组织,并利用显微硬度计研究了其硬度变化。利用万能试验机和SHPB系统在不同应变率下进行了压缩试验。结果表明,常温下ECAP处理后纯钛的晶粒明显细化,力学性能显著提高,在准静态和动态压缩载荷作用下其流动应力(10%应变处)分别提升了71%和86%。最后研究了UFG-Ti的应变率敏感性,发现UFG-Ti的流动应力对应变率具有较低的依赖性。     

ECAP制备超细晶钛的力学性能研究

采用等径弯曲通道变形成功实现工业纯钛室温8道次变形.ECAP变形后,工业纯钛晶粒明显细化,力学性能显著提高,抗拉强度从407MPa提高到791MPa,并保持良好塑性,硬度最终达到2641 MPa,成为高性能超细晶纯钛.     

大变形轧制加工条件下纯钛的动态再结晶行为

采用两种工艺方案进行纯钛棒材大变形轧制试验:850℃高温连续大变形轧制;760℃低温大变形轧制,并辅以轧制道次间10 s左右的短时停顿。研究了两种不同工艺条件下纯钛的动态再结晶行为。结果表明,两种轧制方式的纯钛显微组织差异明显:经过工艺1加工后的纯钛横截面组织差异大,表层及心部组织细小、均匀,近表面出现粗晶过渡区域,低倍下呈现蝶状轮廓;经工艺2加工后的纯钛横截面晶粒尺寸较大,近表面粗晶区域小,低倍蝶状轮廓消失。     

等通道转角挤压法制备超细晶纯钛的研究进展

近年来,围绕超细晶纯钛的制备及其性能提升方面开展了许多研究。本文综述了制备超细晶纯钛块材的等通道转角挤压工艺及其重要参数,分析了挤压过程中纯钛的位错滑移及孪晶变形机制。超细晶纯钛的强度、塑性、抗疲劳性能显著提高,而耐蚀性测试结果呈多样性,有待进一步研究。等通道转角挤压和后续热机械处理的结合,可进一步提高超细晶纯钛的综合性能,表明采用ECAP技术制备的超细晶纯钛在各行各业有着广阔的发展前景。     

90°模具室温4道次ECAP变形纯钛的宏观织构演变

采用两通道夹角Φ=90°,外圆角ψ=20°的模具,实现TA1纯钛C方式4道次室温ECAP(Equal Channel Angular Pressing)变形,制备了表面光滑无裂纹的变形试样。研究纯钛室温ECAP变形试样的织构演变特征。结果表明:在ECAP变形初期,基面织构和锥面织构逐渐向P(φ1=45°,φ=0°~90°,φ2=30°)织构旋转,基面织构和锥面织构减少,柱面织构增加,织构的演变是由位错增殖导致微结构变化引起的。在变形后期因晶粒细化,织构演变主要由整个晶粒的旋转来形成剪切织构,基面织构逐渐增加。     

锆离子轰击对纯锆腐蚀行为的影响

为了研究自离子轰击对纯锆耐蚀性的影响,用MEVVA源对纯锫样品进行了1×1015至2×1017ions/cm2的自离子轰击,注入温度为170℃,加速电压为50 kV.用X射线光电子谱(XPS)对注入表面各元素进行价态分析;用Auger电子能谱(AES)分析氧化膜厚度.三次极化测量用来评价轰击样品在1 mol/L H2SO4溶液中的耐蚀性.用掠射X射线衍射(GAXRD)分析自离子轰击造成的氧化膜相转变.研究表明: 5×1016 Zr ions/cm2自离子轰击样品的耐蚀性最好.对自离子轰击纯锆的腐蚀行为机理进行了讨论.     

工业纯钛板材的轧制织构及微观组织对其孪晶和再结晶行为的依赖性

将工业纯钛(CP-Ti)板轧制至不同程度,随后进行退火以及进行20％的再轧制.通过电子背散射衍射(EBSD)对合金微观组织的变化进行表征.重新轧制后,{11(2)2}＜(1)(1)23＞压缩孪晶和{10(1)2}＜10(1)1＞拉伸孪晶产生.可以观察到孪晶的层状结构,这是由变形孪晶的缠结以及二次和三次孪晶的产生引起的....     

