四面体网格化的粒子数据特征可视化

天文粒子数据的可视化对科学家研究宇宙的结构和演化的过程有非常大的帮助,特别是借助于时序可视化可以表现复杂的结构特征,是其他方法无法达到的.文中分析了现有的粒子绘制方式,提出了一种优化的四面体网格粒子绘制算法.算法在数据处理阶段,按粒子编号切分成N个数据片,同时计算不同时刻同一粒子运动状态标记量;在组建四面体阶段,根据周期性边界条件和粒子的运动状态,将粒子数据组成四面体网格;保持不同时刻四面体的组成粒子不变,然后对这些四面体进行投影和绘制.文中算法内存占用小并且适合并行化处理.通过实验,将可视化结果与粒子投影的绘制算法对比,证明文中算法在展现宇宙的结构特征上有很大的优势,并且使宇宙的纤维结构更加连贯完整.     

四元数样条插值的人体运动数据重构

为了得到平滑的人体动画,提出一种基于四元数的样条插值算法,利用提取的关键帧实现人体运动序列的有效重构。为减少重构误差、加快收敛速度,将已知关键帧集合作为初始条件,通过迭代算法求出样条曲线的控制点集合。利用样条曲线控制点计算贝塞尔曲线控制点,构造贝塞尔样条曲线段,将各段贝塞尔样条曲线段组合,构造一条基于四元数的样条曲线。根据德卡斯特里奥（de Casteljau）算法插值重构人体运动。实验结果表明,该算法在保证执行效率的同时,可得到光滑的插值结果,实现满足视觉要求的人体运动重构。     

基于三维GIS的环境信息动态可视化

环境问题日益加剧,人们对其关注度与日俱增,而目前鲜有直观、有特色的大气污染展示平台.针对这种情况,本文提出一种基于三维GIS的环境信息动态可视化方法,通过扫描线算法确定研究区域,经过交叉验证比较,选用克里金插值算法对数据进行插值,将插值所得数据处理后发布为KML文件,并在嵌入Google Earth的网页中进行显示.本文以中国境内PM2.5监测数据为例进行可视化效果展示,实验结果表明,此可视化方法可以直观、准确地展示数据,帮助使用者更加方便地了解当前的环境信息.     

基于层次约束的2维动画关键帧插值算法

2D动画制作是一个劳动密集型的过程,如何自动进行关键帧插值是研究的难点。关键帧插值的核心环节是2D形体渐变,现有2D形体渐变算法大多针对闭合的单一多边形,在应用到包含多个区域的复杂形体时,可能出现区域之间的重叠。本文算法获取输入关键帧的封闭区域,并迭代计算区域间的匹配关系;对每个子区域建立相对于父区域的局部坐标系,施加层次间的约束关系进行插值,以消除父子区域插值过程中“运动”的不匹配现象。实验结果表明,该算法合成结果自然光滑,具有一定的实用价值。     

基于分层曲线简化的运动捕获数据关键帧提取

引入骨骼夹角作为运动特征,并以此确定候选关键帧;采用分层曲线简化算法精选候选关键帧获得最终关键帧集合;通过对算法参数自适应调节,以满足不同压缩率要求.实验结果表明：该算法具有良好的数据压缩效果及较强的运动概括能力,并在一定程度上保证了同类相似运动间关键帧集合的一致性.     

基于自适应二叉树的场景视锥体裁剪算法

建立逼真而丰富的三维场景是可视化领域的主要任务.场景的数据管理和可见性判断对后续渲染的质量和效率起到了至关重要的作用.为了弥补传统场景组织方式在实际应用中的缺陷,本文采用自适应二叉树场景组织算法对场景进行管理,采用层次化裁剪的方式对场景树的节点进行视锥体裁剪,在裁剪过程中所操作的对象是节点中的包围球和包围盒.实验表明,这种基于包围球和包围盒的层次化的视锥体裁剪算法大大的减少了参与裁剪的节点的数量,提高了裁剪的精确性,具有较好的裁剪效率和较高的稳定性.     

