153Sm-HEDTMP的标记及小鼠体内分布研究

制备了经乙基乙二胺三甲撑膦酸(HEDTMP)的^153Sm标记物，研究了标记物的标记条件、体外稳定性、化学计量组成、免SPECT骨扫描及小鼠体内分布。结果表明，弱碱性介质、高配体量有助于标记物的形成，中性、弱碱性介质和高配体量有利于标记物的稳定，实验条件制备的标记物的化学计量组成为^153Sm：HEDTMP=1：1，免骨显像和小鼠体内分布表明标记物主要由动物骨铭系统摄取，是非常有希望的骨肿瘤缓解治疗剂。     

99Tcm-HEDTMP的制备及其生物分布

采用SnCl2还原法制备了^99Tc^m－HEDTMP，研究了标记物的体外稳定性、兔SPECT骨扫描及小鼠体内分布。结果表明，^99Tc^m－HEDTMP具有较高的体外稳定性，5h内放化纯度＞95％；兔骨骼系统显像清晰；小鼠体内分布结果表明标记物主要被小鼠骨骼摄取，其它非目标组织的摄取较低、骨清除较快。这表明^99Tc^m－HEDTMP是非常有希望的新型骨显像剂。     

^153Sm标记平阳霉素偶联物

进行了二乙三胺五乙酸酸酐（cDTPAA）平阳霉素偶联后的^153Sm标记。研究了平阳霉素与cDTPAA的偶联条件、偶联物化学计量组成，探讨了^153Sm与偶联物的络合条件及络合物的稳定性。在弱碱性介质中，当cDTPAA与平阳霉素的摩尔比大于10时，平阳霉素的偶联率可达80％；当摩尔比大于15时，偶联物的平均化学计量组成为平阳霉素与DTPA的摩尔比为1：2；在pH7－9体系中，偶联物与^153Sm摩尔比大于8，室温反应30min,标记率可达98％；标记物较稳定，生理pH下6d内放化纯度大于96％。     

188Re-HEDTMP 的合成及生物分布研究

在合成HEDTMP（羟乙基乙二胺三甲撑膦酸）的基础上，采用SnCl2作还原剂制备了其^188Re标记物。研究了标记物的兔SPECT骨扫描及在小鼠体内分布。结果表明，标记物骨显像良好，兔四肢、脊柱和颅骨图像清晰；小鼠体内分布表明，药物主要由小鼠骨骼摄取，其它组织的摄取率低，血清除快；通过与常用的骨肿瘤治疗剂比较，发现合成的标记物是非常有希望的治疗药物。     

~(117)Sn~m标记HEDTMP的研究

合成了亲骨性的氨基膦类化合物HEDTMP（羟乙基乙二胺三甲撑膦酸），研究了^117Sn^m(Ⅳ）标记HEDTMP的条件、标记物的稳定性、亲脂性及在小鼠体内的分布。结果表明，^117Sn^m(Ⅳ）与HEDTMP在常温下反应5min即可形成标记率大于95％的配合物；酸度和配体量对溶液外观有较大的影响，但不影响标记率；^117Sn^m(Ⅳ）－HEDTMP的稳定性较好，属亲水性配合物。上鼠体内分布实验表明，配合物主要为骨骼提取，其它组织的摄取趋于本底。     

153Sm标记二膦酸配体及其在羟基磷灰石上的吸附

制备了新的伯胺二膦酸类配体ABDP(4-氨基-1-羟丁基-1，1-二膦酸)和2-AEDP(2-氨基-亚乙基-1，1-二膦酸)的^153Sm标记物，研究其标记条件及体外性质。实验表明，使用^153Sm标记两个配体，其标记率均可以达到95％以上，增加配体量可以提高标记率和稳定性，通过研究标记物在羟基磷灰石(HA)上的吸附可以看出，^153Sm—ABDP在HA上的吸附率较高，提示它可能有较好的骨吸附。     

BADTPA偶联~(153)Sm,~(186)Re标记平阳霉素

通过一步法合成了二乙三胺五乙酸环二酸酐（BADTPA）并与平阳霉素（PLM）偶联，于室温制得DTPAPLM。在pH为4－6的沸水中进行^153Sm标记，反应3min后制得产额高于95％的^153Sm-DTPA-PLM。采用亚锡还原法进行^186Re标记，在pH为3－5的沸水中反应30min制得产额高于95％的^186Re-DTPA－PLM。两种标记物的稳定性很好，于室温下放置48h后，其放化纯度仍高于95％。脂水分配系数表明，^153Sm-DTPA-PLM是亲水性的。动物体内分布实验结果表明：^153Sm-DTPA-PLM的血液清除较快，主要通过肾脏代谢。正常鼠体内行为初试结果表明：^186Re-DTPA-PLM是一种可望用于肿瘤治疗的新型药物。     

