溶胶-凝胶法制备无机/有机杂化材料研究进展

本文介绍了溶胶－凝胶法的基本过程,对无机／有机杂化材料进行了分类,描述了溶胶－凝胶法制备无机有机杂化材料的常用方法,对杂化材料进行了评述,并预测了将来的发展趋势。     

Sol-Gel法合成有机/无机纳米复合材料的研究进展

介绍了溶胶-凝胶法的基本过程,归纳了溶胶-凝胶法制备有机/无机纳米复合材料的方法。并指出了这种复合材料的应用前景。     

壳聚糖/无机物纳米复合材料在抗菌方面的研究进展

壳聚糖作为一种天然高分子有机物,具有良好的生物相容性、可降解性和抗菌性,在抗菌方面已有一定的应用,但其抗菌性能易受自身因素和外界条件的影响,因此如何巩固和加强壳聚糖的抗菌性能并进行应用成为了研究的热点。将壳聚糖与无机物纳米材料复合,有机和无机组分协同互补,能显著提高材料的抗菌性能,复合材料还具有优异的机械强度和生物相容性,可广泛应用于水处理、食品、纺织、化妆品和医学等领域,引起了科研人员的密切关注。本文总结了壳聚糖的抗菌机理和影响抗菌性能的因素,详细介绍了壳聚糖与金属、金属氧化物、层状硅酸盐和碳材料等无机物复合后的纳米材料在抗菌方面的应用,同时对其在抗菌领域的发展前景进行了展望。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备高分子/无机复合材料

溶胶－凝胶法不仅具有可在低温、溶液中进行制备达到分子级的分散水平的特点,而且为有机／无机复合纳米复合材料的制备开辟了新途径,本文在概述了溶胶一凝胶法基本原理的基础上,着重评述了该方法在制备高分子／无机复合材料方面的特殊应用。     

用Sol-Gel法在PC上制备有机-无机复合耐磨涂层

用ｓｏｌ－ｇｅｌ法在聚碳酸酯ＰＣ上制备一层耐磨涂层。该涂层为有机－无机复合网络,由γ—缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷（γ—ＧＰＴＭＳ）和金属醇盐Ｔｉ（ＯＣ２Ｈ５）４合成。采用浸涂工艺,热固化后可得到几微米厚的透明涂层。用３—氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷（３—ＡＰＳ）对ＰＣ表面进行处理,可使涂层与基体的结合力大大提高。涂层的基本骨架由Ｓｉ－Ｏ－Ｔｉ组成,能显著改善ＰＣ材料的耐磨性能。     

不同合成过程对溶胶-凝胶法制备的ZnO/Ag纳米复合材料光催化性能的影响

以乙酸锌、硝酸银为前驱体,二乙醇胺作为稳定剂,利用溶胶-凝胶法分别采用一步法和两步法制备得到ZnO以及ZnO/Ag纳米复合粉体。所有ZnO/Ag复合物中Ag的含量均为3%(摩尔分数)。对所制备样品的结构和光学性质通过XRD、SEM、TEM、XPS、PL、UV-vis进行了表征,进而以甲基橙为模拟污染物进行了光催化测试。结果表明,不同方法制备得到的ZnO/Ag纳米粉体晶粒均匀,无明显团聚现象,面心立方结构的金属Ag吸附在纤锌矿结构的ZnO表面形成异质结。与纯ZnO相比,掺Ag极大地改善了样品在紫外光下的光催化活性。对不同合成工艺的比较表明,用溶胶-凝胶一步法制备的ZnO/Ag复合物的光催化活性最高,经紫外光照射70min可完全降解甲基橙。     

纳米OMMT粒子填充PP/ABS二元体系的力学性能和结晶行为

研究了有机改性蒙脱土(OMMT)填充不同组分PP/ABS二元体系的力学性能和结晶行为.结果表明:相容剂PP-g-MAH一方面提高基体PP与ABS的相容性,另一方面促进OMMT粒子在连续相PP和分散相ABS中的分散;层状硅酸盐纳米粒子OMMT和ABS可同时大幅度提高PP的韧性、强度和模量,当PP/ABS/OMMT为85/15/2时,二者明显表现出协同效应,同时增韧增强.纳米OMMT粒子可以提高PP的结晶度和结晶速率.     

