共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Raúl Sánchez-Vioque Alfonso Clemente Javier Vioque Juan Bautista Francisco Millán 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1998,75(7):851-855
The neutral lipids composition of defatted chickpea flour and two types of protein isolates has been studied. The main compounds
in neutral lipids are triacylglycerols, free fatty acids, and diacylglycerols. Other compounds present are wax esters, free
fatty alcohols, and free sterols. The main fatty acids in neutral lipids are C18:2 and C18:1 among the unsaturated, and C16:0 and C18:0 among the saturated acids. Free and esterified alcohols range from C16:0 to C28:0, the majority being those with an even number of carbon atoms. Sterols observed are β-sito-sterol, campesterol, stigmasterol,
and δ-5-avenasterol. Triacyl-glycerols are partially hydrolyzed, and the amounts of unsaturated sterols and unsaturated fatty
acids are reduced as a result of the chemical treatment during production of the protein isolates. 相似文献
2.
Synthesis and Surface Active Properties of Sulfonated Acrylate Esters Based on Al‐Cedre Oil
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of surfactants and detergents》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Wagdy Ibrahim A. El-Dougdoug Mohamed Abo Riya Basma A. Mahy 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2015,18(4):681-688
Sulfonated acrylate esters have been synthesized by using renewable raw materials such as fatty alcohols of Al‐Ceder oil. Mixed fatty acids were isolated from Al‐Ceder oil by hydrolysis; both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were isolated from the mixed fatty acids. The methyl esters of mixed fatty acid, saturated and unsaturated acids of Al‐Cedre oil were subjected to reduction with (LiAlH4) to give the corresponding fatty alcohols. The products of the reduction process were saponified and the hydroxyl values were estimated to further confirm the reduction occurrence. The acrylate esters were synthesized by esterification of acrylic acid with fatty alcohols of C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, and C18:2 mixed saturated, mixed unsaturated and mixed fatty acids of Al‐Cedre oil, respectively. This esterification was followed by addition of NaHSO3 to form bisulfite adducts. The structures of the prepared surfactants were characterized by IR and 1HNMR spectroscopy. A series of useful surface parameters, stability towards acids and base hydrolysis and calcium stability have been determined. 相似文献
3.
Elena Pastor-Cavada Rocio Juan Julio E. Pastor Manuel Alaiz Javier Vioque 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2009,86(4):329-335
The fatty acid composition of the seed oil of 19 wild legume species from southern Spain was analyzed by gas chromatography.
The main seed oil fatty acids ranged from C14:0 to C20:0. Among unsaturated fatty acids, the most abundant were linoleic, oleic and linolenic acids, except for Lathyrus angulatus, L. aphaca, L. clymenum, L. sphaericus and L. nigricans where C18:3 contents were higher than C18:1 contents. Palmitic acid was the most abundant saturated acid in studied species, ranging from 11.6% in Lathyrus sativus to 19.3% in Lens nigricans. All studied species showed higher amounts of total unsaturated fatty acids than saturated ones. Among studied species, the
ω6/ω3 ratio was variable, ranging from 2.0% in L. nigricans to 13.8% in L. sativus, there being eight species in which the ω6/ω3 ratio was below 5. The fatty acids observed in these plants supports the use
of these plants as a source of important dietary lipids. 相似文献
4.
Tris isovalerate-supplementedTetrahymena pyriformis W showed no qualitative change in fatty acid composition; however, an increase in polar lipids that contain odd numbered
iso acids (C13, C15, C17, C19) occurred. This change was accompanied by a decrease in the proportional amount of even numbered normal acids (C14, C16, C18). The neutral and polar lipids from cells incubated with [1-14C] isovaleric acid were found to contain radioactivity. The methyl esters of the saturated fatty acids obtained from the polar
lipids by alkaline methanolysis were separated by reversed phase chromatography, the identities confirmed by gas chromatography-mass
spectrometry, and the specific activities determined. Iso acids were found to be the most heavily labeled materials. In addition
to ceramide, two sphingolipid components were detected. One yielded saturated fatty acids after acidic methanolysis, while
the other contained >93% α-hydroxy fatty acids. Radioactivity was noted in the long chain base fraction derived from the sphingolipids.