纯钼与纯钛电化学去毛刺实验研究

为消除由纯钼和纯钛加工成的待加工件表面出现的金属重熔层和毛刺,选用电化学去毛刺工艺来去除这些待加工件上的金属重熔层和毛刺。电化学去毛刺工艺利用电化学阳极溶解的原理去除间隙的毛刺,其具有对工件无机械力、与工件材料硬度无关等优点因此其在加工高硬度和高韧性的金属工件上有着天然优势。通过使用不同电解液,运用电化学去毛刺的加工手段分别测试用电火花线切割加工过的钼片和钛片的去毛刺效果,得到了在30℃的电解液温度和5V的加工电压以及5s的加工时长下,电化学去毛刺加工在对纯钼和纯钛的加工上有着很明显的效果的结果。     

通道截面形状对纯钛室温ECAP变形影响的有限元分析

采用有限元软件Deform-3D对室温纯钛等径弯曲通道变形(ECAP)过程进行数值模拟,分析了不同等通道截面形状条件下载荷变化、变形行为以及等效应变分布情况。结果表明:不同截面形状试样随着通道截面圆角增大,端部效应有所增加,试样与出口通道上壁之间的缝隙增大;不同通道截面挤压的行程载荷曲线趋势一致,常用的方形截面(R=0 mm)ECAP挤压时载荷最大;ECAP挤压后,试样纵向上等效应变从中部向两端递减,竖直方向上等效应变从上到下逐渐下降;方形(R=0 mm)和圆形(R=10 mm)截面ECAP挤压的等效应变较高,特别是圆形截面ECAP挤压心部等效应变要高于外表,这有别于其他塑性变形形式。     

钇和铈离子注入纯锆的腐蚀行为研究

为了研究铈,钇离子注入对纯锆耐蚀性的影响,纯锆样品用MEVVA源以40 kV注入1×1016 ions/cm2至1×1017 ions/cm2剂量的钇和铈,注入最高温度约为150℃.用X光电子谱仪(XPS)分析注入表层元素的价态;在1 mol/L硫酸溶液中3次极化测量来研究注入样品的耐蚀性.对于钇离子注入,当注入剂量大于5×1016 ions/cm2时,注入样品的耐蚀性显著提高.用掠角X射线衍射(GAXRD)研究氧化膜中由于铈离子注入发生的相转移.三次极化测量表明注铈样品与空白样品相比,耐蚀性下降许多.最后分别对注入钇和铈样品的腐蚀行为机理进行了探讨.     

Annealing effects on the corrosion resistance of ultrafine-grained pure titanium

The effect of annealing on the corrosion behaviour of the ultrafine-grained pure titanium (Ti) produced by high-ratio differential speed rolling was examined in a 0.5 M H₂SO₄ solution using potentiodynamic polarisation and weight loss methods. The results indicated that post-rolling annealing significantly affected the corrosion resistance of ultrafine-grained Ti. It was concluded that annealing treatments leading to a decrease in dislocation density and residual stress while maintaining an ultrafine grain size and strong basal texture can allow for the development of pure Ti with a good combination of high strength and high corrosion resistance.     

Static mechanical properties and ductility of biomedical ultrafine-grained commercially pure titanium produced by ECAP process

Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) is one of the most effective processes to produce ultra-fine grain (UFG) and nanocrystalline (NC) materials. Because the commercially pure titanium exhibits excellent biocompatibility properties, it has a significant potential to be utilized as an implant material. The low static and dynamic strengths of the pure titanium are one of the weaknesses of this material. This defect can be removed by applying the ECAP process on the pure titanium. In this work, the commercially pure titanium Grade 2 (CP-Ti of Grade 2) was pressed at room temperature by the ECAP process via a channel angle of 135° for 3 passes. The microstructural analysis and mechanical tests such as tensile test, hardness test, three-point bending test and Charpy impact test were all carried out on the ECAPed CP-Ti through 3 passes. The microstructural evolution reveals that by applying the ECAP process, coarse grain (CG) structure develops to UFG/NC structure. Moreover, the results of the mechanical tests show that the process significantly increases the yield and ultimate tensile strengths, bending strength, hardness and fracture toughness of the commercially pure titanium so that it can be used as a replacement for metallic alloys used as biomaterials.     

Comparative effect of grain size and texture on the corrosion behaviour of commercially pure titanium processed by equal channel angular pressing

The effect of grain size and texture on the corrosion properties of commercially pure titanium was investigated. Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) was used to produce different grain size and various crystallographic orientations. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was employed to measure the corresponding surfaces’ general corrosion resistance. Samples with the (0 0 0 2) planes parallel to the surface were found to offer the highest corrosion resistance, regardless of their grain size.     

