城市污水管道实际健康度评价模型及应用研究

根据现状管道破坏数据及其对环境影响的后果建立了城市污水管道实际健康度评价指标体系,基于属性理论提出了城市污水管道实际健康度属性综合评价模型,并运用此模型对四川岳池城东新区城市污水管道的实际健康度进行了综合评价.评价结果表明,运用城市污水管道属性综合评价模型得到的实际健康度,可以客观地反映城市污水管道实际整体健康状况,可为确定管道维护顺序和维护方案提供理论依据.     

城市污水管道维护优化决策模型的研究

在研究污水管道维护费用函数的基拙上,提出了城市污水管道维护优化决策模型,并运用该优化决策模型对四川岳池城东新区123段城市污水管道进行了维护优化决策.优化决策结果为:需采取维护措施的污水管道共19段,约占总管段数的15.44%,其中两段污水管道采取"更新"方案、两段污水管道采取"软管内衬"方案、巧段污水管道采取"清淤"方案;其余104段污水管道无需采取维护措施而只例行检查.实例计算结果表明:应用城市污水管道维护优化决策模型得到的决策是有效的,可为污水管道的维护提供决策支持.     

顶管技术在市政道路污水管道施工中的应用

污水管道主要起到排放城市污水作用,是市政道路工程的重要组成部分.污水管道施工效果对市政道路的运行具有直接影响.顶管技术是一项有效的施工技术,在污水管道施工中应用的也较为广泛,可满足污水管道施工要求.为进一步提高顶管技术在污水管道中施工效果,还需以工程实例为主要研究对象,科学、合理地选择和运用顶管技术,保证市政道路污水管道施工质量.     

污水管道多功能作业机器人设计方案

针对城市污水管道堵塞或破损现象的清理、检查及修复等问题,提出一种能够适应城市污水管道非开挖施工作业的多功能机器人设计方案。该机器人设计采用电控液压驱动、分节铰链设计方式,整体结构由清理机构、移动机构、控制箱、检测机构和修复机构等4部分组成,根据不同的作业任务,可将各节进行相应的组合。该机器人能够在不破坏管道结构和地面路基完整性的情况下,实现在污水管道内部的行走,并进行强制性清理和疏通,且能够利用压力传感器、超声波传感器和CCD图像传感器等完成对污水管道堵塞、破损情况的定位和检测,根据检测结果对污水管道进行修复,消除了传统的污水管道开挖施工作业方式对道路的破坏以及对公共交通的影响,且能够提高施工效率。     

市政雨污水管道施工工艺实例探究

市政雨污水管道施工质量如何对于城市污水、雨水的正常收集和排放都有重要的影响。只有完善市政雨污水管道的施工工艺,才能够真正意义上确保城市污水和雨水的正常排放。本文结合工程实例,重点分析了市政雨污水管道施工工艺。     

改进的层次分析法和灰色关联分析在寒区隧道保温材料选择中的应用

通过对寒区隧道工程中常见的保温材料主要技术指标的对比分析,以高海拔寒区白茫雪山1#公路隧道为依托,提出运用改进的层次分析法和灰色关联分析相结合的综合评判方法来构建评价指标模型。运用改进的层次分析法来确定保温材料评价指标的权值,进而以灰色关联度作为判定评价对象优劣的准则,建立了一种综合评价模型。最后对隧道保温层不同铺设方式下保温材料的选择做出总体的评价,研究分析结果表明:当保温材料表面铺设时,应优先采用福利凯保温板;当保温材料夹层铺设时,应优先采用硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料;这为寒区隧道保温材料的选择提供了参考。     

城市污水管道的混凝土腐蚀机理与耐久性设计

城市污水管道是重要的基础设施,对城市生态安全、社会生产发展等都起着至关重要的作用。对某市污水管道的混凝土腐蚀情况进行调查分析,在此基础上开展了室内模拟腐蚀试验研究,提出了污水管道混凝土的耐久性设计方法。研究表明:该城市污水管道混凝土腐蚀破坏的主要因素为硫酸盐侵蚀;采用矿物掺合料、聚丙烯纤维对管道混凝土进行改性,能够有效提高管道混凝土在污水腐蚀环境中的耐久性,双掺粉煤灰和矿渣并添加适量聚丙烯纤维(CX组)的效果最佳,与原配比混凝土相比,CX组混凝土的立方体抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度分别提高了20. 7%和16. 9%。在试验条件下,水泥基结晶型防水涂料对于管道混凝土耐久性的改善尚不明显。     