Progressive growth inhibition occurred as the isovalerate concentration was increased in the culture medium; however, the
ciliates were morphologically indistinguishable from unsupplemented cells. 相似文献
5.
Distribution of the individual fatty acids in the triglycerides of lard was determined by fractional crystallization, partial
enzymatic hydrolysis with steapsin, and fatty acid analyses by GLC. It was found that none of the individual fatty acids corresponded
to a random distribution in the crystallization fractions, but that the distribution of the total saturated and total unsaturated
acids was very nearly random. The short chain fatty acids, C14 and C16, both saturated and unsaturated, were found to be more predominant in the 2-position than in the 1- and 3-positions of the
lard triglycerides. All of the C18 fatty acids were found to be more predominant in the 1- and 3-positions. 相似文献
6.
The fatty acids and nonsaponifiable lipids ofEimeria tenella oocysts were analyzed by gas liquid chromatography and combined gas liquid chromatographymass spectrometry. The fatty acids
detected were identified as C14∶0, C16∶0, C16∶1, C18∶0, C18∶1, and C18∶2. Though the wt of the fatty acid fraction decreased during sporulation from 91 μg per 106 oocysts to 47 μg per 106 oocysts, the relative amounts of these fatty acids did not change appreciably. The nonsaponifiable lipids ofE. tenella consisted of cholesterol and unbranched primary alcohols of 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, and 32 carbons. Mass fragmentography demonstrated
that each species of alcohol consisted of saturated and monounsaturated derivatives. Trimethylsilyl ethers of fatty alcohols
were found to offer several important advantages over free alcohols for mass spectrometric characterization. Before sporulation,
most fatty alcohols were in the oocyst wall. During sporulation, the wt of the nonsaponifiable lipids increased from 16 μg
per 106 oocysts of 44 μg per 106 oocysts due largely to synthesis of C24 and C26 alcohols. The newly synthesized fatty alcohols were not deposited in the oocyst wall. 相似文献
7.
Panayiotis V. Ioannou Maria A. Lala Gerasimos M. Tsivgoulis 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》2011,113(11):1357-1362
Pure tetraesters of erythritol with C10, C12, C14, C16, C18 saturated, and C18:1 unsaturated (oleoyl) fatty acyl chains have been prepared for the first time and characterized using the acylating systems fatty acid/N,N′‐dicyclohexylcarbodiimide/4‐dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), fatty acid anhydride/DMAP, fatty acyl chloride/pyridine, and fatty acyl chloride/boron trifluoride etherate. For the first three systems the yields were in the range of 80–90% while the fatty acyl chloride/pyridine system has the advantage of lower cost. The fatty acyl chloride/boron trifluoride etherate system gave lower (ca 70%) yields of the tetraesters. The tetraesters of erythritol may have applications analogues to those of triglycerides. In addition, new applications can be envisaged for these compounds, as a result of their differences in physical, chemical, and biochemical properties compared to triglycerides. Practical applications: The tetraesters of erythritol with saturated fatty acyl chains may have applications analogous to those of saturated triglycerides. However, tetraesters with unsaturated fatty acid chains may have greater prospects of having industrial uses after doing chemistry on the carbon–carbon double bonds. 相似文献
8.
