Effect of plastic deformation on the kinetics of phase transformations in the Cu-47Pd alloy

It has been established that the processes of high-temperature deformation of polycrystalline aluminum can be monotonic or jumplike. A monotonic time dependence of the root-mean-square voltage of acoustic emission observed in such a process corresponds to the monotonic character of deformation accumulation, whereas macroscopic deformation jumps are accompanied by single high-amplitude pulses of acoustic emission correlating with the strain rate in the jumplike portion. The technique has been developed, and activation parameters (activation energy and activation volume) of the high-temperature deformation process have been determined. The character of the dependence of the activation parameters on the mechanical stress and temperature indicates a good correlation of elementary deformation acts in the course of high-temperature deformation.     

Acoustic Emission during Intermittent Creep in an Aluminum–Magnesium Alloy

The use of high-speed methods to measure deformation, load, and the dynamics of deformation bands, as well as the correlation between the intermittent creep characteristics of the AlMg6 aluminum–magnesium alloy and the parameters of the acoustic emission signals, has been studied experimentally. It has been established that the emergence and rapid expansion of the primary deformation band, which generates a characteristic acoustic emission signal in the frequency range of 10–1000 Hz, is a trigger for the development of a deformation step in the creep curve. The results confirm the accuracy of the mechanism of generating an acoustic signal associated with the emergence of a dislocation band on the external surface of the specimen.     

管道声发射泄漏检测技术研究进展

声发射检测的目的是获得声发射源的有关信息(如声发射源的特征和位置等)。管道泄漏声发射信号既携带结构的某些特征信息(泄漏孔大小和位置等)，同时又有很大的随机性和不确定性，属于一种非平稳随机信号。在分析管道泄漏声发射信号特点基础上，着重对管道声发射泄漏检测技术及信号处理方法的最新研究进展进行了回顾。模态声发射能够解决常规声发射技术发展中的问题，是一种潜在的能够实现管道泄漏定量检测的方法。     

2D-C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料拉伸试验的声发射特性

对2D-C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料试样在室温条件下单调拉伸试验和循环拉伸试验的损伤声发射信号进行研究,利用无监督层次聚类分析方法对单调和循环拉伸试验的声发射信号进行损伤模式识别,得出了两种拉伸试验下试样都有相同的损伤分类。对每次单调加/卸载试验分别进行应力和声发射信号分析,得到了在循环加载区间和卸载区间试样的损伤情况。对比分析两种拉伸试验的声发射信号,得到两次试验中首次加载相同应力时,两个试样有同一种类的声发射损伤信号,从而说明循环加载对试样的主要损伤影响较小。     

基于多传感器技术的搅拌摩擦焊在线监测系统开发

搅拌摩擦焊连接是一个涉及多物理场的耦合过程,很有必要对这一过程中温度信号、声发射信号、振动信号进行采集与研究。详细地介绍了基于Lab VIEW虚拟仪器技术的搅拌摩擦焊在线监测系统的设计与开发。主要硬件有研华PCI-1714数据采集卡、红外线温度传感器、声发射传感器、加速度传感器及其相应的信号调理与放大电路。系统可实现多种信号数据的采集、数据处理、实时显示和数据保存,并且通过7022铝合金焊接实验验证了所开发系统的可靠性与精确度,为构建焊接加工预判系统提供了实验依据。     

铝合金疲劳裂纹扩展声发射监测

采用声发射(acoustic emission,AE)技术对7N01铝合金单边缺口三点弯曲试样不同应力比、不同峰值载荷下疲劳裂纹扩展过程中声发射信号进行了监测,建立了裂纹扩展速率、声发射计数(count)与应力强度因子之间的关系.结果表明,大部分的声发射信号主要产生于疲劳循环载荷的低应力阶段,这主要是低应力阶段的声发射活动主要与裂纹尖端的塑性变形和裂纹闭合现象有关,声发射计数与应力强度因子之间呈指数增长的关系.基于所建立的声发射计数率与裂纹扩展速率的关系,可以预测疲劳损伤结构的剩余寿命.     