基于熵值—灰色关联分析模型的产业结构转换能力评价

从产业结构转换能力的概念及其影响因素出发,构建了产业结构转换能力的评价指标体系,在此基础上提出了基于熵值法和灰色关联分析法的熵值——灰色关联综合评价模型.该模型不仅将产业结构转换视为灰色系统,而且考虑了评价指标与评价对象之间的相互联系,并且运用该模型对西部具有代表性7省的产业结构转换能力进行了综合评价,得到其产业结构转换能力的排序,充分证明了指标体系和评价模型的有效性和可实践性.     

灰色关联模型用于工程方案优化

针对目前在城市污水处理厂的可行性方案比较和选择中，存在主观随意性较大的问题，将模糊数学中的灰色关联分析法与工程优化中多目标决策思想相结合，建立了城市污水处理厂工程方案优化的灰色关联多目标决策模型，并对模型中的评价指标引入了权重的概念。该模型应用于钱塘江流域某城市污水处理厂工程方案的优化选择，取得了较为满意的效果。     

灰色关联分析法（GRAP）在油库风险评价中的应用

基于灰色系统理论,构建层次分析法(AHP)与灰色关联分析方法(GRAP)集成的风险评价模型.通过进行相应事故后果计算,得出油库实际总风险评价的大小及对环境的影响,提出了对大型石油库进行综合风险分析及安全管理工作的建议.     

基于GPRS的市政下水道气体安全监测预警系统

为提高城市市政下水道气体环境监测的可靠性和实时性,开发了市政下水道气体安全监测预警系统,并应用于重庆市下水道.该系统是一种基于通用无线分组业务(GPRS)的下水道气体远程在线监测服务平台,由传感器模块、信号处理模块、数据传输模块以及监控中心处理层组成,可及时、准确地显示可燃气体(CH4)浓度超限的市政下水道所在位置.测试结果表明:该系统的年发送成功率达到99.0%,相对误差<2%.该监测预警系统的建设为防止下水道可燃气体泄漏引发爆炸、人员中毒等事故的发生提供了保障.     

A Bayesian network model to assess the public health risk associated with wet weather sewer overflows discharging into waterways

Overflows from sanitary sewers during wet weather, which occur when the hydraulic capacity of the sewer system is exceeded, are considered a potential threat to the ecological and public health of the waterways which receive these overflows. As a result, water retailers in Australia and internationally commit significant resources to manage and abate sewer overflows. However, whilst some studies have contributed to an increased understanding of the impacts and risks associated with these events, they are relatively few in number and there still is a general lack of knowledge in this area. A Bayesian network model to assess the public health risk associated with wet weather sewer overflows is presented in this paper. The Bayesian network approach is shown to provide significant benefits in the assessment of public health risks associated with wet weather sewer overflows. In particular, the ability for the model to account for the uncertainty inherent in sewer overflow events and subsequent impacts through the use of probabilities is a valuable function. In addition, the paper highlights the benefits of the probabilistic inference function of the Bayesian network in prioritising management options to minimise public health risks associated with sewer overflows.     

Microbial risks associated with exposure to pathogens in contaminated urban flood water

Urban flood incidents induced by heavy rainfall in many cases entail flooding of combined sewer systems. These flood waters are likely to be contaminated and may pose potential health risks to citizens exposed to pathogens in these waters. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microbial risk associated with sewer flooding incidents. Concentrations of Escherichia coli, intestinal enterococci and Campylobacter were measured in samples from 3 sewer flooding incidents. The results indicate faecal contamination: faecal indicator organism concentrations were similar to those found in crude sewage under high-flow conditions and Campylobacter was detected in all samples. Due to infrequent occurrence of such incidents only a small number of samples could be collected; additional data were collected from controlled flooding experiments and analyses of samples from combined sewers. The results were used for a screening-level quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA). Calculated annual risks values vary from 5 × 10⁻⁶ for Cryptosporidium assuming a low exposure scenario to 0.03 for Giardia assuming a high exposure scenario. The results of this screening-level risk assessment justify further research and data collection to allow more reliable quantitative assessment of health risks related to contaminated urban flood waters.     