Zi-Long Deng Jian-Ping Yuan Yan Zhang Xiao-Ming Xu Chou-Fei Wu Juan Peng Jiang-Hai Wang 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2013,90(10):1495-1502
Free and esterified ergosterols are detected almost solely in fungi and are often employed as a biomarker of living fungi. In this work, the fatty acid composition and δ13C values of major fatty acids in triglycerides and ergosteryl esters from the fungus Ganoderma lucidum were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometer and gas chromatography–isotopic ratio mass spectrometer, respectively. The results showed that the fatty acid profiles varied in triglycerides and ergosteryl esters. The percentage of saturated fatty acids in ergosteryl esters was remarkably higher than that in triglycerides, where C18:1Δ9c was the predominant fatty acid and constituted 61.26 % of the total fatty acids. In contrast, C16:0 was the predominant fatty acid and constituted 71.88 % of the total fatty acids in ergosteryl esters. The study suggests that, after fungal death, free ergosterols in the cell membrane of the dead fungus were esterified with preferentially saturated fatty acids, mainly C16:0, from triglycerides and then stored in lipid particles for a longer period while free ergosterol markedly decreased. The δ13C values of C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 and C18:2 in ergosteryl esters exhibit a pronounced depletion in 13C compared with that in triglycerides within the range of ?1.3 to ?0.9 ‰, supporting the above inference. It is again suggested that free ergosterol in the cell membrane should be used as an indicator of living fungi, and ergosteryl esters in the lipid particles should not be included in the measurement of living fungal biomass. 相似文献
9.
Pigeon “milk” (PM) collected from the crop of 1- to 5-day-old squabs was analyzed to examine whether there were changes in
lipid composition during the first week of secretion. The high PM fat content (9–11%) remained fairly constant in the first
5 days of secretion. The mean percentage of neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids was 80, 12 and 8%, respectively.
Unlike the content of neutral lipids, glycolipid and phospholipid levels increased significantly between day 1 and day 5 of
secretion. Triglycerides, the major neutral lipids, decreased by 24% between day 1 and day 5, while free sterols, monoglycerides
and hydrocarbons increased by 8%, 11% and 2.5%, respectively, during the same period; diglycerides and sterol esters, however,
remained unchanged. The ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids was 0.27 and it remained unchanged. Medium-chain (C10, C12 and C14) and oddchain (C15 and C17) fatty acid contents were low. Fatty acids longer than C20 were absent. Palmitic acid, the major saturated fatty acid, increased by 42% from day 1 to day 5, whereas stearic acid decreased
by 48% during the same period. Oleic acid, the predominant unsaturated fatty acid, also decreased from 51 to 45% between the
first and fifth day of PM secretion. Polyunsaturated acids (18∶2, 18∶3 and 20∶4) accounted for 26% and 30% of the total fatty
acids on day 1 and day 5, respectively. Although lipid changes in the crop of squabs prior to collection of samples cannot
totally be ruled out, the nature of lipid changes is likely to reflect cellular breakdown that precedes PM secretion by parent
pigeons. 相似文献
10.
Paul W. C. Green 《Journal of chemical ecology》2009,35(9):1096-1107
Extracts of whole booklice (Liposcelis bostrychophila)—sequentially extracted in hexane and aqueous 80% methanol (80%MeOH)—repel conspecifics. A methanol-soluble fraction (MFr) of the 80% methanol extract was more repellent than either its corresponding water fraction (WFr) or the hexane extract. The repellent effect of the MFr was repeatable across extracts prepared on different occasions over a 1 month period. Gas chromatography, mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses showed that saturated (C16; C18) monoenoic (C16:1; C18:1) and a dienoic fatty acid (C18:2) and the corresponding methyl esters of all but C16:1 and C18 constituted approximately 95% and 30%, of the detected compounds in the methanol fractions and the hexane extract, respectively. Qualitative thin layer chromatography showed that cholesterol was present in methanol fractions and the hexane extract, and also enabled tentative identification of triacylglycerols and phospholipids in the methanol fractions. Extracts of wheatgerm, dried skimmed milk powder, active yeast, and wholemeal flour—L. bostrychophila dietary components—were analyzed by GC-MS, and C16, C18:1 and C18:2 were detected, indicating that C18 and the methyl esters were not directly extractable and/or that they were products of booklice metabolism. A fatty acid amide (stearamide) previously identified in cuticular extracts of L. bostrychophila was not detected, and therefore was not responsible for the observed biological activity. Pure fatty acids and fatty acid methyl esters repelled settling of L. bostrychophila at 10 mM, with the exception of palmitic and stearic acids, indicating, among other things, a difference between the efficacy of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. The effect of concentrations <10 mM was less significant, although palmiteoleic acid appeared to be attractive to L. bostrychophila at 0.1 mM. Fatty acids and fatty acid methyl esters were at a much lower concentration than 10 mM in the repellent methanol fractions, indicating that an interaction between known and as yet unidentified compounds is likely. The significance of fatty acids in relation to the biology and behavior of L. bostrychophila and their potential for use in traps and monitoring are discussed. 相似文献
11.