基于Hilbert曲线-残差网络的勒索病毒分类方法

随着勒索病毒的日益猖獗,对勒索病毒进行检测并分类的工作越来越受到重视。对勒索病毒进行检测并分类能够及时应急响应,保护用户数据,降低企业用户损失。目前迁移学习等算法已渐用于勒索病毒检测,但分类多依赖于静态和动态分析,不仅需人工处理复杂的特征工程,步骤繁琐,且不利于大规模分类。为实现简单方便且准确度高的大规模分类,该文将病毒样本扩展到Windows和Linux两大平台,使用能够保留更多数据特征的Hilbert曲线将勒索病毒文件可视化,然后利用基于残差神经网络的三种改进迁移模型进行学习得到各自的分类结果,最后使用集成学习模块进行投票得到最终分类结果,并和常规方法Zigzag规则可视化进行了比较。通过实验验证,该方法对检测并分类勒索病毒的准确率达到了96.92%,并表明Hilbert可视化优于常规方法Zigzag规则可视化。     

一种新的面向集合的空间关键字查询方法

面向集合的空间关键字查询处理是数据库领域近年来的热点研究课题.针对已有查询的不足,定义一种新的描述集合质量的Cost函数,提出一种新的面向集合的空间关键字查询方法,并证明基于该Cost函数的查询问题是NP完全问题.对于给定的对象数据集D={o1,o2,…,on},q为包含位置信息和关键字集合的查询点,查询返回的是在对象数据集D中,既满足查询点q的全部关键字,又能成为q的近邻且较紧凑的对象集合.为处理该查询,利用最小圆覆盖包含全部关键字的对象集合,并采用有效的裁剪策略分别实现了该查询的近似查询算法和精确查询算法.最后通过实验验证了所提算法的有效性.     

非对称高斯函数的时变体数据特征跟踪及可视化

目的 在传统基于时序曲线的时变体数据特征的识别与跟踪过程中,不仅需要用户具备丰富的先验知识来确定感兴趣特征的时序曲线形状,而且时序曲线段的匹配和抽取过程亦复杂,难以交互,这一定程度上降低了时变体数据可视化及分析效率.提出了一种新的基于高斯时序曲线的时变体数据可视化及分析方法.方法 首先,对时序曲线进行低通滤波,准确地查找极小值点,对时序曲线进行分段;进而,引入非对称高斯函数对时序曲线段进行拟合获得高斯时序曲线;为了进一步方便用户识别感兴趣特征,观察特征在时间域上的演变过程,提供一种便捷的交互技术,由用户单击任一时间步绘制结果图像中感兴趣的特征信息,分析视线方向上的特征可见性,以确定感兴趣特征及其对应的高斯曲线,进而由参数匹配获得所有时间步中感兴趣特征信息.结果 为了验证本文算法的高效性与可行性,对时序仿真的飓风数据进行特征跟踪与交互式可视化,可以看出,本文算法不仅可以准确跟踪飓风中心特征,而且特征分析与可视化效率亦大大提升.结论 相比于传统的时变体数据可视化方法,本文算法不需要用户先验知识的前提下,利用非对称高斯模拟时序曲线变化,进而由高斯参数匹配代替复杂的时序曲线匹配过程,有效地提升了时变体数据可视化及分析效率.     

基于智能聚类模型的海量数据快速显示方法

为实时显示三维数据体的海量数据,提出一种改进的海量数据快速显示算法。利用CURE聚类算法对数据进行整理,通过Hilbert R-tree对数据建立索引,根据可视化区域预测模型预测下一时刻的可视区域,以实现大量数据的快速可视化。实验结果表明,与基于视点运动的快速显示算法和基于可见性判断的可视化算法相比,该算法在不降低渲染质量的前提下,渲染速度分别提高18.27%和67.06%,预测区域错误率分别降低9.73%和22.37%,能够快速加载数据并且准确绘制大量三维数据体。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.