Embrittlement Mechanisms of Nylon 66/Organoclay Nanocomposites Prepared by Melt-Compounding Process

Nylon 66 nanocomposites with different smectite clay loadings were prepared by conventional melt compounding process. The fracture toughness decreases with increasing clay content, which is a direct result of reduced plastic zone size at the crack tip region. The fracture mechanisms were studied using double-notched four-point-bending (DN-4PB) technique. A constraining effect from nanoclay fillers on plastic deformation of matrix is revealed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Micron-sized and submicron voids could be observed around the clay platelets. The voids coalesce and form premature cracks that promote crack propagation, thus reducing toughness.     

Inorganic Nanotube/Organic Nanoparticle Hybrids for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Properties

Inorganic/organic nanohybrids composed of arrayed TiO_2 nanotubes(Ti NTs)/porphyrin nanoparticles(NPs) have been fabricated via a wet chemical approach. The inorganic component, particularly the arrayed one-dimensional(1D) nanostructures, provides high charge-carrier mobility and rapid charge transport. The organic component exhibits extensive visible light absorption and good solution processability. Additionally, the geometric restraint by supramolecular assembly renders an improved photostability. A combination of these two components could thus allow for an efficient solar energy conversion. In this work, a colloid of porphyrin NPs prepared by a solvent exchange method is coated on anodic Ti NTs by means of a dip-coating treatment to form inorganic/organic hybrids. The hybrids exhibit an improvement on solar absorption and a significant enhancement on photocurrent generation at a small bias compared with individual component. Herein, the inorganic/organic nanohybrids are proved to be excellent photoanodes highly responsive to visible light and thus pave a way to discover new inorganic/organic assemblies for high-performance optoelectronic applications, as well as for device integration.     

乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物纳米复合材料的辐射效应

采用5万CiCo-60源进行辐照,制备了乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物TiO2纳米复合材料、SiO2纳米复合材料、ZnO纳米复合材料和有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料。分析了纳米粒子对体系力学性能的影响,研究了辐照剂量、不同基体、不同纳米填料及改性剂等实验条件对体系力学性能的影响。结果表明,以EVOH-68(乙烯醇基含量为68%)为基体的纳米复合材料经过辐照,力学性能明显下降,且下降幅度大。以EVOH-56(乙烯醇基含量为56%)为基体的纳米复合材料经过辐照,在小辐照剂量下力学性能提高,大剂量下力学性能下降,且下降幅度较小。EVOH-56/纳米ZnO体系与EVOH-56/纳米TiO2体系相比表现的更耐辐照。     

RETRACTED ARTICLE: The influence of surface cleaning on the stability of Pd/GaAs contacts

The thermal stability of –GaAs ohmic contacts with Ge and Sn layers was investigated at 300 and 400 °C. The majority of contact structures are possible to anneal according to the annealing optimization at one temperature, but the dependence of the contact resistivity on the annealing temperature show two minima in the case of the Ge(20 nm)/Pd(10 nm) structure. The thermal stability of the structure is better after the annealing at temperatures from the higher temperature minimum. Etching of GaAs wafers before the metal deposition in the solution of (1 : 8 : 500) followed by (1 : 1) or in concentrate HCl produces the best thermal stability. The Ge/Pd contact structures are based on the solid phase regrowth mechanisms but the annealing mechanism is completely different for the Sn/Pd contact structures.     

Optical Properties of Functional Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Nanocomposites

Functional hybrids are nanocomposite materials lying at the interface of organic and inorganic realms, whose high versatility offers a wide range of possibilities to elaborate tailor‐made materials in terms of chemical and physical properties. Because they present several advantages for designing materials for optical applications (versatile and relatively facile chemistry, easy shaping and patterning, materials having good mechanical integrity and excellent optical quality), numerous silica or/and siloxane based hybrid organic–inorganic materials have been developed in the past few years. The most striking examples of functional hybrids exhibiting emission properties (solid‐state dye lasers, rare‐earth doped hybrids, electroluminescent devices), absorption properties (photochromic), nonlinear optical (NLO) properties (second‐order NLO properties, photochemical hole burning (PHB), photorefractivity), and sensing are summarized in this review.     