188Re-TCTMP的合成及在小鼠体内的分布

合成了氮杂环甲撑膦酸配体TCTMP（1，4，8，11－四氮杂环十四烷－1，4，8，11－四甲基膦酸），研究了亚锡还原下^188Re-TCTMP的制备条件，并探索了该配合物的体外稳定性及在正常小鼠体内分布。结果表明，pH=2,SnCl2量为0.8-1.6mg，配体量为50mg时，可以制得标记率大于95％的配合物^188Re-TCTMP；配合物具有很高的体外稳定性，室温下放置8d，标记率仍不低于95％。小鼠体内分布表明，配合物很快为小鼠骨骼摄取并保留较长时间；与^188Re-HEDP(1-羟基亚乙基二膦酸）相比，^188Re-TCTMP表现出更低的非靶组织摄取。因此，^188Re-TCTMP有望取代^186,188Re-HEDP，成为新型的缓解治疗骨肿瘤疼痛的放射性药物。     

153Sm配合物与牛血清白蛋白结合对骨摄取的影响

研究了NTMP（次氮三亚甲基膦酸），HEDTMP（N－（羟乙基）乙二胺基三亚甲基膦酸），DCTMP（1，2－环己二胺四亚甲基膦酸），EDTMP（乙基二胺基四亚甲基膦酸），DTPMP（二乙基三胺基五亚甲膦酸），DTPA（二乙基三胺基五醋酸）的^153Sm配合物在羟基磷灰石（HA）和I型骨胶原上的吸附及其在小鼠体内的骨摄取，观察到体内骨摄取与体外骨模型吸附性能的差别。在对上述6个^153Sm配合物与牛血清白蛋白（BSA）的结合性质研究中观察到，^153Sm配合物与BSA的结合性对其骨摄取过程有重要影响，并解释了^153Sm配合物体内骨摄取与体外骨模型吸附不一致的原因。     

^99Tc^m-DTPA-双（3，5-二甲氧基-4＇-氨基二苯乙烯）的制备及其在小鼠体内的生物分布

通过3，5-二甲氧基-4’-氨基二苯乙烯与DTPA双酸酐（DTPAA）反应制备了DTPA-双（3，5-二甲氧基-41-氨基二苯乙烯），所得产品经IR、MS、^1HNMR和元素分析进行结构确认；对其进行了^99Tc^m-标记并观察了标记物在小鼠体内的分布。结果显示，标记物标记率和放化纯度均〉90％，在连续观察的6h内，其放化纯度均〉90％，表明其稳定性良好。标记物在小鼠体内的生物分布结果显示，标记物在肝中摄取较高，注射后10min时达到峰值13．12％／g，且滞留时间较长，注射后180min时仍有12．07％／g；在肺和血液中清除较快，注射后5min时分别为10．41％／g和13．50％／g，注射后180min时则分别降至2．42和2．71％／g。这为进一步研究既能抑制癌细胞，又能对其疗效进行检测的新型放射性治疗药物提供了思路。     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

The preclinical pharmacological study of dopamine transporter imaging agent 18F-FP-β-CIT

The paper is to study pharmacologic characteristics of 18F-FP-β-CIT (18F-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β- carbomethoxy-3β- (4-iodophenyl)nortropane) as an imaging agent for dopamine transporter. The radiochemical purity of 18F-FP-β-CIT in aqueous solution was over 95% after standing at room temperature for 4h. Biodistribution displayed rapid uptake in rat brain (1.375 %ID/organ at 5min and 0.100 %ID/organ at 180 min) and the striatal uptake was 1.444,0.731, 0.397, 0.230 and 0.146 %ID/g at 5, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min, respectively. The values of striatum/cerebellum,striatum/frontal cortex and striatum / hippocampus in rat's brain at 30 min were 3.38, 2.17 and 2.40 respectively. The uptake in striatum can be blocked by β-CFT, suggesting that 18F-FP-β-CIT binds to DAT peculiarly. The compound was rapidly cleared from monkey's blood. The striatal uptake was bilaterally decreased in the left-sided lesioned PD rats, compared with normal control. Brain PET imaging studies in normal monkey showed that 18F-FP-β-CIT was concentrated in striatum. The test of undue toxicity showed that the dose received by mice was 1250 times as by human, which indicates that 18F-FP-β-CIT is very safe. So 18F-FP-β-CIT is a promising PET imaging agent for DAT with safety and validity.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

PLASMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 16(2014)

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Radioactivity levels in soil of salt field area,Kelambakkam,Tamilnadu,India

Soil samples in and around salt field area have been analyzed for natural radioactivity concentration using gamma ray spectrometer.The activity concentration for ~(232)Th,~(238)U and ~(40)K are ranged from 27.88 to 45.27 Bq/kg, from BDL to 13.30 Bq/kg,and from 135.54 to 381.28 Bq/kg,respectively.The measured activity concentrations for these radionuclides were compared with world average activity of soil.The average activity concentration of ~(232)Th in the present study is 1.19 times higher than world median value while the activity of ~(238)U and ~(40)K is found to be lower. The absorbed dose rates due to these radionuclides were calculated.The average absorbed gamma dose rate due to the presence of ~(232)Th,~(238)U and ~(40)K in soil samples is 36.99 nGy·h~(-1).These results indicate no radiological anomaly. The data presented in this study will serve as a base line survey for primordial radionuclides concentration in the study area.