乳状液膜法从发酵液中提取青霉素的研究

研究了用乳状液膜法从发酵液中提取青霉素Ｇ时,石蜡用量、搅拌速率、载体用量、内相碳酸钠溶液浓度和表面活性剂用量对青霉素提取的影响,在最佳条件下提取率可达７６．５％,浓缩比为６．０。     

黄精多糖的提取工艺对比研究

目的以黄精为原料,对比不同提取工艺对黄精多糖提取率的影响,以确定黄精多糖的最佳提取工艺。方法对黄精多糖的水提醇沉法和复合酶解法等2种提取方法进行对比分析。结果得到了水提醇沉法最佳的实验条件,料液比(g/mL)为1∶25,pH值为6,温度为80℃,提取时间为2 h,乙醇的体积分数为70%,在该最佳条件下多糖的提取率为8.84%;得到了复合酶解法提取黄精多糖最佳复合酶组合条件,纤维素酶与木瓜蛋白酶的质量比为3∶7,pH值为5.0,酶解温度为50℃,料液比(g/mL)为1∶20,加酶量(质量分数)为5%,酶解2 h,在该条件下,黄精多糖的提取率可达22%。结论采用复合酶解法得到的多糖得率远高于采用水提醇沉法得到的多糖得率;实验提供了黄精多糖的最优提取工艺,为其开发利用提供了理论参考。     

甘草酸的不同提取方法比较

目的比较水酸法和氨水法提取甘草酸含量的变化。方法利用正交试验4因素3水平选择最佳提取条件（包括加水量、提取次数、煮沸时间、粉碎时间、溶剂量、振荡时间、氨水浓度），用紫外分光光度法在252nm波长处测定甘草酸含量。结果每lOOg甘草粗粉用水酸法提取的最佳条件为：每次加水量2000mL，提取2次，煮沸5min，粉碎20s，氨水法最佳条件为：每次加0．4%氨水2000mL，振荡2h，提取2次。最终氨水法提取率为32％，水酸法提取率为26％。结论在最佳条件下，氨水法提取的甘草酸纯度和提取率明显高于水酸法。     

苦杏仁中杏仁油的提取

以苦杏仁为原料,采用溶剂法提取杏仁油,通过对比几种溶剂的提取率,选择了正己烷为最佳提取溶剂,研究了料液比、浸提时间、浸提温度、浸提次数对杏仁油提取率的影响,得出杏仁油的最佳提取条件。     

谈对丹参制备工艺技术的分析

目的探讨冷浸法提取丹参脂溶性部位的最佳工艺条件。方法采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法为测定方法,以丹参酮IIA提取量为指标,考察不同浓度乙醇和粉碎对丹参酮IIA提取率的影响,并用正交试验法进一步优选提取条件。结果最佳提取工艺条件为采用8倍量体积分数95％乙醇冷浸提取2次（每次3h）,在这种条件下,可获得较高的丹参酮IIA提取率。结论此工艺条件简单、稳定,提取率高。     

液膜常用表面活性剂对青霉素提取率及液膜溶胀的研究

采用以磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为流动载体,液体石蜡为膜相添加剂,煤油为膜溶剂与表面活性剂组成的W/O型乳状液膜体系提取模拟发酵液中的青霉素,考察了单一表面活性剂、混合表面活性剂对青霉素传质和液膜溶胀的影响.实验结果表明:聚胺类表面活性剂(兰113B、N205、ECA4360)对青霉素的提取率优于酯类表面活性剂(span80),且用量少、液膜溶胀率低;酯类表面活性剂与聚胺类表面活性剂不能配伍使用,聚胺类表面活性剂混合性能优于单一表面活性剂,有利于提高青霉素的传质,降低液膜溶胀.表面活性剂在液膜分离中起着极为重要的作用,直接影响着液膜的稳定性、溶胀性能及液膜的破乳.选择性能优良的表面活性剂,适宜的液膜配方和操作条件,有利于控制液膜溶胀,提高青霉素的提取率.     

大豆水溶性膳食纤维提取的研究

豆渣是多种膳食纤维原料中质高价廉的一种,本文研究了在碱性条件下豆渣中水溶性膳食纤维（SDF）的提取工艺。研究表明豆渣中SDF提取的最佳工艺条件为：碳酸钠浓度为4％,浸泡时间为1．5h,浸泡处理温度为60℃,料液比为1：30。以此最佳条件提取的水溶性膳食纤维产率可达33．8％,具有良好的产业化应用前景。     

用连续膜柱阶式蒸发器高度纯化气体

对“连续膜柱”阶式热发器和无混合多级逆流阶式蒸发器中有效膜面积进行了比较．指山采用“连续膜柱”阶式蒸发器以较高分离系数高度纯化易渗透杂质的前景．分离氩－丙烷杂质混合物时，装置最高分离系数可达８．５×１０４，产品的提取率可达９８％．     

超声波-双水相萃取印楝素工艺的研究

采用超声波耦合乙醇-硫酸钠双水相提取印楝素,将超声功率密度,超声时间,超声辐射方式作为其影响因素,并分别进行单因素实验和正交实验对其进行研究,最终确定了超声波双水相提取印楝素的最佳工艺。最佳工艺条件为:功率密度为2.4 w/cm2,时间为30 min,辐射方式为7s/10s。并且影响印楝素超声提取率的主次因素为功率密度辐射方式超声时间,最优条件下印楝素的提取率为0.3200%。     