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Characteristics of porous zirconia coated with hydroxyapatite as human bones

Since hydroxyapatite has excellent biocompatibility and bone bonding ability, porous hydroxyapatite ceramics have been intensively studied. However, porous hydroxyapatite bodies are mechanically weak and brittle, which makes shaping and implantation difficult. One way to solve this problem is to introduce a strong porous network onto which hydroxyapatite coating is applied. In this study, porous zirconia and alumina-added zirconia ceramics were prepared by ceramic slurry infiltration of expanded polystyrene bead compacts, followed by firing at 1500°C. Then slurry of hydroxyapatite-borosilicate glass mixed powder was used to coat the porous ceramics, followed by firing at 1200°C. The porous structures without the coating had high porosities of 51–69%, high pore interconnectivity, and sufficiently large pore window sizes (300–500 μm). The porous ceramics had compressive strengths of 5·3∼36·8 MPa, favourably comparable to the mechanical properties of cancellous bones. In addition, porous hydroxyapatite surface was formed on the top of the composite coating, whereas a borosilicate glass layer was found on the interface. Thus, porous zirconia-based ceramics were modified with a bioactive composite coating for biomedical applications.     

碳黑/无机材料填充聚合物复合材料的微波吸收特性

研究了以乙炔碳黑和无机材料填充PVC复合材料的吸波性能。就无机材料的种类，配比及是否添加局炔碳黑等因素对吸波性能的影响进行了分析讨论。结果表明，在复合材料中，填充的无机材料的极性对吸收性能有影响；填充乙炔碳黑，材料具有良好的吸收性能；而乙炔碳黑和水合氧化铝混合填充复合材料的最大吸收衰减可达21.87dB。     

聚丙烯/无机纳米复合材料研究进展

少量纳米粒子可同时实现对聚丙烯(PP)基体的增强增韧并对其力学性能、结晶性能、抗老化及抗茵等性能均会产生一定的影响.用无机纳米粒子改性PP可制备综合性能优异的聚丙烯/无机纳米复合材料,是目前复合材料领域研究的热点.综述了无机纳米粒子改性聚丙烯的最新研究进展,在介绍PP纳米复合材料体系和制备方法的基础上重点对PP纳米复合材料的微观结构、力学性能,结晶和抗老化等性能进行了综述.研究表明少量纳米粒子可大幅度提升基体材料的综合性能,但目前许多文献报道的表面改性和制备技术仍没有解决纳米团聚的难题,特别是要实现工业生产则纳米粒子在PP基体中的分散性尚需进一步改善.     

蒙脱土的酸化及有机化对聚氨酯/蒙脱土纳米复合弹性体材料性能的影响

利用本体聚合方法制备了聚氨酯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料。通过对蒙脱土进行酸化和有机化两步处理,发现酸化处理不仅能有效地扩大蒙脱土的片层间距,还能有效地防止蒙脱土在聚氨酯本体聚合时对异氰酸酯基三聚副反应的催化作用。利用DSC、TGA、XRD等手段对聚氨酯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的力学性能、热性能、内部结构进行了表征,发现酸化及有机化蒙脱土在聚氨酯内部能形成纳米片层结构,提高了复合材料的力学性能。     

反应型有机修饰剂对环氧树脂/粘土纳米复合材料热/机械性能的影响

使带有环氧基团的三缩水甘油基对氨基苯酚(TGPAP)分别与溴代正丁烷(BB)、2-溴乙醇(BE)反应,合成了反应型粘土有机修饰剂溴化(正定烷基)双环氧基(4-环氧醚基)铵(TGPAPB)和溴化(2-羟乙基)双环氧基(4-环氧醚基)铵(TGPAPE)。用这两种修饰剂改性粘土,分别制备出具有相同反应官能团但与环氧树脂的相容性略有不同的两种有机化粘土(B-Clay和E-Clay)。再用“粘土淤浆复合法”制备出两种环氧树脂/粘土纳米复合材料,研究了两种反应型有机修饰剂对纳米复合材料的结构和性能的影响。结果表明：带有羟基的E-Clay以高度无规剥离形式均匀分布在环氧树脂基体中;而B-Clay则形成了无规剥离/插层混合结构。两种粘土均参与固化反应在环氧树脂基体和粘土片层间产生了较强的界面作用力,从而显著提高了纳米复合材料的拉伸强度。粘土质量分数为3%的两种纳米复合材料,其拉伸强度分别达到32.4 MPa(E-Clay)和28.0 MPa(B-Clay),比对应的纯环氧树脂聚合物分别提高了76.47%和52.51%。同时,这两种纳米复合材料的玻璃化转变温度(T_g)也略有提高。