Plant tissues expressing a mammalian stearoyl-CoA Δ9 desaturase were reported to accumulate Δ9 hexadecenoic acid (16∶1), normally
very minor in most plant tissues. The transgenic plants were thoroughly analyzed for alterations of individual lipids in different
subcellular sites. Western blot analysis indicated that the animal desaturase was targeted to the microsomes. The Δ9 16∶1
was incorporated into both the sn-1 and sn-2 positions of all the major membrane lipids tested, indicating that the endoplasmic reticulum acyltransferases do not exclude
unsaturated C16 fatty acids from the sn-2 position. In addition to increases in monounsaturated and decreases in saturated fatty acids, accumulation of 16∶1 was
accompanied by a reduction in 18∶3 in all the lipids tested except phosphatidylglycerol, and increases in 18∶2 in phospholipids.
Total C16 fatty acid content in the galactolipids of the transgenics was significantly higher than that in the control, but those in
the phospholipids were unchanged. In transgenics, Δ11 18∶1 was detected in the sn-1 position of the lipids tested except phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine. Introduction of the animal desaturase,
controlled by a seed-specific phaseolin promoter, into soybean somatic embryo resulted in a significant reduction in saturated
fatty acids. Such effects were greater in cotyledons than hypocotyl-radicles. This study demonstrated that the animal desaturase
can be used to decrease the levels of saturated fatty acids in a crop plant. 相似文献
12.
GC-FID/MS Analysis of Fatty Acids in Indian Cultivars of Moringa oleifera: Potential Sources of PUFA
R. K. Saini N. P. Shetty P. Giridhar 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2014,91(6):1029-1034
In the present investigation, the fatty acid profile was analysed in vegetative and reproductive parts of eight commercially cultivated Indian cultivars of Moringa oleifera and verified by gas chromatography mass spectra. In leaves, α-linolenic acid (C18:3, cis-9,12,15) was found in the highest quantity (49–59 %) followed by palmitic acid (C16:0) (16–18 %), and linoleic acid (C18:2, cis-9,12) (6–13 %). The total content of saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids showed a ratio of 0.33 (cv. DHANRAJ) to 0.39 (cv. PKM-2) in leaves, 0.53 in flowers and 0.56 in tender pods. Similarly, polyunsaturated fatty acids and total monounsaturated fatty acids were found in a ratio of 5.68 (cv. DHANRAJ) to 9.71 (cv. CO-1) in leaves, 1.11 in flowers and 2.79 in tender pods. The total lipid content was recorded in the range of 1.92 % (flowers) to 4.82 % (leaves, cv. CO-1). When considering health benefits, M. oleifera leaves contain low amounts of saturated fatty acids, a high mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acid content, which can enhance the health benefits of Moringa-based products. 相似文献
13.
Steven Nagy Harold E. Nordby John M. Smoot 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1975,52(4):121-123
The lipid composition of commercially canned single-strength orange juice ranged from 84–101 mg/100 ml juice (overall mean 95 ± 6). Phospholipid phosphorus, expressed as mg/100 ml juice, showed a range of from 1.56–1.95, while phospholipid phosphorus/lipid values (as µg-P/mg lipid) were within a very narrow range, 18.9 ± 1.1. The percentage distribution of lipid classes in these juices was 24–35% neutral lipids, 18–23% resin acids and glycolipids, and 43–53% phospholipids and other polar lipids. Five fatty acids, i.e. C16, C16:1, C18:1, C18:2, and C18:3, accounted for over 93% of all fatty acids. The relative percentages of C18:2 and C18:3 differed between seasonal juices. The lipid composition does not warrant inclusion in nutritional labeling; however, lipid levels may be useful in detecting adulteration. 相似文献
14.