Strain-Induced Surface Dynamics of Aluminum Studied by <Emphasis Type="Italic">In Situ</Emphasis> Photoelectron Emission

In situ photoelectron emission in high-purity aluminum deformed under uniaxial tension while exposed to pulsed excimer laser radiation (248 nm) is reported in this paper. The effect of various surface treatments, including polishing, air oxidization, carbon coating, and gold coating, on photoelectron emission was investigated. The photoelectron emission signals are sensitive to strain-induced surface structure changes, such as slip lines and slip bands. In the case of aluminum with oxide of 4.5 nm thickness, the photoelectron emission increases gradually in a nonlinear fashion at the early stage of deformation (strain ≤0.05). Then the photoemission grows linearly until the accumulated strain reaches about 0.17. In the final stage, the photoelectron intensity increases parabolically until failure. The transition of photoelectron emission from linear to parabolic growth correlates with the onset of strain localization. The strain-induced microstructural change was also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The photoelectron emission signals from aluminum during tension were interpreted in the light of surface treatment, surface electron work function, and surface microstructural change.     

Damage assessment in AISI/SAE 8620 steel and in a sintered Fe-P alloy by using acoustic emission

Mechanical behavior of an AISI/SAE 8620 steel and of a sintered Fe-P alloy has been investigated using acoustic emission signals. Four-point bending tests were carried out using strain gages to measure the deformation. The onset of plastic strain was determined through the acoustic signal. The acoustic signal of the sintered material was very strong and increased continually with external load. The correlation between microstructure and signal acoustic is discussed.     

On the similarity of plastic flow processes during smooth and jerky flow in dilute alloys

The jerky flow of dilute alloys, or the Portevin-Le Chatelier effect, has a burst-like intermittent character at different fluctuation size levels. Multifractal analysis is applied to both the macroscopic stress serrations and the acoustic emission accompanying the plastic deformation. Multifractal scaling is found for both kinds of time series. The scaling range of the stress serrations is limited from below by their characteristic frequency. Unexpectedly, the scaling range for acoustic bursts not only covers this range but spreads to much shorter time scales with the same scaling exponent. This result testifies that the deformation processes revealed by the acoustic emission at a mesoscopic scale have a similar nature during both stress serrations and smooth plastic flow. The implications on the crossovers in the dynamics of jerky flow are discussed.     

Cell-structure and mechanical properties of closed-cell aluminum foam

1　INTRODUCTIONMetalfoamsexhibitunusualmechanical,ther mal,acoustic ,damping ,electricalandchemicalprop ertiesthatcannotbefoundinsolidmaterials .Thosespecialpropertiesmayleadtoavarietyofapplicationsinstructuralandfunctionalproducts.Closed cellalu minumfoamisalight massstructuralmaterialofgreatpromise .Itsdensityisonlyafractionofthatofthecorrespondingbulkmetal,butitsstrengthissuf ficientlyhightobeusedintheautomobileindustry ,buildingindustryandtransportation .Examplesoftheirapplicationsinc…     

金属塑性成型过程中摩擦声发射信号特征

在金属塑性成型的过程中,在较大的正压力作用下,变形金属与模具之间存在着摩擦力,导致除了浪费能源以外,还会使金属坯料的变形不均匀。采用声发射技术,检测了模拟金属滑块和滑板在三种匀速运动及三种正压力的情况下,产生的塑性变形摩擦声发射信号的变化。试验结果表明,在特定条件下,随着正压力的增加,声发射信号的计数和幅度减少。     

Use of acoustic emission technique for the early detection of aluminum alloys exfoliation corrosion