氧化锌矿硫酸铵焙烧法提锌的研究

以中低品位氧化锌矿和工业级硫酸铵为原料,采用硫酸铵焙烧法提取氧化矿中的锌,通过正交实验研究了常压下硫铵焙烧氧化锌矿过程中焙烧温度、焙烧时间、铵矿比对Zn2+提取率的影响,通过SEM、XRD等分析手段,得出-200目的氧化锌矿在铵矿比n=1.4、焙烧温度425℃、焙烧时间90min的条件下,Zn2+提取率可达92%。同时,探讨了溶出温度、溶出时间、搅拌强度、液固比对Zn2+提取率的影响,得到了溶出过程的最佳工艺参数:溶出温度90℃、溶出时间60min、搅拌强度400r/min、液固比4∶1。锌以可溶盐的形式富集在提取液中,而硅、铅、锶等元素富集在渣中,实现了锌与硅、铅、锶的分离。     

液膜法萃取青霉素的研究

介绍了乳状液膜法萃取模拟发酵液中青素的研究工作，考究了混合槽中液膜组成、试剂比、油内比、乳水比及外水相ＰＨ变化对传质过程的影响，找出了一个较为适宜的液膜组成及室浊下适宜操作的萃取工艺条件。     

乳状液膜法提取亮氨酸

研究了亮氨酸的乳状液膜提取方法．考察了外相溶液组成、内相 Ｈ＋ 浓度、外相ｐ Ｈ 值及载体用量对提取率的影响，从而确立了各影响因素的最佳值     

液膜技术提取稀土的试验研究

采用煤油－Ｓｐａｍ８０－Ｐ５０－ＨＣｌ组成的液膜体系，研究了自稀土母液中提取稀土的基本原理、制乳条件、油内比、水乳比、ｐＨ值和提取时间等，稀土提高２取率达９８％左右。     

乳状液膜提取分离青霉素G的工艺状况

论述了乳状液膜提取青霉素Ｇ的优点，介绍了间歇式，连续式，协同迁移等提取青霉素Ｇ的乳状液膜工艺状况，讨论了该工艺存在的技术问题。     

Study on a new surfactant for removal of phenol from wastewater by emulsion liquid membrane

Removal of phenol from wastewater using emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) is studied in present study. A new polyamine-type surfactant was synthesized and used for stabilizing of the emulsion phase. The results for the emulsion made by the synthesized surfactant showed much better stability and performance in the separation process compared to that by conventionally used Span 80. To determine the optimum operation conditions, the effect of several parameters such as emulsifier concentration, concentration of NaOH in the internal phase, oil to internal phase volume ratio, mixing intensity, temperature, solvent type, and stabilizer concentration have been investigated. It was found that under the optimum conditions, more than 98% of phenol can be removed in a single-stage process. The removal efficiency can be increased to 99.8% in a two-stage process.     

Optimization of process parameters for the extraction of chromium (VI) by emulsion liquid membrane using response surface methodology

The emulsion liquid membrane technique was used for the extraction of hexavalent chromium ions from aqueous solution of waste sodium dichromate recovered from the pharmaceutical industry wastewater. The liquid membrane used was composed of kerosene oil as the solvent, Span-80 as the surfactant and potassium hydroxide as internal reagent. Trioctyl amine and Aliquat-336 were used as carriers. The emulsion stability was carried out at different surfactant concentration, agitation speed and emulsification time. Statistical experimental design was applied for the optimization of process parameters for the extraction of chromium by emulsion liquid membrane. The effects of process parameters namely, agitation speed, membrane to emulsion (M/E) ratio and carrier concentration on the extraction of chromium were optimized using a response surface method. The optimum conditions for the extraction of chromium (VI) using response surface methodology for Trioctyl amine were: agitation speed – 201.369 rpm, M/E ratio – 0.5887% (v/v) and carrier concentration – 4.0932% (v/v) and for Aliquat-336: agitation speed – 202.097 rpm, M/E ratio – 0.5873% (v/v) and carrier concentration – 3.9211% (v/v). At the optimized condition the maximum chromium extraction was found to be 89.2% and 96.15% using Trioctyl amine and Aliquat-336, respectively.     

Extraction of Co(II) from aqueous solution using emulsion liquid membrane

The extraction equilibrium of Co(II) from thiocyanate medium by CYANEX 923 (mixture of straight chain alkylated phosphine oxides) in cyclohexane was studied. The stoichiometry of the extraction reaction was postulated based on slope analysis method and the extraction constant Kex was calculated. The stripping percentage of Co(II) with sulphuric acid from the loaded CYANEX 923 was found to increase with the increase in acid concentration. The extraction of Co(II) from aqueous thiocyanate medium into emulsion liquid membrane using CYANEX 923 extractant was also studied. The influence of different parameters such as stirring speed, surfactant concentration, pH of the extractant phase, carrier concentration, internal phase stripping acid concentration, initial Co(II) concentration as well as temperature on the emulsion stability were investigated. The applicability of the emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) process using CYANEX 923 as extractant and SPAN 80 as surfactant for the removal and the concentration of Co(II) from thiocyanate solution was investigated. The results show that it is possible to recover 95% of cobalt in the inner phase after 10 min of contacting time with a concentration factor of 5.     

氧化还原乳状液膜法自轻稀土中分离铈的研究

报道了用氧化还原液膜法从轻稀土硝酸溶液中分离铈的实验研究。结果表明，在最佳操作条件下，经一级间歇式液膜分离过程，能制得纯度为９９．９９％的纯铈，收率为９９．７％，同氧化沉淀法、氧化还原萃取法提取铈的工艺相比，本法具有流程短、速度快、分离效率高的特点，具有明显的工业应用前景。