Ca. 1% of the glycerides of milk fat contain oxofatty acids. The isolation, fractionation, and characterization of oxofatty acids were accomplished using the following sequence of steps: (A) transmethylation, (B) conversion into 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones, (C) adsorption of the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones on magnesium oxide to eliminate the colorless lipid, (D) fractionation of the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones into non-oxofatty acid and oxofatty acid fractions on alumina, (E) separation of the oxofatty acid 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones into saturated and unsaturated classes by argentation column chromatography, (F) separation of these classes by chain length using liquid-liquid column and thin layer partition chromatography, (G) resolution of positional isomers by thin layer chromatography, (H) regeneration of the positional isomer 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones, and (I) analysis of the parent oxofatty acids by gas liquid chromatographymass spectrometry. In this manner, 36 saturated and 11 unsaturated oxofatty acids were identified tentatively or positively. The saturated oxofatty acids ranged in chain length from C10–C24, predominantly C18 and C16, and generally contained an even number of carbon atoms. The unsaturated oxofatty acids ranged from C14–C18, with C18 predominating. 相似文献
15.
W. R. Morrison E. L. Jack L. M. Smith 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1965,42(12):1142-1147
Milk lipids were fractionated by silicic acid column chromatography and preparative thinlayer chromatography (TLC). Ceramide
monohexoside (CMH), ceramide dihexoside (CDH), phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE), phosphatidyl choline (PC), phosphatidyl serine
(PS), and sphingomyelin (Sph) were isolated, and the purity of each was checked by infrared spectroscopy and TLC. The diacylphospholipids
were hydrolyzed with phospholipase A and the products separated by TLC. Fatty acid methyl esters were prepared from the various
fractions and analyzed by gas chromatography.
The glycolipids, CMH and CDH, and Sph contained large amounts of long-chain saturated fatty acids, especially C22:0, C23:0, and C24:0, PE, PS, and PC contained C10-C22 normal and branched-chain saturated fatty acids, and C15-C20 unsaturated fatty acids (mainly monoenes). The distributions of saturated acids between the α′- and β-positions were respectively:
PE, 46 and 11%; PS, 65 and 19%; and PC, 72 and 53%. PC was exceptional in that there was 10.8% myristic acid in the β-position
and only 5.6% in the α′-position. PE and PS were similar in composition except that in PE oleic acid was evenly distributed,
and in PS was largely in the β-position. In general, PC was much more saturated than PE or PS, and there was no overall pattern
governing the specific distribution of the fatty acids in the three diacylphospholipids. Comparison with PC from other bovine
tissues and from egg lecithin showed that fatty acids are located much less specifically in milk phospholipids than in PC
from other sources.
Presented at the AOCS Meeting, Houston, Texas, April, 1965. 相似文献
16.
Natthakeeraya Luangpirom Nimit Dechabumphen Chintana Saiwan John F. Scamehorn 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2001,4(4):367-373
In this study, the contact angle of a saturated aqueous surfactant solution onto the surface of a precipitate of that surfactant
is investigated. Those precipitates include fatty acids (C10, C12, C14, C16, and C18), sodium salts of fatty acids (C14, C16, and C18), calcium salts of fatty acids (C8, C10, C12, C14, C16, and C18). On virgin surfaces, free fatty acids and calcium salts of fatty acids have advancing contact angles (θA) between 77 and 92°, with little dependence on alkyl chain length for C12 and higher alkyl chains. The sodium salt of a fatty acid has a lower θA than the free fatty or the calcium salt of the soap. The calcium salt of dodecyl sulfate has a lower θA than the calcium salt of dodecanoic acid (θA = 46 vs. 82°), but the calcium salt of the 18-carbon hydrophobes showed nearly the same contact angle for the soap and the
alkyl sulfate. Greasiness, or slipperyness, or a scummy feel of a precipitated surfactant does not necessarily correspond
to a hydrophobic surface. 相似文献
17.