Electrochemical behaviour of commercially pure titanium and Co—Cr alloy in Ringer‘s solution

The electrochemical behaviors of commercially pure titanium(CP Ti) and Co-Cr alloy in Ringer‘s solution have been investigated.The results indicate that the electric potential of passive region for CP Ti is up to 3000mV,and its passive current density is 3.078 μA/cm^2,The excellent corrosion resistance of CP Ti can be attributed to the formation of TiO2 oxide film.The passive region of Co-Cr alloy is 770mV,which is narrower than that of CP Ti.However,no hystersis loops are found in the reverse scanning curves of Cu-Cr alloy.A complex oxide film of Co3O4,Co2O3,and Cr2O3 formed on the surface provides Co-Cr alloy with a stable electrochemistry property.The corrosion rates of the crevice samples increase with the pH value of medium decreasing.The electron probe microanalyzer(EPMA) analysis indicates that Ti in CP Ti and Co,Cr in Co-Cr alloy dissolve in crevice area due to the Sealed-Cell effect.     

Microstructure and textural evolution during cold rolling and annealing of commercially pure titanium sheet

The effects of cold rolling and annealing on the microstructure and textural evolution of a commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) sheet were investigated. Electron backscatter diffractometry demonstrates that the deformation during rolling is accommodated by twinning and slip. Additionally, twinning is the dominant deformation mechanism when the cold rolling reduction is less than 40%. During rolling, $\left\{11\overline{2}2\right\}〈11\overline{2}\overline{3}〉$ contraction twinning (CT) and $\left\{10\overline{1}2\right\}〈10\overline{1}1〉$ extension twinning (ET) are activated. And, the intensity of the (0002) pole along the ND gradually increases with increasing deformation. During annealing, the fraction of low angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) and the intensity of the (0002) pole along the ND gradually decrease slightly with increasing annealing time, while twinning lamellae disappear rapidly. When the annealing time reaches 60 min, 20% cold-rolled sheet recrystallizes almost completely.     

Sulphuric acid corrosion of ultrafine-grained mild steel processed by equal-channel angular pressing

A bulk ultrafine-grained (UFG) mild steel with a ferrite grain size of approximately 200 nm and a dispersed distribution of iron carbide particles was fabricated by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) at 400 °C. The corrosion behaviour of the ECAP-processed mild steel and pure iron was investigated in a 0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄ solution. They exhibited a higher corrosion rate and better anodic passivity properties due to the presence of more crystalline defects. As a result of the refinement of the iron carbide particles, the forming ability of a continuous dense passive film was improved.     

Unipolar plasma electrolytic oxidation: Waveform optimisation for corrosion resistance of commercially pure titanium

This study deals with the anodisation of titanium grade 2 in 0.5-M sulphuric acid using a pulsed signal in a unipolar regime. The electrical parameters investigated are voltage, frequency and duty cycle. The use of duty cycles with a high percentage of anodic polarisation (90%), combined with high frequencies (1000 Hz) and the higher voltage tested (220 V), favoured the establishment of a plasma regime involving strong dielectric discharges, allowing the growth of thicker oxides but with rough architecture. The corrosion resistance of the formed film has been characterised by potentiodynamic tests in 0.5-M NaBr for localised corrosion resistance and by immersion tests in 10% v/v sulphuric acid solution for a uniform corrosion assessment. Current–time curves, visual observations and electron microscope analysis (scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) were the tools selected to provide a correlation between technological parameters and oxide growth mechanism. For localised and uniform corrosion, anodisation at 220 V with a high level of anodic polarisation (90%) and frequency (1000 Hz) was verified to be particularly advantageous.     

Influence of different rolling routes on mechanical anisotropy and formability of commercially pure titanium sheet

Influence of three different rolling routes on mechanical anisotropy and formability of commercially pure titanium sheet was investigated. Route A and Route B are unidirectional rolling (UR) where the rolling direction is along initial rolling direction (RD) and transverse direction (TD), respectively. Route C is cross rolling (CR) where the rolling direction is changed by 90° after each rolling pass. The microstructure and texture, tensile mechanical properties including strength and elongation, and also the anisotropy of the UR and CR sheets were investigated at room temperature. The XRD results indicate that the texture intensity of rolled samples gradually weakens from Route A to Route C. Compared with Route A and Route B rolled samples, the Route C rolled samples show a smaller planar anisotropy. The deep drawing tests reveal that cross rolling can avoid the occurrence of earing. Erichsen tests indicate that rolling routes have an effect on stretch formability of pure titanium sheet.