一种低频脉动压力随弹测试方法设计

中低频脉动压力测量在导弹冷发射液体发动机地面试车试验中占有重要的地位,可以从中分析发动机设计的合理性与工作的稳定性.为了获得导弹弹射试验中发动机点火到导弹出筒时发射筒内空气脉动过程,设计了一种低频脉动压力随弹测试方法.该方法采用一种新型ICP动态压力传感器,配合适当的供电、调理、采集电路及抗高过载存储模块,可以完整记录导弹从发动机点火到出筒过程中完整的脉动压力波形数据.     

基于脉宽调制的传感器读取电路设计与实现

设计了一种新型的传感器信号读取电路,该电路将传统的脉宽调制PWM(PulseWidthModulation)电路进行改进,对PWM信号采用占空比和频率同时调制而不是单一的占空比调制,在信号传输过程中,该电路可将两路电压输入信号调制到一路PWM信号上,通过对输出PWM信号进行解调可还原两路输入信号的电压值.实验结果表明,该电路输出PWM信号占空比和频率分别与两路输入电压信号呈良好的线性关系,电压转换精度分别达到0.34%、0.26%.此外,该电路具有抗干扰能力强、转换精度高和成本低的优点,非常适合传感器信号的调理和读取.     

两足外骨骼机器人足底压力测量系统

为实现两足外骨骼机器人行走过程中的步态识别,需精确、可靠地获取其足底压力载荷的分布情况。研制一种高灵敏度具有强抗偏载能力的小型轮辐式足底压力传感器,并针对该传感器输出电压只有几十微伏的微弱信号特点设计制作了具有斩波自稳零功能的多路前置信号放大调理电路板。为减小温度等因素产生的非线性误差,设计了传感器恒电流源供电模块。系统采用基于PC的控制器,多通道信号高精度同步采样,通过实际样机试验表明电路实现高增益放大的同时输出噪声峰峰值小于3 mV,且长时间样机试验,信号几乎不存在零漂,具有较好的稳定性。系统结构合理,可靠性高,可适用于仪表信号的处理。     

基于PI闭环控制的AMR磁阻传感器信号调理电路

为了提高磁场测量精度,提出一种基于PI闭环控制的AMR磁阻传感器信号调理电路。该电路由前置放大器、开关同步检波、积分电路和闭环反馈电路组成。首先通过选取较小的前置放大器增益,以降低对传感器输出噪声的放大;然后利用积分器对放大后信号进行积分,得到积分电压;最后,将积分电压进行V/I转换,并将电流接入HMC1001偏置电流带,实现闭环反馈,以抵消外部待测磁场,当电路平衡时,传感器工作于零场,积分输出电压正比于待测磁场。与开环结构对比实验结果表明:在相同的灵敏度条件下,闭环式信号调理电路噪声功率谱密度为40 pT/√ Hz @1 Hz,并且与开环式的信号调理电路相比,它的输出信号信噪比提高了15.55 dB。     

LVDT位移传感器电压电流转换电路的设计

为使传感器输出信号能够远距离传输,设计了一种0～5 V到4～20 mA的电压电流转换电路。在Howland电流泵电路的基础上,增加电压跟随器和偏置直流放大器,实现电压电流的精确转换。仿真分析和实验测试结果表明:电路能够满足传感器电流输出的要求,并已成功应用于LVDT位移传感器调理电路。     

采集系统中光电信号调理电路的噪声分析

在用数据采集卡对传感器输出信号进行采集的过程中,往往需要先对传感器输出的信号进行放大、滤波、A/D转换等一系列信号调理过程.信号调理电路的噪声直接影响整个检测电路的检测水平,为此,根据光纤电压互感器中光电信号检测的实例,说明了信号调理电路的噪声分析与抑制措施,为以后信号检测精度的提高提供了依据.     

基于LVDT的新型信号调理电路的设计

LVDT线性可变差动变压器,其输出信号为两个线圈的差动电压信号,能够实时的、高准确性的将机械位移信号转化成电信号;传统LVDT信号调理电路存在不易散热、检测修复困难、性价比低、适用范围窄等问题,文中设计了一种新型LVDT信号调理电路,该信号调理电路由驱动电路、整流归一化电路和滤波放大电路组成,测试结果能够匹配LVDT的输出信号特性,达到LVDT信号调理的各项指标要求,实验结果表明该设计具有一定的可行性.     

红外气体传感器信号调理及数据处理

针对红外气体传感器易受外界光源、电磁等干扰影响,其输出信号中存在大量噪声而影响检测精度的问题,设计了一种红外气体传感器信号调理及数据处理电路。该电路采用硬件和软件相结合的方法,在硬件上设计了信号调理电路,在保证信号真实性的同时具有非常好的放大滤波功能;在软件上采用中位值平均滤波算法对信号进行处理,可有效克服信号中混入的噪声,且对周期性和热噪声产生的干扰也有很好的抑制作用。试验结果表明,该电路可有效滤除传感器中的大量噪声,准确提取有用信号,提高检测精度及稳定性,满量程精度可达0.54%。     

压阻式高温压力传感器温度补偿与信号调理设计与测试

设计制作了一种集成信号调理电路的高温压阻式压力传感器,包含倒装式的压敏敏片、无源电阻温度补偿电路和信号调理电路组成;压敏芯片的制作采用SOI材料和MEMS标准工艺,温度补偿和信号调理电路采用高温电子元件;试验表明,无源电阻温度补偿具有显著的效果;此外,采用了高温信号调理电路来提高传感器的输出灵敏度,通过温度补偿来降低输出灵敏度;与传统的经验算法相比,所提出的无源电阻温度补偿技术具有更小的温度漂移,在220℃条件下传感器输出灵敏度为4.93 mV/100 kPa,传感器灵敏度为总体测量精度为±2%FS;此外,由于柔性传感器的输出电压可调,因此不需要使用一般的电压转换器随动压力变送器,这大大降低了测试系统的成本,有望在恶劣环境下的压力测量中得到高度应用。     

静止无功发生器信号调理电路的设计

设计了静止无功发生器(SVG)装置的信号调理电路。该电路对互感器采集的电压和电流信号进行处理,使之成为满足ADC端口电压要求的交流小信号。详细介绍了信号采集、过电压保护、低通滤波、方波发生、加减运算等电路的设计原理。利用Multisim10.0对SVG信号调理电路进行仿真,结果表明:调理电路达到输出电压0~3.6V范围的预期指标,能够用于SVG装置现场的信号采集。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。