Exfoliation corrosion of aluminum alloys is a form of localized corrosion which affects many industries, specially aeronautics. The study of this corrosion mode using only electrochemical techniques is not fully efficient for the detection and control on line of this phenomenon. Therefore, we developed a non-destructive testing technique based on the acoustic emission recordings in order to follow-up this form of corrosion on aluminum alloys. Indeed, recent works have shown the interest of the acoustic emission for the detection, the monitoring and the localization of pitting corrosion on aluminum alloys. This pitting corrosion phenomenon is currently well understood and the experimental methodology acquired during that study is transposed to the study of exfoliation corrosion of aluminum alloys.The present study is conducted on two aluminum alloys: (Al 2024 T3, and Al 7449 T6 and T7). Samples are immersed 4 days in the modified ASTM STP 1134 saline solution. Observations of the structures after tests show that the exfoliation corrosion sensitivity of alloy 7449 T6 is more important than for alloy 7449 T7 which exhibits only the presence of small and non-occluded pits. Very severe exfoliation corrosion was also observed on Al 2024 T3, but after a longer immersion time or in a more acid solution.The recording of the acoustic emission activity shows evident links between this activity and the exfoliation corrosion rate. The analysis of the signal's characteristics reveals a population corresponding to the release of hydrogen bubbles. A few more energetic signals have also been observed. Their source can be either, the cracking resulting from the separation of sheets of metal, or the development and evolution of hydrogen bubbles formed inside blisters during exfoliation corrosion.     

Monitoring Damage Evolution in a Titanium Matrix Composite Shaft Under Torsion Loading Using Acoustic Emission

The damage behaviors of a titanium matrix composite shaft under torsion loading were monitored using the acoustic emission technique. The composite shaft with SiC fibers at ± 45° orientations was prepared by the solid-state fabrication process. Both the torsional rigidity and torsional strength of the TMC shaft were improved by SiC fibers. The acoustic emission responses during the loading–unloading–reloading, under quasi-static and cyclic torsion tests were investigated. Multiple acoustic emission signals were grouped as mechanical noise, matrix deformation, interface debonding and fiber fracture using amplitude, waveform shape and frequency centroid parameters. A substantial reduction of signals generated by matrix deformation was found in the reloading test. During the quasi-static torsion test, interface debonding and progressive breaks of SiC fibers occurred. According to different acoustic emission behaviors, the failure process in the torsion fatigue test can be divided into three stages: the initial stage, the fiber fracture stage and the fast fracture stage.     

声发射技术在氧化膜破裂监测中的应用

在高温腐蚀领域,声发射技术是一种最有效且具有极高灵敏度的监测氧化膜破裂的技术.通过分析声发射计数,可以判断氧化膜首次发生破裂的时间及最后破裂的程度.如对声发射频谱进行分析,则可以判别氧化膜内发生塑性变形、开裂及剥落的过程.利用声发射技术还可以测量氧化膜/合金界面处预存物理缺陷大小及分布.此外,将声发射技术与其它技术结合,可建立全新的分析测试系统.综述了声发射技术用于监测氧化膜破裂的原理和方法,以及多种性能测试方面的应用与新发展.     

Acoustic emission analysis on tensile failure of air plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings

An acoustic emission technique was used to monitor the cracking behavior and fracture process of thermal barrier coatings subjected to tensile loading. Acoustic emission signals were extracted and preformed by fast Fourier transform, and their characteristic frequency spectrums and dominant bands were obtained to reveal fracture modes. Three different characteristic frequency bands were confirmed, corresponding to substrate deformation, surface vertical cracking and interface delamination, with the aid of scanning electronic microscopy observations. A map of the tensile failure mechanism of air plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings was established. The fracture strength and interfacial shear strength were estimated as 45.73 ± 3.92 MPa and 20.51 ± 1.74 MPa, respectively, which are well in agreement with available results.     