The lipids of the cystacanth of the acanthocephalanPolymorphus minutus have been analyzed. Wax esters constituted nearly 90% of the total cystacanth lipids. The wax ester fraction contained approximately
10% steroid ester; the rest was long chain alcohols C12 to C20, largely saturated, esterified with fatty acids C12 to C22, mostly unsaturated, with C18 predominating. Corresponding quantities of wax esters were not found in the adult parasite. Cholesterol was identified as
the only steroid present in the cystacanth. 相似文献
18.
Silicic acid column chromatography was used to separate the polar lipids of goats' milk into glycolipid, phosphatidylethanolamine,
phosphatidylserine plus phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine, and sphingomyelin fractions. Each fraction was purified
by column chromatography and its fatty acid profile determined by gas liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The glycerophospholipids
each contained 18∶1 as the predominant fatty acid (∼45%). The sphingolipids contained a high percentage of long-chain saturated
fatty acids (C22 to C24>45%); the glycolipid fraction also contained ca. 2% 2-hydroxy fatty acids. The data represent a comprehensive cross-sectional
study of the major polar lipids found in goats' milks. 相似文献
19.
Tomoko Nishimaki-Mogami Ken-ichiro Minegishi Atushi Takahashi Yasushi Kawasaki Yuji Kurokawa Mitsuru Uchiyama 《Lipids》1988,23(9):869-877
Skin-surface lipids from the monkeyMacaca fascicularis are composed of sterol esters (38%), cholesterol (4%) and two types of wax diesters, identified as Type II (IIa and IIb,
17% and 40%, respectively). Type IIa contained diesters of 1,2-alkanediols esterified with two molecules of long-chain (C14−C34) fatty acids having straight and branched chains. In the diesters IIa, fatty acids shorter than C19 predominated in position 1, and fatty acids longer than C20 predominated in position 2. Type IIb contained diesters of 1,2-alkanediols esterified with C4 and C5 branched-chain fatty acids (predominantly isovaleric acid) at position 1 and long-chain (C14−C27) acids, having straight and branched chains, at position 2. The shortchain acids were converted to 2-nitrophenylhydrazides
and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Ammonia chemical ionization (CI)-gas chromatography (GC)-mass
spectrometry (MS) resolved the intact diesters IIb into 12 peaks corresponding to molecular weights ranging from 597 to 748,
and showed that the molecular species, such as C21−C16−C5 (diol, fatty acid in position 2, fatty acid in position 1), C22−C16−C5 and C23−C16−C5, were prevalent. The fatty acids from both diesters were mostly (>98%) saturated. The 1,2-alkanediols from both diesters
consisted of C16−C26 saturated straight- and branched-chain components. The acyl groups of sterol esters contained 86% C14−C34 branched-chain acids. The unsaturated fatty acids (5.4%) belonged to a straight-chain monoenoic series having extremely long
chains (C18−C34). The branched-chain structures in the fatty acids and diols were iso and anteiso. These results show the species-specific
profile for the skin-surface lipid synthesis. 相似文献
20.
Summary Organic soil that had gradually accumulated on cotton garments and was unremovable by normal washing procedures was analyzed
for free and combined fatty acids by gas-liquid chromatography.
The fatty acid composition of this material was similar to sebum and hair fat and was remarkably uniform although from several
different sources and geographical locations. The predominant fatty acids were C15, C16, and C18 straight-chain acids. More than 30% of the total fatty acid was palmitic acid. The amount of oleic acid was considerably
less than is reported for hair and skin fat. No linoleic acid or linolenic acid was detected. The small amount of unsaturated
acids is probably the result of their oxidation to polymers and other oxidation products. The amount of free fatty acids was
very small because they were converted to insoluble heavy metal soaps. Most of the combined fatty acids were present as esters,i.e., triglycerides. 相似文献