Measuring surplus capacity for multiobjective optimal design of foul sewer systems

ABSTRACT

This paper proposes a new performance index of foul sewer systems, i.e. sewer conveyance capacity (SCC) index, to quantify the surplus capacity for multi-objective optimization design problems. The use of the new SCC index is demonstrated using a hypothetical network and a real-world foul sewer network. Results obtained show clear trade-offs between SCC and the other two objectives considered, i.e., capital and operational costs and greenhouse gas emissions. The results show that the upstream sewers in the system often have a relatively large surplus capacity, while the sewer mains operate close to the design capacity. Moreover, SCC is compared with three common indicators at both individual sewer and system-wide levels. Strong correlations between SCC and other indicators are revealed, implying that SCC is a good representation of system performance and can provide a more comprehensive picture of the foul sewer system performance.     

城市污水管网信息资料的管理

简要介绍了城市污水管网信息资料管理的现状和GIS的发展及特点,分析了城市污水管网信息资料的记录内容、特点和城市污水管网地理信息系统总体框架。论述了GIS应用于城市污水管网管理具有重要的现实意义和很好的应用前景。     

Stochastic modeling of total suspended solids (TSS) in urban areas during rain events

The load of total suspended solids (TSS) is one of the most important parameters for evaluating wet-weather pollution in urban sanitation systems. In fact, pollutants such as heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phosphorous and organic compounds are adsorbed onto these particles so that a high TSS load indicates the potential impact on the receiving waters. In this paper, a stochastic model is proposed to estimate the TSS load and its dynamics during rain events. Information on the various simulated processes was extracted from different studies of TSS in urban areas. The model thus predicts the probability of TSS loads arising from combined sewer overflows (CSOs) in combined sewer systems as well as from stormwater in separate sewer systems in addition to the amount of TSS retained in treatment devices in both sewer systems. The results of this TSS model illustrate the potential of the stochastic modeling approach for assessing environmental problems.     

基于管道沉积物控制的CSOs污染负荷削减分析

管道沉积物是合流制排水系统溢流(CSOs)污染的重要来源,因此控制沉积物对于削减CSOs污染具有重要意义。在合流制排水系统截流泵站的上游管道中安装穿孔管,给穿孔管提供高压水产生7.5 m/s以上的射流以冲洗管道,同时在截流泵站内设置旋流分离系统来去除冲洗水中的沉积物。对于水层较浅、管径为DN400、管长为40 m、沉积层厚度为3 cm的管道,可使管道流中的SS从冲洗前的75～170 mg/L增加到2 500～3 000 mg/L,且在2～3 min内冲洗干净。旋流分离器对冲洗水中SS的去除率达到55.6%。两周一次的管道例行清洗维护,可使CSOs中污染物降低25%左右,减轻了受纳水体的污染负荷。     

On hydraulic and pollution effects of converting combined sewer catchments to separate sewer catchments

The overall objective of this paper is to contribute to the standing debate concerning the advantages of separate sewer systems compared to traditional combined sewer systems. By a case study this investigation reveals that transformation of part of a town from being serviced with combined sewer systems to become serviced with separate sewer systems decreases the volumes of storm water and pollutants diverted to the waste water treatment plant and discharged as combined sewer overflow. This happens at the expense of an increase in volumes of storm water and pollutant loads diverted to local receiving waters when detention ponds are not built-in the new separate sewer systems. It is concluded that consequences can be fatal for receiving waters, if no retention of pollutants is integrated into the system.     

合流制排水管道沉积物及其模型研究进展

在合流制排水系统中,管道沉积物不但影响系统的正常运行,而且在雨天时随着溢流排放被冲刷释放,造成雨天出流污染负荷的增加,成为水体面源污染的重要组成部分。因此,开展排水管道沉积物的研究不仅有利于改善排水系统的运行状况,也有利于水体污染的控制。介绍了排水管道沉积物的来源、构成、性质以及国外管道沉积物的模型研究进展,并总结了其中的不足,以期为我国开展此方面的研究提供参考依据、基础以及研究方向。