断续磨削表面烧伤机理与在线监测方法研究

目的 研究断续磨削烧伤机理和声发射在线监测方法,避免产品磨削加工烧伤现象.方法 基于平面磨削温度场理论和镜像热源方法,建立一种断续磨削工件边缘的温度场模型,基于该模型可对断续磨削烧伤机理进行研究.为验证上述模型的有效性,通过正交实验设计不同断续磨削工况实验,利用红外热成像仪和声发射信号对断续磨削区温度进行在线监测,使用酸洗法和巴克豪森噪声检测仪对磨削后工件表面进行烧伤检测验证,通过对声发射信号的小波包能量求解,建立其与磨削区温度之间的关系.结果 该模型可有效反映断续磨削时工件边缘处磨削区温度场分布情况.计算结果表明,断续磨削工件断口边缘比其他位置磨削区温度更高,且更容易引起烧伤.实验表明,声发射信号的小波包变换总能量与磨削区呈一定相关性,基于声发射信号可对断续磨削烧伤实施在线监测.结论 实验结果证明了该模型对断续磨削烧伤机理分析的有效性,以及利用声发射信号对断续磨削烧伤在线监测的可行性.最后针对某一转向螺母产品实际断续磨削加工烧伤进行在线监测应用,实践结果表明,该方法比传统酸洗烧伤检测更加高效环保,对实现磨削加工烧伤检测自动化和智能化具有重要意义.     

孔洞对双晶TiAl合金断裂行为影响的声发射响应

本文基于分子动力学方法,对含孔洞的双晶TiAl合金试样进行了单轴拉伸模拟,在纳米尺度下研究了材料变形和断裂过程中的缺陷演化行为及其声发射响应。研究发现：孔洞大小和位置对材料的弹性模量影响较小,屈服强度随孔洞尺寸的增大而降低;进入塑性变形后,孪晶界对孔洞边缘连续发射的位错有阻碍作用,使晶体强度增加;达到屈服应力时,含晶界孔洞的试样更容易产生稳定的位错结构,阻碍其他位错运动,从而提高了晶体强度;通过对拉伸过程中的声发射信号进行分析,发现声发射信号主要来源于晶格振动,并且具有较大的功率值范围和较低的中值频率;位错滑移的声发射信号表现出宽频域的特点,位错增殖和位错塞积的声发射信号表现出低功率的特点;裂纹扩展的声发射信号属于突发型信号,表现为高频率、高功率的特征。     

Identification of acoustic emission signal in aluminum alloys spot welding based on fractal theory

The acoustic emission signal of aluminum alloys spot welding includes the information of forming nugget and is one of the important parameters in the quality control. Due to the nonlinearity of the signals, classic Euclidean geometry can not be applied to depict exactly. The fractal theory is implemented to quantitatively describe the characteristics of the acoustic emission signals. The experiment and calculation results show that the box counting dimension of acoustic emission signal, between 1 and 2, are distinctive from different nugget areas in AC spot welding. It is proved that box counting dimension is an effective characteristic parameter to evaluate spot welding quality. In addition, fractal theory can also be applied in other spot welding parameters, such as voltage, current, electrode force and so on, for the purpose of recognizing the spot welding quality.     

动态压缩LY12铝合金微结构的XRD线形分析

用Hopkinson杆实验装置在不同温度下对LY12铝合金进行动态压缩实验.采用XRD线形分析对压缩试样的微细观结构演化进行研究.由XRD的积分宽度确定试样中位错为刃型位错.衍射峰形的Fourier分析表明,在动态加载下,材料内部的位错密度在塑性流动的初期迅速趋于饱和,且随着测试温发的升高,位错密度呈递减趋势,同时亚结构的尺寸不断增加.衍射峰形分析结果显示在280—300℃之间亚结构尺寸迅速增长,与LY12铝合金在280℃附近发生第:相粒子的溶解对应.     

电弧声与铝合金脉冲MIG焊熔滴过渡的相关性

对铝合金脉冲MIG焊过程中电弧声信号与熔滴过渡之间的相关性进行了研究.建立了焊接电弧声信号的计算机采集系统,在此基础上分别利用小波去噪、功率谱密度分析和ARMA(auto regressive and moving average,自相关滑动平均模型)双谱估计等信号处理方法对不同熔滴过渡方式下的电弧声信号进行了分析.三种方法的分析结果均表明熔滴过渡为短路过渡、大滴过渡、射滴过渡、和射流过渡时焊接电弧声具有不同的特征,证明利用电弧声能够对铝合金脉冲MIG焊过程中出现的不同熔滴过渡进行有效地区分.为铝合金脉冲MIG焊熔滴过渡稳定性实时控制和检测提供了一种有效的手段.